The APA (American psychiatric association1844) (American psychological association in 1892)

Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics developed a variant of the ICD–6 that was published
in 1952.

DSM consists of three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets,
and the descriptive text.

The diagnostic classification is the official list of mental disorders recognized in DSM. Each diagnosis
includes a diagnostic code, which is typically used by individual providers, institutions, and agencies
for data collection and billing purposes. These diagnostic codes are derived from the coding system
used by all U.S. health-care professionals, known as the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth
Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM).

Diagnostic Criteria Sets

For each disorder included in DSM, a set of diagnostic criteria indicates symptoms that must be
present (and for how long) as well as a list of other symptoms, disorders, and conditions that must
first be ruled out to qualify for a particular diagnosis.

Diagnostic Criteria

 A. [Criterion A]: Description of the primary symptoms or features required for the diagnosis.

 B. [Criterion B]: Additional symptoms or features that must be present.

 C. [Criterion C]: Further specifications or criteria that help narrow down the diagnosis.

 D. [Criterion D]: Criteria related to the duration or severity of the symptoms.

 E. [Criterion E]: Exclusion criteria that specify what must not be attributed to other
conditions.

 F. [Criterion F]: Impact criteria, explaining how the disorder affects functioning in various
aspects of life.

2. Additional Information

 Specify if: Additional features or specifiers that provide more detail about the diagnosis (e.g.,
severity, type).

 Specify whether: Information about any related conditions or current status (e.g., in partial
remission).

3. Diagnostic Features

 A description of the essential characteristics of the disorder, often including examples of

symptoms or behaviors.

4. Associated Features

 Common features that are often seen in individuals with the disorder, but are not required
for diagnosis.

5. Prevalence

 Information on how common the disorder is in the general population.

6. Development and Course

 Description of how the disorder typically develops and changes over time.

7. Risk and Prognostic Factors

 Factors that may increase the risk of developing the disorder or influence its course.

8. Cultural and Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues

 Considerations for how cultural and gender factors might influence the presentation or
diagnosis of the disorder.

9. Differential Diagnosis

 Guidance on how to differentiate the disorder from other conditions with similar symptoms.

10. Comorbidity

 Information on other disorders that may co-occur with the primary diagnosis.

This structured approach helps ensure that diagnoses are accurate and consistent across different
clinicians and settings

The DSM-1, 1952, published in 1968, contained 102

DSM-II was similar to DSM-I, listed 182 disorders,

DSM–III in 1980 – introduced multiaxial system, 265 disorders in the DSM-III

DSM–III–R in 1987, 292 in the DSM-III-R

DSM–IV was published in 1994, 297 mental disorders

DSM–5 was published in 2013., nearly 300 mental illnesses,

DSM-5-TR) was published in 2022,

The Axes were categorized as such:

 Axis I: Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

 Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (now Intellectual Development
Disorder)

 Axis III: General Medical Conditions

 Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

 Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)

Dsm5 –

 from roman numeral to number 5

 axial system dropped because of confusion between medical and mental disorders
 new: neurodevelopmental disorder
 autism spectrum disorder – including pdd and aspergers
 neuro cognitive disorders for dementia
 gaming disorder
 gid to gender dysphoria

DSM-IV DSM-5

Name: Somatization Disorder Name: Somatic Symptom Disorder

Disorder Class: Somatoform Disorder Class: Somatic Symptom and

Disorders Related Disorder

DSM-IV DSM-5

1. Disorders usually first diagnosed Dropped1

in infancy, childhood, or
adolescence

2. Delirium, Dementia, and 17. Neurocognitive Disorders

Amnestic and other cognitive
disorders

3. Mental Disorders due to a Dropped1

general medical condition

4. Substance-related disorders 16. Substance-Related and Addictive

Disorders

5. Schizophrenia and other 2. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other

psychotic disorders Psychotic Disorders

6. Mood Disorders 3. Bipolar and Related Disorders

4. Depressive Disorders

7. Anxiety Disorders 5. Anxiety Disorders

8. Somatoform Disorders 9. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

9. Factitious Disorders Dropped1

10. Dissociative Disorders 8. Dissociative Disorders

11. Sexual and Gender Identity 13. Sexual Dysfunctions

Disorders
14. Gender Dysphoria
 DSM-IV DSM-5

Name: Somatization Disorder Name: Somatic Symptom Disorder

Disorder Class: Somatoform Disorder Class: Somatic Symptom and

Disorders Related Disorder

DSM-IV DSM-5

19. Paraphilic Disorders

12. Eating Disorders 10. Feeding and Eating Disorders

13. Sleep Disorders 12. Sleep-Wake Disorders

14. Impulse-Control Disorders not 15. Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct

elsewhere classified Disorders

15. Adjustment Disorders Dropped1

16. Personality Disorders 18. Personality Disorders

N/A 1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders

N/A 6. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related

Disorders

N/A 7. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

N/A 11. Elimination Disorders

N/A 20. Other Mental Disorders

N/A 21. Medication-Induced Movement Disorders

and Other Adverse Effects of Medication

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-
TR) was published in 2022. It involved more than 200 experts, the majority of whom were involved in
the development of DSM-5. In addition, four cross-cutting review groups (Culture, Sex and Gender,
Suicide, and Forensic) reviewed all the chapters, focusing on material involving their specific
expertise. A Work Group on Ethnoracial Equity and Inclusion ensure that appropriate attention to risk
factors like racism and discrimination and the use of non-stigmatizing language.
The ICD and the DSM both categorize and diagnose mental illness. Yet there are key differences
between the two. The major distinctions are:

1. The ICD covers all health conditions, both physical and mental, while the DSM only covers
mental disorders

2. The ICD is used worldwide while the DSM is primarily used in the U.S.

3. The ICD is created by the WHO; the DSM is published by the APA.
4. ICD diagnoses rely on guidelines; DSM diagnoses rely on criteria.
5. The ICD contains diagnostic codes; the DSM appropriates ICD codes
for DSM diagnoses.
6. Icd has clinical modification and dsm has text revision
7. The ICD is freely available online; the DSM is purchased as a digital
or print manual.

• The ICD-11 came into effect on January 1, 2022.

Several notable changes to mental disorders include:

• The ICD-11 added the diagnosis of ADHD.

• The ICD-11 added the diagnosis of gaming disorder.

• The ICD-11 added the diagnosis of compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

• The ICD-11 added the diagnosis complex PTSD and narrowed the definition of PTSD.

• The ICD-11 added the diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder.

• The ICD-11 no longer classifies gender incongruence as a mental disorder. It is now a

condition related to sexual health.

• The ICD-11 no longer classifies acute stress as a mental disorder. It was reclassified as a
reaction to trauma and included in the section on factors influencing health.

• The ICD-11 overhauled the way personality disorders are diagnosed. Previous categories
were replaced with the sole diagnosis of personality disorder, which is diagnosed as mild,
moderate, or severe based on six domains.

What mental health changes were made in the DSM-5?

The DSM-5 was published in May 2013. Several notable changes to mental disorders include:

• The DSM-5 eliminated the multi-axial diagnostic system that required clinicians to rate
each client according to criteria other than their main psychological disorder.

• The DSM-5 replaced the diagnoses autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder with the
overarching label autism spectrum disorder.
 • The DSM-5 established obsessive-compulsive disorders as its own group of disorders rather
than an anxiety disorder.

• The DSM-5 established as a trauma and stressor-related disorder rather than an anxiety
disorder.

• The DSM-5 replaced the diagnoses alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence with the
overarching label alcohol use disorder, characterized as mild, moderate, or severe based on
the number of symptoms present. The same goes for other diagnoses related to addiction.

• The DSM-5 changed diagnoses with stigmatizing terminology, such as replacing the
diagnosis mental retardation with intellectual disability.

• The DSM-5 removed the exception of bereavement for the diagnosis of major depressive
disorder.

• The DSM-5 added the diagnosis mild neurocognitive impairment to

categorize cognition problems in old age.

• The DSM-5 reclassified childhood disorders such as ADHD as neurodevelopmental

disorders.

• The DSM-5 added the diagnosis binge-eating disorder.

Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders

F01-F09

Mental disorders due to known physiological conditions

F10-F19

Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

F20-F29

Schizophrenia, schizotypal, delusional, and other non-mood psychotic disorders

F30-F39

Mood [affective] disorders

F40-F48

Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other nonpsychotic mental disorders

F50-F59

Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors

F60-F69

Disorders of adult personality and behavior

F70-F79
Intellectual Disabilities

F80-F89

Pervasive and specific developmental disorders

F90-F98

Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence

F99-F99

Unspecified mental disorder