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 dy 2.2Sm(s V
at
+
Plpe taro
chan
by
(s (.92m
duo dt
X3
dt
dt conttnu
eg Apply ()
du a
toy die
Let
eleotu ce A CAt) ?Q-
nls 2.5 Vee
+ taut ulRey
ty
-Veloc a/ 2 0,g8 Deo
V -2.S-(s. 12m PAG
Dote
epshedy comtoh c'ty elo ticay natona E
time
tioy diec
flo fluid (.S
ag ct
Let
Veloc'g
 VRLOCY VECTO

dt Suid fow

ay-du Ueloaty vretor flutd fuw is

Finá velo eit A

Occeln atiou o fluid pan tee

ual tout
velocity
stea dy
Sole
vela city componuts

dt
duu
ay dv
3e 2 5 23

Veloeity compowut
dt
= 22 units
- 40 units
2 units

Local acalnato velocity vocton at C2,)

=>32 4- 401t 2 k

time at ang given in flo feld. uelo ci ty

Canvec ttue accela ha J32+ 40'+2

- 5 . 2 6 cuits

fluic flow Acoeeafon givon

=
 Wse
() (-x)- Wz
+
Sub
We
nits
W (120)
( N(1536)
Comonayt
Rotationol fioy lea Acce
2-D
eq4. Laplaa
untts 320 ay
(o)+0 Gioey)(-l0
2t + ) 4se?(-20u)
+ ayo
(t) (2)5 48
units 1S36
(o)+o +2t) >ey)(o) 4a(i2)
(-(o +
w ta) tme af Componarts
at
Slow steody equatoy continuiy tioy kora acce valws, Substtuto
e t
W w 0
7 w w
(o) t
is t
by Aned de
Nelociby
Thot
dexivotive Suc u
that
ore and Space ootion fun P.F V. * coMponouts Velocity
Now
can Sn
factio Potortial loaity Ve
 oUt PO TENTIOL
w Wy W ene
velo citg pofou ttal
( cowito nt Suuefioy
Couetaut

fune. exists, e
T veloe ty poteutial satis Ped t
i
caled nno tational.
Laplo ce euatton.
udse-vdy

- (udc 4 vds) °gulpotaral l

and fime such tot po fial
deuivatue to gue
Line of coustaut thay
veloeity comeyts igut
to that a - cos toct

deuoted Gy

flow net .

line

Flow et T+ gud olbtainet by dro wlg deie

eguipoteubial aud

) )-o (nportat aualysing

plo w
pototiel pune
+y
hota tohal innota tional * velocity compont
flow find :
/n
W taat

2
+ 2y
y
 velocit compnns
B>c y
(,4) (4s)
-40 uits
So units

V - velocity com?.

- 2y
AT = 2x
Capla Cooito
at -4 unt3
2 unds

4 f7
-24 t 2 dy

velocitg potatal un c. - s e) (
the velocity componut at te pt (4 5) shetel sthea lines
+yt 2
Seteh tho epteu ted by
Also fnd out velociy its Fluid Dynemies
at we cesidey the'ruy tot cawes fluid Pow

qiven by Stady g tluid motion t tnas. Jhis dyvarie Gelhavio is

Fluid slow
ot steody
poesiblo aralyeed bg Newtou's
Pove tat it is a Fma
tncompxibb tuie flow. Caleula te velo eitg F, + f + F, F
at pt. (23).
gravity
Copsit
F = Fa Fp t Fu Nay sto te'b eg.
?
- motioi
Fules Benoell's

(Ps) an a
d t TE is Valid lor steady flous
fom Tay lom s
fàpdsg Flowis tetms tvoy liae

wb. vontically ee tag Ps hoad

downwar el dectie,
Newtoy'
0Zletm ert moing along stean Qe
vel. homd
dA -PgdAtscos - PdA ds
the ate
Ve ntwl meto dovlee
sultayt flow fluld lowing throng h pie. Tf couists
t
JS 3 pants: conveging ports
PaA Pds dA)- Pgda ds cos D Rocal ttroot
Pdn acce lua hoy
diengig ats.
PAAdSt Jt

JP dfds Pa dA ds cos - PdA d s V v V

Dex nous
P ds

Cos 2

Ex oot diffetation av
a
J2gh
Va- at
Fulen 'B
sible Qact
P Coat oul lo w~ incomA Vo-a
Co -icient veutwiten
 VEN TORIHETER

liguid hiavier menoetey lightom Lig

hmrien iguid
So S raty ight liquid

Case 2 mano hten

with Di ffeyfie

Tu be mnomekn
U

Manomuter
Cose 4 : inclinud

h2)-)

Pilot fu Se
 So

tte UpPe end

haung ZO00'mm),lowe end
slope
?0 3

Llope Find af los

end
|9.6 Nem O.2& .7

witth ts end up worte. Ghe velocity P

fow smallea
2
lowen end 2mls. 2:
Sallo Ceat eud
head 0.35v,
Joss
Let mall end upsentet louwen
V, is velo eity at end
2m
Rowen
lo w eud
petemine
ad' i dowywart
dirac tio

Solu
h

o.6
Dia, D, > 6o0 mm
O, 28 27 m
D,
4
(962 N/en Pa. 7

P Lt h
P

O.0706 m Slop< h 30
A, D, 600n
 2.5 4 S
P 2
2 x 8|

Ca ka

A
ventui meten is proUl aed

pipelia
the

section 30 cm |48. 716/s

u- tuhe
b/

s hows
h
4 2)-(
P -30 = 352. 77
()

Coefficce g dis chae as O. 79

MM c 3377 Nen
An Onifie mela
pifersuftal leat

manoet
z)r ( Bids

Sh= (36
25cm
Data onifiee dia

do flouing thro
wate. poswe intesity at nlit, s
13.73 4 N/em
at t tars at s
a, [Link] flaw, a wme
sindet
head
Find also e
S thoat.
Veuti etey

DIMEsONAL ANALYS\S
MoDEL
J 224 Fundomeutal Dieus loy
a,

74.7 766.8S
Mos - M -
T
Time
bly in
Temnatwe- -

hoiotal Uentwiten Lig ht Zatensiy J - Can dela

and Esetic Cuyt I - Apet
oil
Co) De re ivee
60 R/s Fiad Secon dory ping lay

Manomte Take Voeity /T

Dengity ’ M/
Acceletion

Dimensje nal

homoaosegn
 Deter i
qiveu below

’ dis chng = Aea vloa

(ane atic Vigco crt
Specifie weigat
Pynamic
Mote Analys
Pugnolds odel au a supex 2one
plane
fhe susisting fna of
Can be concidered as dependant

Mn Hp duning tlight ain viscosity

wpn lengt d athcraH, velocit,
bulk modylus ot atn.
and ue
Foude rodel a ain den sity
usisting fonce in tems ot tue
Expess ta
Vaiables
V

2d

Vp
 1) (ri95
- -)

7
 a
10(«(29: TI, L
Repeating Ahoud be chogen n a

P/evL'
floo prot
geometnle propenty proprty MILyP
Cal shold wr2 in dim sion
pronty b,
Leng th, heig ht MLT (MLT) (Hr) (nc'T)
f(oor pront
velocty acaln
F(kv PU vPJ)
viscocity , dssitey
M L
Rpea tino vonl ab w for di~eusiouly b-2
Mwst haue
a -2
Sundanutal
No. 2 ee Ray leiqh Me fod
J varialu

Ste 4
rorto, dischcorge and
Po wn is
f(uid.
wt.
head,daoehge

M> 3, M,, T. dityon al aneyis Auitablo

Denve
Paramets to present fee thrst develo ped by tu
(n-m)TT ters fhrust depenas upon
AsswMo
(6-3) TT propello. speed of ain uten, dynaie
ad van ce
angulan velocity flud meduM
nas densitt elas ft city
vigcositg
wieh Can
denoted y speed
med ium
 TI,
M

at 3b-2c .- b- 2c
P

b=
at 3b-se 2

- b -2c

t k H
P= l HQ w

Buc king ham

P funciton

n=
Sub se L Valus
M=3 Cr, T)
Numb tenms

LT
 V
fluid Sea waten
M
lo30 kq l3

Fr

Reynold' Model law

Froude Modl lo 6oN

Unie Modol law kg , ?

l. 24

Fun's modol
lesatioy
Mos x ace
Mach model aw
REYNoCD V

Model
dasity is A
F pv
be tegto in windttyel,
tuul ahoud

Modal 30 m/s. fe
Deteamine
ae
fls eietauoe. Ve
Pr
kinmatie
|. 2 4 O,0(2
Stots O, ol8 stots
aln sp: 2

fr Lm
fm
 Oo12 x 3
36 Hr
Hn

0. 222
O. 2 mls

fr
Qn

364.17 xo

FROUf Q2.S

Gnavity fon o
fe
A 7.2m heigh
dis chesy xLs
dis changs
2m a

detanmie 7So0x
coustu tol
ModeO
mesions held
M0del
Detmlno po to pe

Model dineusío s

he Le L 1aho b/w motel

h na fio blw Prototype

he
,67
 aeroaw mo clel
Eh psoe dro an P ?
of Si2e o ts pro

tgtod lu woton. P sw foco

droe (a proto tap< ViscoU
Find coypon ding
dyuamic Silasni2
Take denitg
woren is 0.01 pol Se. whife vig co si tg
Stt e1 Make Reynolts
poise.

’ odel
A tlying boat lowed PVL
wate. proto t pe is Seo-
through
wate
dousity of |024 velo chy of 20 mls.
cosus pond ing Speet moele(. Also
de temiue yistouca dus nsodel. all
wistau co dw t is 600N
X

Pm
1.24

Ln = 4D
Fluid (oaode) ’ watu
Fluid (protofy e ) 3 ain
0.0001 &
Mm O. o pois e (water )
poise )24
Pn Cwatu
2.75

Vp
 Eu les nugbe Fon wave Resista
step 2 Mehe
Vp

P Po
Le xRw)

Step-/
he Frou de, Hodel Law

Va
J

Ve
Pm
Vp Pp

275S Ly
7 Vm V
Ve
l. 24
2.75 s X
Pe

2-7SS = P 5, HbSn/s

Pg namie simiasity b(w oel and pro fo t pe

(78.24)

Pe (Pu)
(78-267)
0. ol306 Ne2

O.(736 N
 Verica medel
clacrcatls
dis toted models
models (models gsonetlcrlly steila, (Lno Ap

() Dis toxted Tu of ìu as han bo

AxV
Qe
Ftutas VttioLl elieuusionl

will 4eclued. Ae ho
X
hy
Sunblyt /n model

Ve
One hoi2on tal and ahot br
Vm Neg h
Seae rafis:
B

linea horizontl din of

Pyoto type lian vete

M alel din e Model.

|S8(. l4

tirougl weih
.S ms.
dis ahng Model t o. 94 8 e/s
weis henion tal im
SO
hoxizorte?
and veytical dimsioy

I.9 ms

Pro to ty pe
(Lou
 24 ul

od
Stueiedo by uinicaly Flow ttrough pips
Construted hatio
ate od flow in protoy Pe e
enngy osses
MaxiMum
what oill be cOUA Po ndng
28.3 uns
flouw 'n model ?
Majon losses
velocity in te Model at a energ4
losses (4eicfiou) * Suddan ex paui04s
Point * Suddo Controctoy
spill woy weisboch
be
coSPondiag velo ci ty iu pro btype a) Dan Pipe Bend
formula
b) chezy's pipe fings
(Hi) Tt hydrale jup a foot MOdel
SO what will be height obs tructon ih Pipe
poto pe ?
dissiated pen lecond in nodel aDancys weishaeh Foule
/s 3.5 Nm, what 0s diesipated
energ
pet ae cond h
Rnd as
haad ocg
h frictoy

Strs
5veloat
disteibutco fonefion o Reyold s nuny
bey

Re s 2000
mojoa
min

O. o79 from 4000 to LO

Re
 depth m t Flow through ppes in Series (or) Porllo
b) Hydraule

td 22 d 23 d

neod
due to ietio
Losss head Suddey enlageet
towig at welocty
wlica
he =

i)cwzy's O. ol sto kee

Sudden onttactoy

ha o, s V,
dia 2000
Fnd
Enttun ( Aoas d wod) flo o wator the pipe is 200 2/s
aud hoad oss bue
hË 0,S y2
Tab

exit ot O. 3O M
Re
obs frucho5 A V 3 n/s
haad loas e to
Se(A-a)
Dend
kv
hh Dou cy forna
O-o79

Pe

[Link]
 So x3
h

- O , 78228 m

(6)

Mi

M 0. 3

3= 6O
NE Joors

he 66S m
Choss e mar
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