Deep Gravity Sewer – Phase 1
Tunnelling Works Scope Works and Technical Specifications
6. Contractor’s Design Requirements
6.1 Pipejacking Pipes
The precast jacking pipes shall provide ground support along the sewer profile throughout their design
life. They shall also have sufficient capacity to resist the applied loads during construction and
installation.
The design of the sewer pipes is carried out in accordance with BS EN 1997-1 (Geotechnical design -
Part 1: General rules), BS EN 1992-1-1 (Design of Concrete Structures), BS 5911-1:2002+A2:2010,
and the recommendations in the Pipe Jacking Association’s Design Guide. The following cases shall
be assessed
• Reinforced Concrete Design
- Sectional Design performed based on ground and groundwater loads, surcharges,
internal water pressures, settlement, construction loads and grouting pressures)
- Shrinkage Checks
• Jacking Force Checks (during installation)
- Jacking force required to overcome soil friction.
- Maximum jacking forces to avoid overstressing precast pipe joints.
• Pipe Flotation
- The sewer pipe is checked for its resistance to uplift in the empty condition, when
surrounded by groundwater at the maximum level.
• Handling and Lifting Check
- The sewer pipe is checked for structural forces arising from handling and lifting using
the manufacturer provided anchor points. A dynamic load factor of 2.5 is considered.
• Seismic Check
- The design strength of sewer pipes shall be assessed under the combination of the
seismic action with other loads in accordance with the ITA/AITES Seismic Design and
Analysis of Underground Structures Guideline.
63
Deep Gravity Sewer – Phase 1
Tunnelling Works Scope Works and Technical Specifications
The DGS tunnel will be constructed using pipe jacking techniques between shafts shown on Figure 1.
The pipes are to be a combined Reinforced Concrete (RC) & Reinforced Thermosetting Resin (RTR)
flow carrier pipe in accordance with the MoW Standard Specification for Construction Works
requirement for concrete protection.
Jacking pipes are used for the tunnel, shall be reinforced concrete with stainless steel collars. The size
of the pipes are proposed as 800 mm ,1000mm, 1200mm and 1800mm internal diameters and formed
of precast concrete with an RTR internal lining. The pipe joints shall be protected with double gasket
joint to prevent groundwater ingress.
The encased RTR pipe shall conform to the requirements of BS EN 14364 and BS EN 1796.
• All pipes and fittings shall have gasket spigot and socket type joints unless noted otherwise.
(MoW Module 17 Clause 3.5)
• Concrete Jacking Pipes shall comply with the provisions of BS EN 1916 and BS 5911 (MoW
Module 17 Clause 3.5) including minimum crushing loads for class 120 jacking pipes.
• Additionally, pipes and fittings shall comply with the following as appropriate: (MoW Module 17
Clause 3.5)
- Cement shall be sulphate resisting.
- Pipes shall withstand jacking loads without damage.
• All pipe work and channels shall be protected with Reinforced Thermosetting Resin as set out
in Clause 3.4 of MoW Module 17
• All pipes shall be handled, unloaded and stacked in such a manner as to prevent damage to
the pipes, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (BTS Specification for
Tunnelling Clause 206.1.)
• Pipes are to be designed for a design life of at least 100 years.
64
Deep Gravity Sewer – Phase 1
Tunnelling Works Scope Works and Technical Specifications
6.2 Steel Collars for Jacking Pipes
For jacking pipes with integral steel collars, the following table shall be used to select the joint details.
It is a requirement of BS EN 1916 published in 2002 to consider the corrosion vulnerability of mild steel
collars on jacking pipes.
Table 4 Steel band type for Gravity Sewer
65