Solution of Problems of Chapter Three Dr. Intesar H.

Hashim ‫ميكانيك تحليلي‬

3.1 A guitar string vibrates harmonically with a frequency of 512Hz. If the

Solution:

𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 𝑤0 𝑡
𝑥̇ = 𝐴𝑤0 cos 𝑤0 𝑡 𝑥̇ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at cos(𝑤𝑡) = 1

𝑥̇ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑤0
𝑤0 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑥̇ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.002(2𝜋(512)) = 6.43 m/s 𝑤0 = 2𝜋(512)
𝑥̈ = −𝐴𝑤02 sin 𝑤0 𝑡
𝑥̈ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at sin(𝑤𝑡) = 1
𝑥̈ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴𝑤02
𝑥̈ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.002(2𝜋(512))2 = 2.07 × 104 m/s 2

Same result when use 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 𝑤0 𝑡

3.2 A piston executes simple harmonic motion with amplitude of 0.1m. If it

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝐴 sin(𝑤0 𝑡)
𝑥 = 0.1 sin(𝑤0 𝑡)
𝑥̇ = 0.1𝑤0 cos(𝑤0 𝑡)
when t=0, 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥̇ = 0.5
0.5 = 0.1𝑤0 cos(0) = 0.1𝑤0
0.5
𝑤0 = =5
0.1
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑇= = = 1.26 𝑠
𝑤0 5
3.3 A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 10Hz.
Find the displacement x at any time t for the following initial condition:
𝑡 = 0 , 𝑥 = 0.25 m , 𝑥̇ = 0.1 m/s
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Solution of Problems of Chapter Three Dr. Intesar H. Hashim ‫ميكانيك تحليلي‬

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 𝑤0 𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 𝑤0 𝑡 ……(1)
𝑥̇ = 𝐴𝑤0 sin 𝑤0 𝑡 + 𝐵𝑤0 cos 𝑤0 𝑡
from initial condition
𝑡 = 0 , 𝑥 = 0.25 m
0.25 = 𝐴 cos(0) + 𝐵 sin(0)
0.25 = 𝐴
0.1 = 𝐴𝑤0 sin(0) + 𝐵𝑤0 cos(0)
0.1 = 𝐵𝑤0
0.1
𝐵=
𝑤0
Sub 𝐴 and 𝐵 in eqn. (1)
0.1
𝑥 = 0.25 cos 𝑤0 𝑡 + sin 𝑤0 𝑡
𝑤0

𝑤0 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2𝜋(10) = 10𝜋

𝑥 = 0.25 cos(20𝜋𝑡) + 0.00159 sin(20𝜋𝑡)

3.4 A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has a velocity 𝑥̇ 1 when the
displacement is 𝑥1 and a velocity 𝑥̇ 2 when the displacement is 𝑥2 . Find the
angular frequency and the amplitude of the motion in terms of the given
quantities.
Solution:
Harmonic motion then energy is conservative
𝐸𝑘1 + 𝐸𝑝1 = 𝐸𝑘2 + 𝐸𝑝2
1 1 1 1
𝑚𝑥̇ 12 + 𝑘𝑥12 = 𝑚𝑥̇ 22 + 𝑘𝑥22
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
𝑘𝑥1 − 𝑘𝑥2 = 𝑚𝑥̇ 2 − 𝑚𝑥̇ 12
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
𝑘 (𝑥12 − 𝑥22 ) = 𝑚 (𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥̇ 12 )
𝑘 (𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥̇ 12 )
=
𝑚 (𝑥12 − 𝑥22 )

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Solution of Problems of Chapter Three Dr. Intesar H. Hashim ‫ميكانيك تحليلي‬

𝑘 (𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥̇ 12 )
𝑤0 = √ = √
𝑚 (𝑥12 − 𝑥22 )

1 1
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑥̇ 2 + 𝑘𝑥 2
2 2

𝑥 = 𝑋𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴, 𝑣 = 𝑥̇ = 0
2 1 1
𝐸 = 0 + 𝑘𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑘𝐴2
2 2

1 1 1 2
𝑘𝐴2 = 𝑚𝑥̇ 12 + 𝑘𝑥12 *
2 2 2 𝑘
2 𝑚 2 2
𝐴 = 𝑥̇ + 𝑥1
𝑘 1
(𝑥1 − 𝑥22 ) 2
2
𝐴2 = 2 2 𝑥̇ 1 + 𝑥12
(𝑥̇ − 𝑥̇ )
2 1
𝑥1 𝑥̇ 1 − 𝑥22 𝑥̇ 12
2 2
2
𝐴2 = 2 2 +𝑥 1
𝑥̇ 2 − 𝑥̇ 1
𝑥12 𝑥̇ 12 − 𝑥22 𝑥̇ 12 +𝑥12 𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥12 𝑥̇ 12
𝐴2 =
𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥̇ 12
𝑥12̇ 𝑥22 − 𝑥22 𝑥̇ 12
𝐴=√
𝑥̇ 22 − 𝑥̇ 12

3.5 A mass 𝑚 moves along the x-axis subject to an attractive force given by
17𝛽 2 𝑚𝑥/2 and a retarding force given by 3𝛽𝑚𝑥̇ , where 𝑥 is its distance
from the origin and 𝛽 is a constant. A driving force given by 𝑚𝐴 cos ωt,
where 𝐴 is a constant, is applied to the particle along the x-axis.
(a) What value of ω results in steady-state oscillations about the origin
with maximum amplitude?
(b) What is the maximum amplitude?

Solution:
(a)
−𝑘𝑥 − 𝑐𝑥̇ + 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑚𝑥̈
17
− 𝛽 2 𝑚𝑥 − 3𝛽𝑚𝑥̇ + 𝑚𝐴 cos ωt = 𝑚𝑥̈
2
17
𝑘= 𝛽2𝑚 𝑐 = 3𝛽𝑚
2
𝑐
𝛾=
2𝑚
3𝛽𝑚 3
𝛾= = 𝛽
2𝑚 2
𝑘 𝑘
𝑤0 = √ ⇒ 𝑤02 =
𝑚 𝑚

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Solution of Problems of Chapter Three Dr. Intesar H. Hashim ‫ميكانيك تحليلي‬

17 2
𝑘 𝛽 𝑚 17
𝑤02 = = 2
= 𝛽2
𝑚 𝑚 2
17 3 2
𝑤𝑟2 = 𝑤02 − 2𝛾 2 = 𝛽 2 − 2 ( 𝛽) = 4𝛽 2
2 2
𝑤𝑟 = 2𝛽

(b)
𝐹0
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑚𝛾√(𝑤02 −𝛾2 )

𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝐹0 cos ωt
𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑚𝐴 cos ωt
𝐹0 = 𝑚𝐴
17 9 17 9 34−9 25
𝑤02 − 𝛾 2 = 𝛽 2 − 𝛽 2 = ( − ) 𝛽 2 = ( ) 𝛽2 = 𝛽2
2 4 2 4 4 4
5
√𝑤02 − 𝛾2 = 𝛽
2
𝑚𝐴 𝐴 2𝐴
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 5 = 15 =
2𝑚( 𝛽)( 𝛽) 𝛽2 15𝛽2
2 2 2

3.6 For a lightly damped harmonic oscillator 𝛾 ≪ 𝜔0 show that the driving
frequency for which the steady-state amplitude is one-half the steady-state
amplitude at the resonant frequency is given by 𝜔 = 𝜔0 ± 𝛾√3

Solution:
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝛾
𝐴=
√(𝑤0 −𝑤)2 +𝛾2
1
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
1 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝛾
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2 √(𝑤 −𝑤)2 +𝛾2 0
1 𝛾
=
2 √(𝑤0 −𝑤)2 +𝛾2
(𝑤0 − 𝑤 + 𝛾 = 4𝛾 2
)2 2

(𝑤0 − 𝑤)2 = 4𝛾 2 − 𝛾 2 = 3𝛾 2
𝑤0 − 𝑤 = ∓√3𝛾
𝑤 = 𝑤0 ± √3𝛾

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