ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELD QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

Check Your Understanding I

1. When we rub a glass rod with silk cloth, it acquires positive charge. What does this signify?
Sol: Silk cloth loses electrons while glass rod gains electrons.
2. Two spheres A and B of exactly same mass are given equal positive and negative charges respectively.
Compare their masses after charging.
Sol: Mass of sphere A less than that of sphere B
3. Why does dust accumulate on ceiling fans?
Sol: The moving blades of ceiling fans, get charged due to friction between air and the blades. Or The
charged surface of the blades attracts dust particles from the air which keep accumulating on the
surface. Or due to static electricity.
4. Vehicles carrying inflammable material usually have metallic chains touching the ground during motion. Why?
Sol: When a vehicle moves, its body gets charged on account of friction due to air and also the charge
on account of friction between the tyres and the road. The metallic chains from the vehicle touching
the ground enable the accumulated charges to flow to earth. This would otherwise be hazardous to the
inflammable materials.
5. Ordinary rubber is an insulator. But the special rubber tyres of air crafts are made slightly conducting. Why is this
necessary?
Sol: The special rubber tyres of air crafts are made slightly conducting so that electricity generated on
account of friction between the tyres and the runway goes to earth.
6. Can a neutral body be attracted by a positively or negative charged body? If yes what is the reason
behind it?
Sol: Because delocalization of charges or for example if a positively charged body is placed very near
to neutral body without touching it, electrons in the neutral body are attracted towards positively
charged body and the positive nucleus is shifted away.
7. A charged rod P attracts a rod R whereas P repels charged rod Q. What type of force is developed between Q and
R?
Sol: If rod P is positive then rod R should be negative and Q should be positive and therefore, the
force between Q and R should be attractive. Or if P is negative then rod R should be positive and Q
should be negative and therefore, the force between Q and R should be attractive.
8. When a soap bubble is given a positive charge, then what will happen to its radius?
Sol: Its mass decreases because it loses electrons. Hence, its radius decreases.
Worked Problem
1. Suppose sphere A has a charge of -50 C and sphere B a charge of +20 C. The spheres are made of
conducting materials and are identical in size. If the spheres are touched each other and then separated,
what will be the resulting charge on each sphere?
Sol: Q  50  20  30C. The total charge will be shared equally between the spheres. Charge on each
30C
sphere   15C
2
Check Your understanding II
1. Two identical metal balls have charges +4Q and -3Q. They attract each other by a force of F. If they
are joined by a conducting wire and then separated, what will be the charge on each ball and nature of
force between them?
Q
Sol : Total ch arg e  4Q  3Q  Q. Once separated each ball will acquire and the nature of force
2
would be repulsive.
Check Your Understanding III
1. When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, charges appear on both. A similar phenomenon is

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 observed with many other pairs of bodies. Explain how this observation is consistent with the law of
conservation of charge.
Sol: When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, opposite charges appear on both, because electrons
are transferred from glass to silk. In this process, charge is not created or destroyed. It is merely
transferred from one body to another. Hence, this observation is consistent with the law of
conservation of charge.
Check Your Understanding IV
1. A body has a positive charge of 8x10-19C. What conclusion can you conclude from the statement?
(Ans: 5 electrons)
2. Can a body have a charge of 0.8×10−19 C. Justify your answer by comment? (Ans: 0.5 electrons, not
possible)
3. When two bodies A and B are rubbed each other, the body A becomes + 1C. Calculate the mass
transferred. Does the body A gain or lose the mass? (Ans: 5.69x10-12 kg (lost))
Practice Problems I
1. How many electrons are there in 1 C of charge? (Ans: 6.25x1018 electrons)
2. How many electrons are contained in 3.2x10-6 C of charge? (Ans: 2.0x1013 electrons)
3. How many electrons must be removed from an electrically neutral silver coin to give it a charge of
+2.4 C? (Ans: 1.5x1019 electrons)
4. There are two identical neutral gold coins. How many electrons should be transferred to one of the
coins to make them attract each other? The charge supplied is 3.2 C. (BHSEC 2017) (Ans: 2x1019
electrons)
5. When a piece of polythene is rubbed with a wool, a charge of 1.2x10-7 C is developed on the
polythene. What is the mass transferred on the polythene? (Ans: 6.825x10-19kg)
Check Your Understanding V
1. Two equal balls having equal positive charge are suspended by two insulating strings of equal length.
What would be the effect of the force when the plastic sheet is inserted between the two? Explain.
Sol: Plastic will obstruct the electric field lines and therefore there will be decrease in the force of
repulsion of the two balls.
2. Two charges are placed at a certain distance apart in the air. If a glass slab is introduced between them,
then what will happen to the force between the two charges? (Ans: Decreases)
Check Your Understanding VI
1. There are two point charges q1 and q2. If (i) q1q2>0 (ii) q1q2<0, what is the nature of force in each case?
Sol: (i) There product of two charges should be positive. Then both charges should be either positive
or negative. Hence repulsive force. (ii) There product of two charges should be negative. Then one of
them should be positive and the other negative. Hence attractive force.
2. Five balls, numbered 1 to 5 are suspended using separate threads. Pairs (1, 2), (2, 4), (4, 1) show
electrostatic attraction, while pairs (2, 3) and (4, 5) show repulsion. What is the nature of charge on
ball 1? (Ans: Neutral)
3. There are two charges 1 μC and 20 μC. What is the ratio of the magnitude of forces acting on them
due to their interaction? (Ans: 1:1)
4. The proton that is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom attracts the electron that orbits it. Relative to this
force, does the electron attract the proton with less, more or equal force? (Ans: Equal (Newton‟s 3rd
law of motion)
5. Coulomb‟s force between two charges is in accordance to Newton‟s third law of motion.
Justify this statement.
Sol: The force of attraction or repulsion experienced by the two charges is always equal and opposite.
Hence, it is in accordance to Newton’s third law of motion.
Practice Problems II
1. What must be the distance between point charges q1 = 26.0 μC and point charge q2 = -47 μC for the
electrostatic force between them to have a magnitude of 5.70 N? (Ans: 1.39 m)
2. A particle of charge +3.0 x 10-6 C is 12.0 cm distant from a second particle of charge -1.5x10-6 C.
Calculate the magnitude of electrostatic force between the particles. (Ans: 0.338 N)

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3. If the distance between two equal point charges is halved and their individual charges are doubled,
what would happen to the force between them? (Ans: 16F)
4. The force of attraction between two point charges at a distance r apart is F.
(a) what should be the distance apart in the same medium so that the force becomes F/3? (b) What if
 r 
force becomes 3F?  Ans: 3r and 
 3 
5. Two identical metal balls with charges +2Q and –Q are separated by some distance, and exert a force
F on each other. They are joined by a conducting wire, which is then removed. What is the force
now? (Ans: F/4)
6. A force F acts between two equal and opposite charges which are placed at a certain distance apart.
If 25% of one charge is transferred to the other then what is the new force between them? (Ans:
9F/16)
7. Two point charges +2 μC and +6 μC repel each other with a force of 12 N. If each is given an
additional charge of -4 μC, what will be new force between them? (Ans: 4N)
8. Two spherical conductors A and B carrying equal charges in them repel each other with a force F
when kept apart at some distance. A third uncharged spherical conductor C is brought in contact with
A, then brought in contact with B and finally removed away from both. What is the new force of
repulsion between A and B? (Ans: 3F/8)
9. Dema rubbed a piece of glass on a silk cloth and kept them apart at a distance of 0.01 m. Using a
special instrument, she found that the force of attraction between them was 20 N. What was the

charge developed on each piece? (BHSEC 2017) Ans : 4.7x107 C 
10. The force between two charges of 0.06 m apart is 5N. If each charge is moved (i) towards the other
and (ii) away from the other by 0.01 m, then what is the new force in each case? (Ans: 11.25N and
2.81N)
11. The force between two identical charges separated by 1 cm is equal to 90 N. What is the magnitude

of the two charges? Ans : 1.0x106 C 
12. The force of attraction of 10 N is acting between two charges of +7μC and -7μC placed apart at a
distance. If the charges are mutually touched and then placed again at the same distance, what will be
the new force acting between them? Why?
Sol: New force is zero since the net charge is zero.
Check Your Understanding VII
1. The force between two charges Q1 and Q2 is F. If another charge Q is placed between them, what will
the new force between Q1 and Q2?
Sol: Force remains unchanged (i.e. F)
2. Three electrons (e), as shown are placed at the vertices of an isosceles right-
angled triangle. Which one of the numbered vectors concides the direction
of resultant force experienced by a protron (P) palced at the mid-point of
the hypotenuse? (Ans: 4)
3. The figure shows two protons (p) and one electron (e) on an axis. What is
the direction of electrostatic force (a) on the central proton due to the
electron? (b) On the central proton due to another proton? (c) Net force on
the central proton?

Sol: (a) Towards left (i.e. towards electrons) due to attraction. (b) Towards left (i.e. towards electrons)
due to repulsion. (c) Towards left (i.e. towards electrons).
4. Consider three charges 𝑞1 , 𝑞2 and q3 each equal to q at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side l.

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 What is the force on a charge Q (with the same sign as q) placed at the centroid of the triangle? (Ans:
0)
Practice Problems III
1. Equal charges of each C are placed at x =0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 cm on x-axis. Find the force experienced
by the charge at x =2cm. (Ans: 1183.7 N)
2. Three equal charges are placed on the three corners of a square. If the force between q1 and q2 is F12
and that between q1 and q3 is F13, what is the ratio of F12/F13? (Ans: 2:1)
3. Three charges 4q, Q and q are placed in a straight line of length l at point 0, l/2 and l, respectively.
What should be Q so as to make the force on q zero? (Ans: -q)
4. A particle having charge q1 exerts force 10N electrostatic force on charge q2 at rest. If a particle having
charge q1/4 is placed midway between the line joining two charges q1 and q2 then what is the net force
on q2? (Ans: 10N)
Check Your Understanding VIII
1. A charge of magnitude 3e and mass 2m is moving in an electric field E. What is the acceleration
 3eE 
imparted to the charge?  Ans:
 2m 
2. Two parallel metal plates having charges +Q and –Q faces each other at a certain distance between
them. If the plates are now dipped into the kerosene oil tank, what will the effect on the electric field
between the plates? (Ans: decreases)
3. If an electron placed in an electric field E experiences an electrical force equal to its weight, then what
would be the magnitude of electric field? (Ans: 5.57x10-11 N/C)
4. An electron having charge „e‟ and mass „m‟ is moving in a uniform electric field E. What would be its
 eE 
acceleration?  Ans:
 m 
5. A free proton and a free electron are placed in a uniform electric field. Which of the two experiences
greater force and acceleration?
Sol: Both experience equal force but electron experiences greater acceleration.
6. How can you determine the strength of electric field by using concept of density of field lines?
Sol: The closeness of the lines is directly related to the strength of the electric field. Hence, greater the
density of electric field lines greater the strength.
Practice Problems IV
1. A school teacher is calculating the electric field using a charge and he got 50 N/C as an answer. He
halved the charge and again calculated the electric field. What will be the electric field when he halved
the charge? (Ans: 25 N/C)
2. Two charges 1C and 4C are separated by a distance of 4 cm. What is the magnitude of electric field
at the centre between the two charges? (Ans: 6.75x107 N/C)
3. How many electrons should be removed from a coin of mass 16 g, so that it may float in an electric
field of intensity 109 N/C directed upward? (Ans:9.8x108)
4. Calculate the electric field strength required to support a water drop of mass 10-7 kg and having a
charge of 1.6x10-19C. (Ans: 6.125x1013 N/C)
5. In the electric field shown in figure, the electric field lines on the left have
twice the separation as that between those on the right. If the magnitude of
the field at point A is 40 NC−1, calculate the force experienced by a proton
placed at the point A. Also find the magnitude of electric field at point
B. (Ans: 6.4x10-18 N and 20 N/C)
Check Your Understanding IX
1. The figure below shows a proton (p) and an electron (e) on an x-axis. What is the direction of the
electric field due to the electron at (a) point S and (b) point R? What is the direction of the net electric
field at (c) point R and (d) point S?

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 Sol: (a) Towards left (i.e. towards electron) (b) Towards right (i.e. towards electron) (c) Towards left
(i.e. towards electron) (d) Towards right (i.e. towards electron)
2. Three protons (P), as shown are placed at the vertices of an isosceles right-angled
triangle. Which one of the numbered vectors concides the direction of resultant
electric field at the mid-point M of the hypotenuse? (Ans: 2)
3. Two protons are placed at a certain distance part. Calculate the net electric field
at the mid-point of the two charges. (Ans: 0)
 q
4. Calculate the electric field at the mid-point of an electric dipole.  Ans: 2K 2 
 l 
Worked Problem
1. Figure shows two charged particles on x-axis: q= -3.2x10-19 C
at x= -3.00m and q =+3.2x10-19 C at x =+3.00m What are (a)
the magnitude and (b) the direction (relative to the positive
direction of the x-axis) of the net electric field produced at
point P at y = 4.00 m?
3 E
Sol: r 2  32  42  r 2  25  r  5 and cos  ;Cos  1
5 E1
 E1  E1Cos and similarly E 2  E 2 Cos
E R  E1  E 2  E R  E1Cos  E 2 Cos
 q q  q
  E1 +E 2  Cos;E R   K 2 +K 2  Cos  2K 2 Cos
 r r  r
3.2x1032 3
 2x9x109 x x  1.38x1023 N/C along -x-axis
25 5
Practice Problems V
1. Two charged particles q1= +8μC and q2 = +2μC lie along the x-axis at a distance 6.00 m apart.
Locate the point where the resultant electric field is zero. (Ans: 2 m from 2C or 4 m from 8C)
2. Two charges 2μC and 8μC are separated by 6 m. Find net electric field at a distance 2m from the
charge 8μC. (Ans: 5.625x103 N/C)
Check Your Understanding X
1. Explain why two field lines never cross each other at any point?
Sol: If they do so there will be two directions at the point of intersection which is not possible
2. Two neutral bodies A and B are rubbed together to charge them. If these charged bodies A and B are
kept at a certain distance apart, draw the electric lines of force due to these two charged bodies.
Worked Problem
1. The square surface shown in figure measures 3.2 mm on each side.
It is immersed in a uniform electric field with magnitude E= 1800
N/C and with field lines at an angle of θ = 35o with the normal to the
surface, as shown. Take that normal to be directed “outward” as
though the surface were one face of the box. Calculate the electric
flux through the surface.
Solution:
Area, A=3.2mm 3.2 mm =10.24 mm2
=10.24x10-6m2

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   180  35  145o    EAcos  1800x10.24x10 6 xcos145  0.15Nm 2 /C
Check Your Understanding XI
1. The electric flux is negative even if the electric field is positive. Justify the statement.
Sol: If the directions of electric field and area vector are antiparallel (opposite and parallel).
2. A square surface with the side L meter in the plane of the paper is
placed in a uniform electric field E (V/m) acting along the same plane at
an angle with the horizontal side of the square as shown in the figure
given below. What is the electric flux linked to the surface in units of
Vm? [BHSEC 2022] (Ans: 0)
Practice Problems VI
1. The figure below shows a Gaussian cube of face area A immersed
in a uniform electric field E that has the positive direction of the z-
axis. In terms of E and A , what is the flux through (a) the front face
(which is in the x-y plane), (b) the rear face, and (c) the whole cube?
(Ans: EA, -EA and zero)
2. Consider a uniform electric field 3x103 iˆ N / C. . What is the flux of
this field through a square of 10 cm side whose plane is making angle
of 60 degrees with the y-z plane? Represent the angle in a
diagram.(Ans: 15 Nm2/C)
3. A non-uniform electric field given by E = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj(N/C) pierces the Gaussian
cube shown in figure aside. What is the electric flux through the right face?
(Ans: 12 Nm2/C)
4. In the figure given aside, a proton is a distance d/2 directly above the centre of a
square of side d. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square?
(Ans: 5.56x10-9 Nm2/C)
5. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4 m diameter has a surface charge
density of 80.0μC/m2. What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the
sphere? (Ans: 1.64x108 Nm2/C)
Check Your Understanding XII
1. What is the electric flux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electric dipole?
Sol: Zero since the net charge of an electric dipole (+ q and – q) enclosed
by the cube is zero.
2. How does the electric flux due to a point charge enclosed by a spherical
Gaussian surface get affected when its radius is increased?
Sol: No change since electric flux solely depends on the net charge
enclosed by the surface
3. The figure shows the Gaussian surfaces. Calculate the electric flux
 2Q 3Q 
through surfaces S1 and S2.  Ans: and  
 o o 
Check Your Understanding XIII
1. Two horizontal plates are separated by a distance of 4.00 cm.
The electric potential between the plates is 12 V. A horizontal
beam of electrons, with speed of 6.50 × 106 m/s is directed
into the electric field between the plates. The electrons enter
the field 1.00 cm above the negative plate.
(a) In which direction the beam will get deflected and why?
(b) What type of path will it follow? Consider space between the plates is vacuum.
(c) What would happen to the path if the medium between the plates is filled with an oil?

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Sol:(a) Towards the positive plate because of the force of attraction.
(b) Parabolic path.
(c) The parabolic path will decrease since electric field decrease by K factor.
2. What will happen to the parabolic path of an electron inside the uniform electric field if its initial
velocity is doubled? (Ans: y/4)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The conventional direction of electric field is
A Positive to negative C No specific direction
B Negative to positive D Direction cannot be determined
2. Electric field originates at
A Positive charge C Neither positive nor negative
B Negative charge D Both positive and negative
3. Electric field terminates at
A Positive charge C Neither positive nor negative
B Negative charge D Both positive and negative
4. Which among the following statements is true with regard to electric field lines?
A Electric field lines always intersect C Electric field lines can be seen
B Electric field lines may or may not D Electric field lines never intersect
intersect
5. A field that spreads outwards in all directions is
A Linear C Weak
B Radial D Strong
6. In uniform fields, all points have _____ field strength.
A Zero C Infinity
B Same D Different
7. What happens when one material is rubbed against another?
A The material becomes electrically C The material becomes negatively
neutral charged
B The material becomes electrically D The material becomes positively
charged charged
8. Ratio of permittivity of medium to the permittivity of free space is known as
A Dielectric ratio C Dielectric constant
B Dielectric permittivity D Dielectric medium
9. A number of charges, each equal to 4C, are placed along the x-axis at x = 1 m, x = 2 m, x = 4 m, x = 8
m. The total force on a charge of 1C placed at the origin is
A 48 × 108 N C 4.8 × 109 N
B 4.8 × 108 N D 4.8 × 1010 N
10. Karma came across this expression; Q= ne and showed to you to confirm one of the properties of
electric charge. Which of the following property would you completely agree that supports the above
expression if Karma shared to you?
A Quantization of electric charge. C Conservation of electric charge.
B Additive nature of electric charge. D Charging is transference of electrons.
11. Suppose you introduce a dielectric between the two charged bodies. What will happen to Coulomb‟s
force?
A Increases by a factor of K. C Decreases by a factor of K.
B Neither increase nor decrease. D Becomes greater by a factor of K2.
12. Jigme took two identical metallic spheres of exactly equal masses. One is given a positive charge and
the other an equal negative charge through friction. What are their masses after charging?
A The masses of the positively and the negatively charged spheres are equal.
B The masses of the positively and the negatively charged spheres remain the same.
C The mass of the negatively charged sphere is more than the positively charged sphere.
D The mass of the positively charged sphere is more than the negatively charged sphere.

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13. Which one of the following is similar between electrostatic force and gravitational force? [BHSEC
2022]
A both forces are strong forces the bodies
B force can be attractive or repulsive D force is inversely proportional to the
C force depends on the medium between distance between the bodies
14. A body has a positive charge of 8x10-19C. It has
A An excess of 5 electrons C An excess of 8 electrons
B A deficiency of 5 electrons D A deficiency of 8 electrons
15. According the quantization of charge which of the following is not possible?
A +2e C +0.3 e
B -2e D -2.0 e
16. The force between 2 charges 0.0 6m apart is 5 N. If each charge is moved towards each other by 0.04
m then the force between them will become
A. 7.20 N C. 11.25 N
B. 22.50 N D. 45.00 N
17. The magnitude of electric force experienced by a charged particle in an electric field depends on
A Charge of the particle. C Velocity of the particle.
B Mass of the particle. D Direction of the electric field.
18. The electric field strength (𝐸) of a uniform electric field between two parallel metal plates of charge
(𝑄) and cross-sectional area (𝐴) is given by; .
Q QA
A E C E
εoA εo
A εoQ
B E D E
εoQ A
19. When a material medium is inserted in between the plates, the electric field strength almost becomes
negligible. What could be the dielectric constant of the material?
A Zero. C Triple.
B Double. D Infinite
20. A proton and alpha particle (helium nucleus) are located in a uniform electric field. They will
experience:
A equal forces in the same direction C equal forces in the opposite direction
B unequal forces in the same direction D unequal forces in the opposite direction
21. Quantization of charge indicates that
A charge, which is a fraction of an electron, is not possible.
B there exists a minimum permissible charge on a particle
C charge exists on particles
D a charge cannot be destroyed.
22. An electron falls from a rest through a vertical distance h in a uniform and vertically upward directed
electric field E. The direction of electric field is now reversed, keeping its magnitude the same. A
proton is allowed to fall from rest in it through the same vertical distance h. The time to fall of electron
compare to proton will be
A lesser. C equal.
B greater. D zero
23. In comparison with the electrostatic force between two electrons, the electrostatic force between two
protons is
A greater C zero
B smaller D same
24. If you reduce the distance between two charges to one-half of the original distance, the force between
them will remain the same if one of the charges is made
A one fourth C double
B four times D one-half time
25. An electron enters an electric field with its velocity in the direction of the electric lines of force. Then

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 the:
A Path of the electron will be circle. C Velocity of the electron will decrease
B Path of the electron will be parabola D Velocity of the electron will increase.
26. An electron enters an electric field with its velocity against the direction of the electric lines of force.
Then the:
A Path of the electron will be circle. C Velocity of the electron will decrease
B Path of the electron will be parabola D Velocity of the electron will increase.
27. An electron enters an electric field with its velocity perpendicular to the direction of electric lines of
force. Then the:
A Path of the electron will be circle. C Path of the electron will be helical
B Path of the electron will be parabola D Path of the electron will be hyperbola.
28. Two point charges +8q and -2q are located at x = 0 and x = L respectively. The location of a point on
the x-axis at which the net electric field due to these two point charges is zero is
A 8L C 2L
B 4L D L/4
29. A charge Q is enclosed by a Gaussian spherical surface of radius R. If the radius is doubled, then the
outward electric flux will
A Be reduced to half C Be doubled
B Remain the same D Increase four times
30. The electric field intensity which would be just sufficient to balance the weight of a particle charge -
10μC and mass 10 mg, is (Take g = 10 m/s2 ).
A 10 N/C, in an upward direction. C 10 N/C, in a downward direction
B 103 N/C, in a downward direction D 104 N/C, in an upward direction
31. Two charges are placed at a certain distance apart in the air. If a glass slab is introduced between them,
then the force between the two charges will
A Become zero C Increase
B Decrease D Remain the same
32. Two like charges q and 4q are separated by a distance r. The neutral point on the line joining them is
r C 2r from q
A from q
3 D r from 4q
2r
B from q
3
33. The distance between two point charges is increased by 10%. The force of interaction
A Increases by 10% C Decreases by 17%
B Decreases by 10% D Increases by 17%
34. A point charge is placed at the centre of the spherical Gaussian surface. The electric flux through the
surface is changed if the:
A Sphere is replaced by a cube of the same C Charge is moved off centre in the
volume original sphere
B Sphere is replaced by a cube of half D Charge is moved just outside the
volume original sphere
35. Following are the correct statements about the electrostatic force EXCEPT
A It is conservative D It also depends on the mass content of
B It is central force the body
C Electrostatic field lines never intersect
36. Which of the following is not the property of charge?
A Charge is additive C Quantization of charge
B A charge is self-destructive D Charge is conserved
37. The ratio of forces between two small spheres having a constant charge „q‟ when placed in air to when
placed in a medium of dielectric constant K, is;
A 1:K C 1:2K
B K:1 D K:2

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38. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD, as shown in the adjoining [Link] force
on the charge „Q‟ kept at the centre is:
A Zero
B Along the diagonal AD
C Along the diagonal BC
D Perpendicular to side AB

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