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Database Management System – Study Notes

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software for creating, storing, and managing data, with examples including Oracle and MySQL. DBMS offers advantages like efficient storage, data security, and integrity, while supporting relational and NoSQL databases. Key concepts include tables, primary and foreign keys, SQL commands, normalization, and transaction properties.

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4 views3 pages

Database Management System – Study Notes

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software for creating, storing, and managing data, with examples including Oracle and MySQL. DBMS offers advantages like efficient storage, data security, and integrity, while supporting relational and NoSQL databases. Key concepts include tables, primary and foreign keys, SQL commands, normalization, and transaction properties.

Uploaded by

Pâúl Låckwìñ
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Management System – Study Notes

1. Introduction

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software used to create, store, organize,


retrieve, and manage data efficiently.

Examples of popular database systems include Oracle Database, PostgreSQL, MySQL,


Microsoft SQL Server, and SQLite.

2. Advantages of DBMS

A DBMS provides:

• Efficient data storage

• Data security

• Data consistency

• Backup and recovery

• Concurrent access

• Data integrity

• Controlled access to information

3. Types of Databases

Relational Database

Stores information in tables consisting of rows and columns.

Examples:

• Oracle

• PostgreSQL

• MySQL

• SQL Server

NoSQL Database

Designed for flexible and large-scale data storage.

Examples:

• MongoDB

• Cassandra

• Redis
4. Tables

A table consists of rows and columns.

For example, a Student table might contain:

Student_ID | Name | Department | Age

Each row represents one record, while each column represents an attribute.

5. Primary Key

A primary key uniquely identifies every record in a table.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Student (


Student_ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(100),
Age INT
);

6. Foreign Key

A foreign key establishes a relationship between two tables.

For example, a Course_ID in a Student table may reference a Course table.

7. SQL

SQL stands for Structured Query Language.

Common SQL commands include:

SELECT – retrieves data

INSERT – adds data

UPDATE – modifies data

DELETE – removes data

CREATE – creates database objects

ALTER – modifies database objects

DROP – removes database objects

8. Normalization

Normalization organizes data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Common normal forms include:


• First Normal Form (1NF)

• Second Normal Form (2NF)

• Third Normal Form (3NF)

• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

9. Transactions

A transaction is a logical unit of database operations.

Transactions follow ACID properties:

Atomicity – all operations succeed or fail together.

Consistency – data remains valid.

Isolation – concurrent transactions do not interfere incorrectly.

Durability – committed changes remain stored.

10. Conclusion

Understanding databases, tables, keys, SQL, normalization, and transactions provides


a strong foundation for application development and data management.

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