Pre-Calculus 96

PRE-CALCULUS
MODULE 13
Topic: Hyperbola
 Pre-Calculus 97

Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
- define hyperbola,
- identify the parts of a hyperbola,
- differentiate the types of hyperbolas and its properties,
- determine the equation in standard form and general form of a hyperbola, and
- Graph the hyperbola with center at the origin.

LESSON NOTES

A. Introduction
A hyperbola is one of the conic sections that most students have not encountered formally
before, unlike circles, ellipses, and parabolas. Its graph consists of two unbounded branches which
extend in opposite directions. It is a misconception that each branch is a parabola. This is not true,
as parabolas and hyperbolas have very different features.

Motivation. Did you know that the orbit of a spacecraft can sometimes be a hyperbola? A
spacecraft can use the gravity of a planet to alter its path and propel it at high speed away from the
planet and back out into space using a technique called “gravitational slingshot”. If this happens,
then the path of the spacecraft is a hyperbola. (insert video link)

B. Modeling

Hyperbola is a symmetrical open plane curve formed when the plane (not
necessarily vertical) intersects both cones from two unbounded curves.

Hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the

positive difference between its distances from two fixed points is
constant. Its eccentricity is greater than 1.

Parts of Hyperbola
• The two fixed points 𝒇𝟏 and 𝒇𝟐 are called the foci.

• The point midway to the foci is the center of the hyperbola.

• The axis of symmetry passing through the foci is called the principal axis of the hyperbola.
 Pre-Calculus 98

• The line segment on the principal axis through the center and joining the vertices is called
the transverse axis of the hyperbola.

• The line segment through the center and perpendicular to the transverse axis is the
conjugate axis.
• Associated in the graph of a hyperbola is an auxiliary rectangle tangent at the vertices.

• The graph of hyperbola is symmetric with respect to both its transverse and conjugate axes.

• The intersection of a hyperbola with the transverse axis determines the two points

• The intersection of the hyperbola with the transverse axis determines the two points 𝑽𝟏 and
𝑽𝟐 which are called the vertices.

• The points 𝑩𝟏 and 𝑩𝟐 are the endpoints of the conjugate axis

• The line segments through the foci perpendicular to the transverse axis and joining two
points of the hyperbola are called latera recta

• The fixed lines 𝑫𝟏 and 𝑫𝟐 parallel to the latera recta are called the directrices.

• The lines which comes closer and closer to the hyperbola and passing through the diagonals
of the auxiliary rectangle are called asymptotes

• The length of the transverse axis can be greater or less than the length of the conjugate axis.

Length and Distances in a Hyperbola

a = distance from center to an end of transverse axis (or from center to vertex)
b = is the distance from the center to an end of conjugate axis
c = 𝑎𝑒 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = distance from center to focus
2a = length of transverse axis
2b = length of conjugate axis
2c = is the distance between two foci
 Pre-Calculus 99

STANDARD FORM OF EQUATIONS OF A HYPERBOLA

CENTER AT THE ORIGIN (0,0)

Vertical Hyperbola (upward and downward opening)

y 2 x2
Standard form: 2 − 2 = 1
a b
a a
Equation of the asymptotes: y = x and y = − x
b b

Horizontal Hyperbola (left and right opening)

x2 y 2
Standard form: − =1
a 2 b2
b b
Equation of the asymptotes: y = x and y = − x
a a
 Pre-Calculus 100

General Form of Equation of Hyperbola center at the origin

Ax 2 + Cy 2 + F = 0 Where A and C doesn’t have the same sign

Examples of hyperbola in Examples of hyperbola in

Standard form of Equation General form of Equation

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − 12 = 1 1. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 − 12 = 0
9

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. − 16 = 1 2. 12𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 − 45 = 0
49

𝑦2 𝑥2
3. − + =1 3. −5𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 20 = 0
3 2

Example Problems
A. Identify if the given standard form is a horizontal hyperbola or vertical hyperbola.

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2
1. − =1 2. − =1 3. − + =1
20 16 18 30 32 8

Oooooppss.
Whichever term is positive determines which denominator is
How to easily identify if the
a. If the positive term is x, then the hyperbola is
equation is a horizontal
horizontal. If the positive term is y then it is vertical
hyperbola or vertical
hyperbola.
hyperbola?

Answers:
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − =1 HORIZONTAL As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive
20 16
while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is horizontal (left and
right opening).

x2 y2
− =1
20 16

x2
Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 20.
20

y2
The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 16
16
 Pre-Calculus 101

𝑦2 𝑥2
2. − =1 VERTICAL As you can see, the term with 𝒚 is positive
18 30
while the term with 𝑥 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is vertical (upward and
downward opening).

y2 x2
− =1
18 30

y2
Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 18.
18

x2
The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 30
30

𝑦2 𝑥2
3. − + =1 HORIZONTAL As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive
32 8
while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is horizontal (left and
right opening).

y2 x2
− + =1
32 8

x2
Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 8.
8

y2
The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 32
32

B. Convert the Standard form of equation into general form of equation.

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − =1 Solutions:
3 2

x2 y 2
− =1 Standard form of equation
3 2
Find the LCD of the deminators
The LCD of 3 and 2 is 6
 x2 y 2 
6 − = 1 6 Multiply the LCD to the both side of the equation
 3 2 
2 2
6x 6 y
− =6 Simplify
3 2
2
6 x2 3 6 y2
− =6 Reduce to lowest term
3 2
2x2 − 3 y 2 = 6 Transpose the constant
2x − 3y − 6 = 0
2 2
General form of equation
 Pre-Calculus 102

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. − + 10 = 1 Solutions:
4

x2 y 2
− + =1 Standard form of equation
4 10
Find the LCD of the deminators
The LCD of 4 and 10 is 20
 x2 y 2 
20  − + = 1 20 Multiply the LCD to the both side of the equation
 4 10 
2 2
20 x 20 y
− + = 20 Simplify
4 10
5
20 x 2 2 20 y 2
− + = 20 Reduce to lowest term
4 10
− 5 x 2 + 2 y 2 = 20 Transpose the constant
− 5 x + 2 y − 20 = 0
2 2

5 x 2 − 2 y 2 + 20 = 0 General form of equation

C. Convert the general form of equation into standard form of equation.

1. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 − 144 = 0
Solution:

4 x 2 − 9 y 2 − 144 = 0 General form of equation

4 x − 9 y = 144
2 2
Transpose the constant
4 x 2 − 9 y 2 144
= Divide both side of the equation by the constant
144 144
2 2
4x 9 y 144
− = Simplify
144 144 144
1 1
4 x 2 1 9 y 2 144
− = Reduce to lowest term
144 36 144 16 144
x2 y 2
− =1 Standard form of equation
36 16

2. 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 10 = 0

Solution:
5 x 2 − 2 y 2 + 10 = 0 General form of equation
5 x 2 − 2 y 2 = −10 Transpose the constant
5x − 2 y
2
−102
= Divide both side of the equation by the constant
−10 −10
5 x −2 y
2 2
−10
= Simplify (negative divided by negative is positive)
−10 −10 −10
1
1
5 x 2 1 2 y 2 −10
− + = Reduce to lowest term
10 2 10 5 −10
x2 y 2
− + =1 or
2 5
y 2 x2
− =1 Standard form of equation
5 2
 Pre-Calculus 103

D. Solve for the standard form of the hyperbola 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒 and graph.

Solution: 16 x 2 − 9 y 2 − 144 = 0 General form of equation

16 x − 9 y = 144
2 2
Transpose the constant
16 x 2 − 9 y 2 144
= Divide both side of the equation by the constant
144 144
2 2
16 x 9 y 144
− = Simplify
144 144 144
1 1
16 x 2 1 9 y 2 144
− = Reduce to lowest term
144 9 144 16 144
x2 y 2
− =1 Standard form of equation
9 16

Given:
• As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore the
given hyperbola is horizontal (left and right opening).
x2 y2
• Since the positive term is therefore 𝒂 = 𝟗. The negative term is −
𝟐
therefore
9 16
𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

• If 𝑎2 = 9 and 𝑏 2 = 16, solve for the square root, therefore 𝒂 = 𝟑 and 𝒃 = 𝟒

• Solving for c. 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5. 𝒄 = 𝟓

• 2𝑎 = 2(3) = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Length of the transverse axis

• 2𝑏 = 2(4) = 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Length of the conjugate axis

𝑏 𝑏
• The equation of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 and 𝑦 = − 𝑎 𝑥.
4 4
Therefore 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 and 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥

Graph

• The given hyperbola is horizontal (left and right opening).

• Plot the center at the origin.

• 𝒂 = 𝟑. The distance of the vertex from the center. Move 3 units to the left and to the right
of the center.

• 𝒃 = 𝟒. The distance from the center to an end of conjugate. Move 4 units upward and
downward from the center.

• 𝒄 = 𝟓. The distance of the focus from the center. Move 5 units to the left and to the right
of the center.
 Pre-Calculus 104

• Construct a rectangle passing through the vertices and the endpoints of the conjugate axis

• The diagonals of the rectangle will be the asymptotes (the lines which comes closer and
closer to the hyperbola)

4 4
• The equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 and 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥

• Graph the hyperbola.

4
4
y=− x y= x
3 3
 Pre-Calculus 105

To wrap up everything that we have talked about in this lesson, let us try to answer
the given activities.
Thinking time

ACTIVITIES

A. Complete the table

Standard
General Form of Length of the Length of the Horizontal or
Form of
Equation conjugate axis transverse axis Vertical
Equation

x2 y 2
− =1
25 4

2 x 2 − 7 y 2 + 14 = 0

26 16 Vertical

y 2 x2
− =1
49 16

−12 x 2 + 8 y 2 − 24 = 0

B. Graph the following hyperbola in rectangular coordinate system.

x2 y 2
✓ − =1
16 20

✓ 4 x 2 − 81y 2 + 324 = 0

✓ x 2 − 4 y 2 − 16 = 0
 Pre-Calculus 106

GENERALIZATIONS

✓ Hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the positive
difference between its distances from two fixed points is constant. Its
eccentricity is greater than 1.
𝑥2 𝑦2
✓ The standard form of horizontal hyperbola with center (0,0) is − 𝑏2 = 1
𝑎2
𝑦2 𝑥2
✓ The standard form of vertical hyperbola with center (0,0) is − 𝑏2 = 1
𝑎2

✓ The general form of hyperbola with center (0,0) is 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐹 = 0, where

A and C doesn’t have the same sign.
 Pre-Calculus 107

PRE-CALCULUS
MODULE 14
Topic: Hyperbola
 Pre-Calculus 108

Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
- define hyperbola,
- determine the general form and standard form of the hyperbola with center (h, k), and
- graph a hyperbola with center (h, k).

LESSON NOTES

Hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the

positive difference between its distances from two fixed points is
constant. Its eccentricity is greater than 1.

Length and Distances in Hyperbola

a = distance from center to an end of transverse axis (or from center to vertex)

b = is the distance from the center to an end of conjugate axis

c = 𝑎𝑒 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = distance from center to focus

2a = length of transverse axis

2b = length of conjugate axis

2c = is the distance between two foci

 Pre-Calculus 109

STANDARD FORM OF EQUATIONS OF HYPERBOLA WITH CENTER (h, k)

Vertical Hyperbola (upward and downward opening)

(y −k) ( x − h)
2 2

Standard form: − =1
a2 b2
a a
Equation of the asymptotes: y = ( x − h ) + k and y = − ( x − h ) + k
b b

Horizontal Hyperbola (left and right opening)

( x − h) (y −k)
2 2

Standard form: − =1
a2 b2
b b
Equation of the asymptotes: y = ( x − h ) + k and y = k − ( x − h ) + k
a a
 Pre-Calculus 110

General Form of Equation of Hyperbola with center (h, k)

Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Where A and C doesn’t have the same sign

Examples of hyperbola in Examples of hyperbola in

Standard form of Equation General form of Equation

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+1)2
1. − =1 1. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 + 32𝑥 − 54𝑦 − 53 = 0
9 12

(𝑥+2)2 (𝑦−5)2
2. − =1 2. 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 40𝑦 − 12𝑥 + 60 = 0
49 16

(𝑦−4)2 (𝑥−1)2
3. − + =1 3. 9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 − 36𝑥 − 96𝑦 − 252 = 0
3 2

Example Problems
A. Identify if the given standard form is a horizontal hyperbola or vertical hyperbola.

(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−2)2

1. − =1 2. − =1
20 16 18 30
(𝑦+5)2 (𝑥−7)2
3. − + =1
32 8

OOoooppss.
How to easily identify if Whichever term is positive determines which denominator is a.
the equation is a horizontal If the positive term is x, then the hyperbola is horizontal. If
hyperbola or vertical the positive term is y then it is vertical hyperbola.
hyperbola?

Answers:
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2
1. − =1 HORIZONTAL As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive
20 16
while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is horizontal (left and
right opening).

( x − 2) ( y + 1)
2 2

− =1
20 16

( x − 2)
2

Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 20.

20
( y + 1)
2

The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 16

16
 Pre-Calculus 111

(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−2)2
2. − =1 VERTICAL As you can see, the term with 𝒚 is positive
18 30
while the term with 𝑥 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is vertical (upward and
downward opening).

( y + 2) ( x − 2)
2 2

− =1
18 30

( y + 2)
2

Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 18.

18
( x − 2)
2

The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 30

30

(𝑦+5)2 (𝑥−7)2
3. − + = 1 HORIZONTAL As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive
32 8
while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore
the given hyperbola is horizontal (left and
right opening).

( y + 5) ( x − 7)
2 2

− + =1
32 8

( x − 7)
2

Since the positive term is therefore 𝑎2 = 8.

8
( y + 5)
2

The negative term is − therefore 𝑏 2 = 32

32

A. Convert the Standard form of equation into general form of equation.

(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+3)2
1. − =1 Solutions:
4 10
( x − 2) ( y + 3)
2 2

− =1 Standard form of equation

4 10
Find the LCD of the deminators
The LCD of 4 and 10 is 20
 ( x − 2 ) 2 ( y + 3) 2 
20  − = 1 20 Multiply the LCD to the both side of the equation
 4 10 
 
20 ( x − 2 ) 20 ( y + 3)
2 2

− = 20 Simplify
4 10
20 ( x − 2 ) 20 ( y + 3)
5 2 2 2

− = 20 Reduce to lowest term

4 10
5 ( x − 2 ) − 2 ( y + 3) = 20
2 2
Solve for the square of the binomial
5 ( x − 4 x + 4 ) − 2 ( y + 6 y + 9 ) = 20
2 2

5 x 2 − 20 x + 20 − 2 y 2 − 12 y − 18 = 20 Distributive property of multiplication

5 x 2 − 2 y 2 − 20 x − 12 y + 20 − 18 = 20 Arrange in standard form
5 x − 2 y − 20 x − 12 y + 20 − 18 − 20 = 0
2 2
Transpose the constant
5 x − 2 y − 20 x − 12 y + 20 − 18 − 20 = 0
2 2
Combine like terms
5 x − 2 y − 20 x − 12 y − 18 = 0
2 2
General form of equation
 Pre-Calculus 112

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−5)2
2. − + =1 Solutions:
6 9

( x − 1) ( y − 5)
2 2

− + =1 Standard form of equation

6 9
Find the LCD of the deminators
The LCD of 6 and 9 is 18
 ( x − 1)2 ( y − 5 )2 
18  − + = 118 Multiply the LCD to the both side of the equation
 6 9 
 
18 ( x − 1) 18 ( y − 5 )
2 2

− + = 18 Simplify
6 9
18 ( x − 1) 18 ( y − 5 )
3 2 2 2

− + = 18 Reduce to lowest term

6 9
− 3 ( x − 1) + 2 ( y − 5 ) = 18
2 2
Solve for the square of the binomial
−3 ( x 2 − 2 x + 1) + 2 ( y 2 − 10 y + 25 ) = 18
− 3x 2 + 6 x − 3 + 2 y 2 − 20 y + 50 = 18 Distributive property of multiplication
− 3x + 2 y + 6 x − 20 y − 3 + 50 = 18
2 2
Arrange in standard form
−3x + 2 y + 6 x − 20 y − 3 + 50 − 18 = 0
2 2
Transpose the constant
−3x + 2 y + 6 x − 20 y − 3 + 50 − 18 = 0
2 2
Combine like terms
−3x + 2 y + 6 x − 20 y + 29 = 0
2 2
or
3x − 2 y − 6 x + 20 y − 29 = 0
2 2
General form of equation

C. Convert the general form of equation into standard form of equation.

1. 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 20𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 18 = 0
Solution:
5 x 2 − 2 y 2 − 20 x − 12 y − 18 = 0 General form of equation
5 x − 2 y − 20 x − 12 y = 18
2 2
Transpose the constant
( 5x − 20 x )( −2 y − 12 y ) = 18
2 2
Group the like variables

( 5x − 20 x ) − ( 2 y + 12 y ) = 18
2 2

5 ( x − 4 x ) − 2 ( y + 6 y ) = 18
2 2
Apply common monomial factoring
5 ( x − 4 x + ? ) − 2 ( y + 6 y + ? ) = 18 + ( 5 ) ? + ( −2 ) ?
2 2
Completing the square
5 ( x − 4 x + 4 ) − 2 ( y + 6 y + 9 ) = 18 + ( 5 ) 4 + ( −2 ) 9
2 2
Factoring Perfect square trinomial
5 ( x − 2 ) − 2 ( y + 3) = 18 + 20 − 18
2 2
Simplify
5 ( x − 2 ) − 2 ( y + 3) = 20
2 2

5 ( x − 2 ) − 2 ( y + 3)
2 2
20
= Divide both side of the equation by the constant
20 20
5 ( x − 2 ) 2 ( y + 3)
2 2
20
− = Simplify
20 20 20
5 ( x − 2) 2 ( y + 3)
1 2 1 2
20
− = Reduce to lowest term
20 4 20 10 20
( x − 2) ( y + 3)
2 2

− =1 Standard form of equation

4 10
 Pre-Calculus 113

2. 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 29 = 0

Solution:
3x 2 − 2 y 2 − 6 x + 20 y − 29 = 0 General form of equation
3x − 2 y − 6 x + 20 y = 29
2 2
Transpose the constant
( 3x − 6 x )( −2 y + 20 y ) = 29
2 2
Group the like variables

( 3x − 6 x ) − ( 2 y − 20 y ) = 29
2 2

3 ( x − 2 x ) − 2 ( y − 10 y ) = 29
2 2
Apply common monomial factoring
3 ( x − 2 x + ? ) − 2 ( y − 10 y + ? ) = 29 + ( 3) ? + ( −2 ) ?
2 2
Completing the square
3 ( x − 2 x + 1) − 2 ( y − 10 y + 25 ) = 29 + ( 3)1 + ( −2 ) 25
2 2
Factoring Perfect square trinomial
3 ( x − 1) − 2 ( y − 5 ) = 29 + 3 − 50
2 2
Simplify
3 ( x − 1) − 2 ( y − 5 ) = −18
2 2

3 ( x − 1) − 2 ( y − 5 )
2 2
−18
= Divide both side of the equation by the constant
−18 −18
3 ( x − 1) 2 ( y − 5 )
2 2
−18
− = Simplify
−18 −18 −18
3 ( x − 1) 2 ( y − 5)
2 2
−18
1 1

− = Reduce to lowest term

− 18 6 − 18 9 −18
( x − 1) ( y − 5)
2 2

− + =1 or
6 9
( y − 5) ( x − 1)
2 2

− =1 Standard form of equation

9 6

D. Solve for the standard form of the hyperbola 16𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 + 160𝑥 + 54𝑦 + 175 = 0 ,
then graph.

Solution:
16 x 2 − 9 y 2 + 160 x + 54 y + 175 = 0 General form of equation
16 x − 9 y + 160 x + 54 y = −175
2 2
Transpose the constant
(16 x + 160 x )( −9 y + 54 y ) = −175
2 2
Group the like variables

(16 x + 160 x ) − (9 y − 54 y ) = −175

2 2

16 ( x + 10 x ) − 9 ( y − 6 y ) = −175
2 2
Apply common monomial factoring
16 ( x + 10 x + ? ) − 9 ( y − 6 y + ? ) = −175 + (16 ) ? + ( −9 ) ?
2 2
Completing the square
16 ( x + 10 x + 25 ) − 9 ( y − 6 y + 9 ) = −175 + (16 ) 25 + ( −9 ) 9
2 2
Factoring Perfect square trinomial
16 ( x + 5 ) − 9 ( y − 3) = −175 + 400 − 81
2 2
Simplify
16 ( x + 5 ) − 9 ( y − 3) = 144
2 2

16 ( x + 5 ) − 9 ( y − 3) 144
2 2

= Divide both side of the equation by the constant

144 144
16 ( x + 5 ) 9 ( y − 3) 144
2 2

− = Simplify
144 144 144
16 ( x + 5 ) 9 ( y − 3)
1 2 1 2
144
− = Reduce to lowest term
144 9 144 16 144
( x + 5) ( y − 3)
2 2

− =1 Standard form of equation

9 16
 Pre-Calculus 114

Given:
• As you can see, the term with 𝒙 is positive while the term with 𝑦 is negative, therefore the
given hyperbola is horizontal (left and right opening).

( x − h) ( y − k )
2 2

• Center (h, k) → (−𝟓, 𝟑)

( x + 5 ) − ( y − 3)
2 2

=1
9 16
( x + 5)
2

• Since the positive term is therefore 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟗.

9
( y − 3)
2

• The negative term is − therefore 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

16

• If 𝑎2 = 9 and 𝑏 2 = 16, solve for the square root, therefore 𝒂 = 𝟑 and 𝒃 = 𝟒

• Solving for c. 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5. 𝒄 = 𝟓

• 2𝑎 = 2(3) = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Length of the transverse axis

• 2𝑏 = 2(4) = 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Length of the conjugate axis

𝑏 𝑏
• The equation of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 and 𝑦 = − 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘.

b b
y= ( x − h) + k y=− ( x − h) + k Substitute the value of a, b, k, and h
a a
4 4
y = ( x + 5) + 3 y = − ( x + 5) + 3 Apply distributive property
3 3
4 20 4 20
y = x+ +3 y = − x− +3 Combine like terms
3 3 3 3
4 29 4 11
y = x+ y =− x− Asymptotes
3 3 3 3

Graph

• The given hyperbola is horizontal (left and right opening).

• Plot the center at (-5, 3).

• 𝒂 = 𝟑. The distance of the vertex from the center. Move 3 units to the left and to the right of
the center.

• 𝒃 = 𝟒. The distance from the center to an endpoint of conjugate axis. Move 4 units upward
and downward from the center.

• 𝒄 = 𝟓. The distance of the focus from the center. Move 5 units to the left and to the right of
the center.

• Construct a rectangle passing through the vertices and the endpoints of the conjugate axis
 Pre-Calculus 115

• The diagonals of the rectangle will be the asymptotes (the lines which comes closer and closer
to the hyperbola).

4 29 4 11
• The equations of the asymptotes are 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + and 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 −
3 3

• Graph the hyperbola.

 Pre-Calculus 116

To wrap up everything that we have talked about in this lesson, let us try to answer
the given activities.
Thinking time

ACTIVITIES

1. Complete the table

Standard Form of General Form of Horizontal or

Center
Equation Equation Vertical

( x − 2) ( y + 1)
2 2

− =1
25 4

− x 2 + y 2 − 18 x − 14 y − 132 = 0

( x − 1) ( y + 1)
2 2

− =1 Vertical
4 10

( y − 3) ( x − 5)
2 2

− =1
49 16

9 x 2 − 4 y 2 − 90 x + 32 y − 163 = 0

2. Graph the following hyperbola in rectangular coordinate system.

( y − 2) ( x + 1)
2 2

✓ − =1
16 20

✓ −16 x 2 + 9 y 2 + 32 x + 144 y − 16 = 0

✓ 4 x 2 − 9 y 2 − 8 x + 54 y − 113 = 0
 Pre-Calculus 117

GENERALIZATIONS

✓ Hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the positive difference
between its distances from two fixed points is constant. Its eccentricity is greater than 1.
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
✓ The standard form of horizontal hyperbola with center (h, k) is − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
✓ The standard form of vertical hyperbola with center (h, k) is − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

✓ The general form of hyperbola with center (h, k) is 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0,

where A and C doesn’t have the same sign.