Design of Beam
Question No. 2: Design the beam using following data.
(1) Size of beam: 250 × 500 with effective cover of 50 mm at both top and bottom
(2) Applied Moment and Shear force is 150 kNm and 75 kN respectively
(3) M 25 and Fe 415
SOLUTION
Step 1: Calculation of effective depth, factored Moment and factored Shear Force
Effective depth d= D-dc = 500- 50 = 450 mm
Factored Moment, Mu= 1.5 × 150 = 225 kNm
Factored Shear Force, Vu= 1.5 × 75 = 112.5 kN
Step 2: Calculation of ultimate MOR
𝒙𝒖 𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒙𝒖 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝒖 𝒍𝒊𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 ) 𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒌
𝒅 𝒅
𝑴𝒖 𝒍𝒊𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖 × (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖)𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒌
𝑴𝒖 𝒍𝒊𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖 × 𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖 × 𝟐𝟓𝟎 × 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟐 × 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟕 𝒌𝑵 < 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
Thus, the section is a doubly reinforced section
Step 2: Calculation of Reinforcement
Calculation of compression reinforcement (Asc)
𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑑/ 0.48×450−50
The strain is 0.0035 = 0.0035 = 0.0027
𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.48×450
The stress is corresponding to the strain of 0.0027 (From figure 23 A of IS 456-2000)
fsc= 0.89 × fy=0.89 × 415=369.4 N/mm2
From G.1.2 of IS 456-2000,
𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝐴𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑/ )
(𝟐𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟕𝟒.𝟕)×𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑨𝒔𝒄 = = 𝟑𝟒𝟏 mm2
𝟑𝟔𝟗.𝟒×(𝟒𝟓𝟎−𝟓𝟎)
Number of 16 mm diameter bar
341
No. of 16 mm ɸ bar 𝜋 = 1.7
×162
4
Provide 2-16 mm ɸ
Prepared By: Dr. Utpal K Nath, Professor, CED, AED Page 1 of 3
Design of Beam
Calculation of tensile reinforcement (Ast)
Now, Ast1 is calculated corresponding to Mu, lim (Clause G.1.2)
𝑨𝒔𝒕 𝒇𝒚
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝒇𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝒕 𝒅 (𝟏 − )
𝒃𝒅𝒇𝒄𝒌
0.5×𝑓𝑐𝑘 ×𝑏×𝑑 4.6×𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (1 ± √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ×𝑏×𝑑2
0.5×25×250×450 4.6 ×174.7 ×106
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (1 ± √1 − ) = 1342 mm2or 3388 mm2
415 25×250×4502
Consider, Ast1 = 1342 mm2
Now, Ast2 is calculated using the following formula (Clause G.1.2)
𝑨 𝒇
𝒔𝒄 𝒔𝒄 𝟑𝟒𝟏 × 𝟑𝟔𝟗.𝟒
𝑨𝒔𝒕𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟕𝒇 = = 𝟑𝟒𝟗 mm2
𝒚 𝟎.𝟖𝟕 ×𝟒𝟏𝟓
Thus, final tensile reinforcement is
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 =1342 + 349 =1691 mm2
Try with 20 mm ɸ bar
1691
No. of 20 mm ɸ bar 𝜋 = 5.4
×202
4
Provide 6-20 mm ɸ
Step 3: Design of Shear Reinforcement
Clause 40.1 of IS 456-2000
𝑉 112.5 × 103
Nominal shear stress, 𝜏𝑣 = 𝑏𝑑𝑢 = = 1 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
250×450
𝜋
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ×6 × ×202
4
Percentage of reinforcement, = = = 1.68%
𝑏𝑑 250×450
From table 19 of IS 456-2000 we have
𝑥 1.68 − 1.5
= => 𝑥 = 0.101 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
0.78 − 0.74 1.75 − 1.5
Thus, Design Shear Strength of Concrete is
𝝉𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝑵⁄
𝒎𝒎𝟐
Thus, 𝝉𝒗 > 𝝉𝒄
Shear reinforcement shall be provided in accordance
with 40.4
Prepared By: Dr. Utpal K Nath, Professor, CED, AED Page 2 of 3
Design of Beam
For vertical stirrups, use the following equation
rom clause [Link]
We have
𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝒇𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝒗 𝒅
𝑽𝒖𝒔 =
𝒔𝒗
Try with 2 legged 8 mm ɸ bar, we have
𝝅
𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 × 𝟒𝟏𝟓 × (𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟖𝟐 ) × 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝒔𝒗 =
(𝝉𝒗 − 𝝉𝒄 )𝒃𝒅
𝝅
𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 × 𝟒𝟏𝟓 × (𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟖𝟐 ) × 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝒔𝒗 =
(𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟏) × 𝟐𝟓𝟎 × 𝟒𝟓𝟎
=> 𝒔𝒗 = 𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝒎
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement (Cl [Link]) = 0.75 × d = 0.75 × 450 = 338 , but should not be
greater than 300 mm. (For vertical stirrups)
Thus provide 2 legged 8 mm ɸ bar @ 150 mm c/c
Step 4: Calculation of Development length
Development length (clause 26.2.1)
𝝋𝝈𝒔 𝟐𝟎 × (𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 × 𝟒𝟏𝟓)
𝑳𝒅 = = = 𝟖𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝟒𝝉𝒃𝒅 𝟒 × 𝟏. 𝟒 × 𝟏. 𝟔
Step 5: Detaining
The detailing is as follows
Prepared By: Dr. Utpal K Nath, Professor, CED, AED Page 3 of 3