D”P gva¨wgK \ †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (cÖ_g cÎ)

4_© Aa¨vq: B-Mf‡b©Ý I mykvmb

1. Mªv‡gi evRv‡i wmqv‡gi GKwU Jl‡ai †`vKvb Av‡Q| wmqvg Zvi e¨e¯’vi d‡j G KvRwU mn‡R mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| B
Jla e¨emvi jvB‡mÝ bevq‡bi Rb¨ Jla cªkvm‡bi Kvh©vj‡q Mf‡b©‡Ý mgq evu‡P Ges Kv‡Ri LiPI K‡g| B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi myev‡`B
†M‡j `vwqZ¡iZ Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K me ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| RbMY AbjvB‡b Lye mn‡R miKv‡ii Kv‡Q wewfbœ Av‡e`b Rgv
Av‡e`b Rgv †`Iqvi wKQyw`b ci wmqv‡gi gy‡Vv‡dv‡b GKwU ¶y‡` w`‡Z cv‡i| e¨emvqxivI B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi gva¨‡g †UÛv‡i Ask
evZ©v Av‡m| Zv‡Z ejv nq, Zvi jvB‡mÝ bevq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ †bIqvmn wewfbœfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡Ki wmqvg G
n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv cªKvi nqivwb Qvov jvB‡mÝ bevqb n‡q hvIqvq ai‡bi kvmbe¨e¯’viB mydj †fvM Ki‡Qb|
wmqvg Lye Lywk| M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cªwµqvwU A_©vr B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡b wewfbœ
K. B-Mf‡b©Ý Kx? cªwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q| B-Mf‡b©Ý cªwZôv Kiv GKwU e¨qeûj I
L. MY‡fvU ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? cªhyw³MZfv‡e wKQyUv RwUj cªwµqv| miKv‡ii cªwZwU `߇ii
M. wmqv‡gi jvB‡mÝ `ªæZ bevq‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb cªwµqvwU KvR I‡qemvBU h_vh_fv‡e Pvjy ivLv e¨q I kªgeûj KvR| B-
K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| Mf‡b©ÝevÜe AeKvVv‡gv I cªhyw³cY¨ GL‡bv †ek e¨qeûj I
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cªwµqv ev¯Íevq‡bi cªwZeÜKZv Av‡jvPbv mgqmv‡c¶, hv evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi †`k¸‡jvi
Ki| Rb¨ GK weivU P¨v‡jÄ| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi
 1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  AšÍivq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AviI i‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡bU †mevi mxwgZ cwimi,
K. miKvwi Z_¨ I †mev B›Uvi‡bU Ges Iqvì© IqvBW I‡q‡ei axiMwo I AwaK g~j¨| G me mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y mevi Rb¨ B›Uvi‡bU
(www) gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv B †mev mnRjf¨ Kiv GL‡bv KwVb| `¶ Rbej msK‡Ui Kvi‡YI
Mf‡b©Ý| A‡bK †¶‡Î B-Mf‡b©Ý Pvjy ev †mev eRvq ivLv m¤¢e nq bv| G
L. ivóªxq †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q gZv‰b‡K¨i m…wó n‡j ev RbM‡Yi †`‡k we`y¨‡Zi Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e Pov g~j¨ Ges wbiew”Qbœ we`y¨r
gZvgZ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ †h †fvU MªnY Kiv nq Zv‡K MY‡fvU mieivn bv _vKv Z_¨cªhyw³ I B Mf‡b©‡Ýi cªmv‡ii c‡_ Ab¨Zg
(Referendum) ejv nq| MYZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq RbgZ evav| miKvwi cªwZôvb¸‡jvi wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Ges miKvwi I
hvPvB‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g n‡jv MY‡fvU| me©mvavi‡Yi †emiKvwi cªwZôvb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avjø‡hvMv‡hvM I mgš^‡qi Afve
AskMªn‡Y MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g mvaviYZ cÖK…Z RbgZ cªwZdwjZ B-Mf‡b©Ý cªwZôv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i| `yb©xwZcivqY Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixiv
nq| †hgb- BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb Z¨v‡Mi wel‡q weª‡U‡b wØavwefw³ B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi †¶‡Î evav| wk¶v I cªPviYvi Afv‡e
m…wó n‡j 2016 mv‡ji 23 Ryb MY‡fvU AbywôZ n‡qwQj| RbM‡Yi GKUv wekvj Ask Z_¨cªhyw³i e¨envi Ges B-Mf‡b©Ý
evsjv‡`‡k kvmK‡`i cªwZ Rbmg_©b hvPvB I miKvi c×wZ wel‡q AÁ cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi gva¨‡g miKvi I
cwieZ©b wb‡q G ch©šÍ wZbwU MY‡fvU AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤úK© `…p nq I mykvmb cªwZôvi KvR mnR nq|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Jla e¨emvqx wmqv‡gi jvB‡mÝ `ªæZ B-Mf‡b©Ý wKš‘ bvbv cªwZeÜKZvi Kvi‡Y Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n B-Mf‡b©Ý
cªwµqvwU KvR K‡i‡Q| bevq‡bi †¶‡Î B‡jKUªwbK Mf‡b©Ý‡K cªwZôvq wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| Gme cªwZeÜKZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii
ms‡¶‡c B-Mf‡b©Ý (E-governance) ejv nq| miKvwi Z_¨ I mw`”Qv QvovI RbM‡Yi AvMªn I D‡`¨vM _vKv Avek¨K|
†mev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv
B-Mf‡b©b&R| B-Mf‡b©Ý miKvwi Z_¨fvÐvi I Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ 2. 'K' GKwU Dbœqbkxj MYZvwš¿K ivóª| GB iv‡óª eûwea mgm¨v _vKv
RbMY‡K mshy³ K‡i| GQvov G cªwµqvq miKv‡ii mv‡_ m‡Ë¡I 'K' iv‡óªi miKvi RbKj¨vY I mykvmb cªwZôvi cªwZ ¸iæZ¡
e¨emvwqK cªwZôvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki miKv‡ii Z_¨ I †mev Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| miKvwi I †emiKvwi me ¯Í‡i Z_¨cªhyw³i h_vh_
Av`vb-cª`v‡bi e¨e¯’vI _v‡K| B Mf‡b©‡Ýi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii e¨envi I cª‡qv‡Mi Ici †Rvi cª‡Póv Pvjv‡”Q|
¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv A‡bKvs‡k wbwðZ nq Ges mykvmb cªwZôvi miKvi Z_¨cªhyw³ cªmv‡ii j‡¶¨ ¯‹yj-K‡j‡R Kw¤úDUvi, j¨vcUc
c_ myMg nq| weZiY Ki‡Q|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wmqvg Zvi Jla e¨emv‡qi jvB‡mÝ bevqb K. ICT-Gi c~Y©i~c Kx?
Kivi Rb¨ Jla cªkvm‡bi Kvh©vj‡q †M‡j `vwqZ¡iZ Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K L. B-Mf‡b©Ý ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
me ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| wmqvg jvB‡mÝ bevq‡bi Av‡e`b M. 'K' iv‡óªi miKvi Kx cªwZôvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q?
Rgv †`Iqvi wKQyw`b ci Zvi gy‡Vv‡dv‡b ¶y‡` evZ©vi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
Rvbv‡bv nq, jvB‡mÝ bevq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| B-Mf‡b©Ý N. 'K' iv‡óª miKv‡ii M…nxZ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b Kx Kx c`‡¶c
†bIqv
 DwPZ e‡j Zywg g‡b Ki? cvV¨eB‡qi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| Avm‡Z n‡e| B-Mf‡b©Ý PvjyB †kl K_v bq, Gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi
 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  w`‡K hZœevb n‡Z n‡e| mykvmb cªwZôvi gva¨‡g RvZxq I
K. ICT-Gi c~Y©i~c n‡jv Information and Communication AvšÍR©vwZK ‡hgb GmwWwR. Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi Rb¨ B-
Technology. Mf‡b©Ý GLb mg‡qi `vwe| †Kv‡bv †`‡ki miKvwi Kvh©µg Av‡iv
L. miKvwi Z_¨ I †mev B›Uvi‡bU Ges Iqvì© IqvBW I‡q‡ei MwZkxj Ki‡Z B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| †`‡k mykvmb
(www) gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv B- cªwZôv Ki‡Z n‡j DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ iv‡óªi miKv‡ii DwPZ n‡e B-
Mf‡b©Ý| B-Mf‡b©Ý miKvwi Z_¨fvÐv‡ii mv‡_ RbMY‡K Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi c_ †_‡K cªwZeÜK¸‡jv `~i Kiv| B-Mf‡b©Ý
e¨vcKfv‡e m¤ú…³ K‡i| Z‡e G e¨e¯’vq Z_¨ Av`vb-cª`vb †Kej e¨e¯’v‡K mdj Ki‡Z n‡j e¨vcK Rbm‡PZbZv M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡e|
miKvi I bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K bv, eis miKv‡ii mv‡_ wbR †`‡ki fvlvq cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii e¨e¯’v MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov
e¨emv cªwZôvb Ges miKv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ miKv‡ii Z_¨ I †mev Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i Ace¨envi †iva I mvBevi µvBg
Av`vb cª`v‡bi e¨e¯’vI _v‡K| Gi d‡j miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv I cªwZ‡iv‡a h_vh_ AvBb I Zvi cª‡qvM wbwðZ KivI cª‡qvRb|
Revew`wnZv wbwðZ nq Ges mykvmb cªwZôvi c_ Z¡ivwš^Z nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, B-Mf‡b©Ý e¨e¯’v ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 'K' iv‡óªi
M. DÏxc‡Ki 'K' iv‡óªi miKvi B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g mykvmb miKvi‡K RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Z_¨cªhyw³i Ávb I wk¶vi cªmvi NUv‡bvi
cªwZôvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q| B-Mf‡b©Ý ej‡Z Ggb GKwU cvkvcvwk DwjøwLZ mnvqK c`‡¶c¸‡jv MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e
kvmb cªwµqv‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b Z_¨cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g
miKv‡ii wewfbœ †mev I Z_¨ RbMY Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †c‡Z cv‡i| 3. Z_¨ cªhyw³i Kvi‡Y 'K' iv‡óª miKvwi †mevmg~n RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q `ªæZ
G ai‡bi kvmb cªwµqvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i †cŠu‡Q hv‡”Q| Z_¨ msMª‡ni Rb¨ RbMY‡K Avi †Kv_vI Qy‡U †h‡Z
m‡e©v”P e¨envi K‡i Kvh©Ki miKvi e¨e¯’v cªwZôv Kiv| B-Mf‡b©Ý nq bv| d‡j mgq I A_© mvkªq n‡”Q|
miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv evov‡bvi gva¨‡g miKvi I RbM‡Yi m¤úK©‡K K. Rb‡mev Kx?
GKwU k³ wfwËi Ici `vuo Kivq Ges mykvmb cªwZôvq mvnvh¨ L. B›Uvi‡bU ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K‡i| eZ©gvb hy‡M RbMY mn‡R I `ªæZ miKvwi †mev †c‡Z Pvq| M. 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY Kx ai‡bi e¨e¯’vi mydj †fvM Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v
miKviI Pvq Aí mg‡q AwaK †mev RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z| Ki|
ZvB eZ©gvb we‡k¦i miKvi¸‡jv mykvmb cªwZôvi Rb¨ B-Mf‡b©Ý N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨e¯’v `yb©xwZ cªwZ‡iv‡a mnvqK– Zywg wK
ev¯Íevq‡bi Ici †Rvi w`‡”Q| †Kbbv GLbKvi hy‡M B-Mf‡b©Ý GKgZ?
Qvov mykvmb cªwZôv Kiv m¤¢e bq| DÏxc‡Ki Dbœqbkxj ivóª 'K'  3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
Gi miKviI B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q| DÏxc‡K K. A‡b¨i Kj¨v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡e`‡bi gnvb eªZB Rb‡mev|
†`Lv hvq, 'K' iv‡óª eûwea mgm¨v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Gi miKvi L. B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv wek¦Ry‡o we¯Í…Z AmsL¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mgš^‡q MwVZ
Z_¨cªhyw³i e¨env‡ii cªmvi NUv‡Z ¯‹yj-K‡j‡R Kw¤úDUvi I GKwU wekvj †bUIqvK©| Gi gva¨‡g wecyj cwigvY Z_¨ I
j¨vcUc weZiY Ki‡Q| †`kwUi miKv‡ii G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM †hvMv‡hv‡Mi A‡bK myweav cvIqv hvq|
†bIqvi cªavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †`‡k mykvmb cªwZôv Kiv| Avi GUv 1969 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi jm A¨v‡Ä‡jm Gi UCLA University
Kivi GKwU Kvh©Ki Dcvq n‡jv B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevqb Kiv| ZvB of California, Los Angeles j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z B›Uvi‡b‡Ui hvÎv
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki miKvi B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g mykvmb ïiæ nq| †W¯‹Uc, j¨vcUc, †bvUeyK, U¨ve, ¯§vU©‡dvb BZ¨vw`i
cªwZôvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kiv nq| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wek¦e¨vcx
gvbyl `ªæZ, A‡c¶vK…Z Kg Li‡P Ges mn‡R G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_
N. B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 'K' iv‡óªi miKv‡ii eûwea c`‡¶c †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Z‡_¨i cªvwß I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î we‡k¦
†bIqv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡b 'K' iv‡óªi ˆecøweK cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q B›Uvi‡bU|
cªhyw³MZ †¶‡Î AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e| cªZ¨šÍ MªvgvÂj M. 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi mydj †fvM Ki‡Q|
ch©šÍ B-Mf‡b©Ý †mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi Rb¨ Z_¨‡mev †K›`ª¸‡jv B-Mf‡b©Ý n‡jv (Electronic Governance) cªhyw³wbf©i
DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cª‡qvRb n‡e h‡_ó cªhyw³ I KvwiMwi cªkvmb| ms‡¶‡c ej‡j Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i (ICT)
`¶Zvm¤úbœ gvbem¤ú`| B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡b Kw¤úDUvi I mvnv‡h¨ miKvwi †mev`vb Kvh©µg‡K B-Mf‡b©Ý ejv hvq| e¨vcK
B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM me RvqMvq mnRjf¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| mviv †`‡k A‡_© B-Mf‡b©Ý n‡jv kvmbKv‡h© ¯^”QZv I `ªæZMwZ wbwðZ Kivi
wbiew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K B- j‡¶¨ miKv‡ii wewfbœ wefv‡Mi Kvh©µ‡g wWwRUvj hš¿-miÄvg
Mf‡b©‡Ýi †mev Mªn‡Yi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| GwU ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Z_¨ cªhyw³i cª‡qvM NUv‡bv| Gi AvIZvq miKv‡ii mv‡_
miKvwi cªwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi cªwZôvb¸‡jv‡KI GwM‡q bvMwiK‡`i †hvMv‡hvM I Z‡_¨i Av`vb-cª`vb, mn‡R I `ªæZ
 bvMwiK‡`i miKvwi †mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqv Ges miKv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ K. AwaKv‡ii msÁv `vI|
iv‡óªi †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR Pvjv‡bv nq| GLb Avi †h †Kv‡bv L. cwievi Kxfv‡e RbgZ MVb K‡i?
mvaviY Z_¨ ev †mev †c‡Z mkix‡i miKvwi cªwZôv‡b nvwRi n‡Z M. DÏxc‡Ki 'K' BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µg †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi †Kvb
nq bv| d‡j bvMwiK‡`i A_© I mgq `y‡UviB mvkªq n‡”Q| B- welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Mf‡b©Ý Z_¨-cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cªkvmwbK Kg©Kv‡Ði MwZ N. Z_¨ †mev †K›`ªwU BDwbq‡b mykvmb cªwZôvq KZUyKy f~wgKv
evwo‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, K…wl, mvgvwRK wbivcËv ivL‡Q e‡j Zywg g‡b K‡iv? gZvgZ `vI|
BZ¨vw` Lv‡Z miKvi †h †mev w`‡”Q Zv RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bv  4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
mnRZi n‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b cix¶vi dj Rvbv, cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq K. AwaKvi n‡”Q bvMwiK Rxeb‡K my›`ifv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ mgvR
I K‡j‡R fwZ©i dig c~iY Kiv, †Uª‡bi wUwKU KvUv, cvm‡cv‡U©i I ivóª KZ©…K ¯^xK…Z I msiw¶Z my‡hvM-myweav|
Av‡e`b Rgv †`Iqv, miKvwi PvKwii Av‡e`b Kiv, Ki I L. cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i ga¨Kvi mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK wel‡q
cwi‡mevi wej †`Iqv, †UÛvi Rgv †`Iqv Gme KvR gvbyl mn‡RB Av‡jvPbv RbgZ MV‡b f~wgKv iv‡L| cwievi RbgZ MV‡bi GKwU
AbjvB‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evnb| cwiev‡i wcZvgvZv I Ab¨ e‡qv‡R¨ô‡`i gZvgZ
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, 'K' iv‡óªi miKvwi †mevmg~n RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q I wPšÍvfvebv wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i gb‡K cªfvweZ K‡i| cwiev‡ii
`ªæZ †cŠu‡Q hv‡”Q| Z_¨ msMª‡ni Rb¨ RbMY‡K Avi †Kv_vI Qy‡U m`m¨iv Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †`k I we‡`‡ki mvgvwRK,
†h‡Z nq bv| d‡j mgq I A_© mvkªq n‡”Q| ZvB ejv hvq, K' ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i| wkïiv
iv‡óªi RbMY B-Mf‡b©Ý Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Q| mvaviYZ cwiev‡ii e‡qv‡R¨ô‡`i ivR‰bwZK Av`k© I AvbyMZ¨‡K
N. n¨vu, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨e¯’v A_©vr B-Mf‡b©Ý `yb©xwZ cªwZ‡iv‡a AbymiY K‡i| N‡ivqv Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cwiev‡ii
mnvqK K_vwUi mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ| m`m¨‡`i ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ I `…wófw½ M‡o I‡V| G welqwU
miKvwi Kvh©µ‡gi Z_¨ I wewfbœ †mev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ MV‡bi †¶‡Î cªfve †d‡j Gfv‡e cwievi
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv B-Mf‡b©Ý| `yb©xwZ RbgZ MV‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
mykvm‡bi c‡_ eo evav| bxwZ I AvBbweiæ× AvPiYB n‡jv M. DÏxc‡Ki 'K' BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µg Avgvi cvV¨eB‡qi B-Mf‡b©Ý‡K
`yb©xwZ| B-Mf‡b©‡Ý `yb©xwZi my‡hvM A‡bK K‡g hvq| wb‡`©k K‡i|
B-Mf‡b©Ý e¨e¯’vq miKv‡ii kvmb msµvšÍ cªvq me welq wKQy B-Mf‡b©m n‡jv (Electronic Governance) cªhyw³wbf©i
¯úk©KvZi welq Qvov. RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _v‡K| d‡j iv‡óªi cªkvmb| ms‡¶‡c ej‡j Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i (ICT)
†Kv_vq Kx n‡”Q, miKvi Kx Ki‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© RbMY mn‡RB GKUv mvnv‡h¨ miKvwi †mev`vb Kvh©µg‡K B-Mf‡b©Ý ejv hvq| Gi
aviYv cvq| G Kvi‡Y Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixiv GLb Lye Kg welqB AvIZvq miKv‡ii mv‡_ bvMwiK‡`i †hvMv‡hvM I Z‡_¨i Av`vb-
RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K †Mvcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ B-Mf‡b©Ý e¨e¯’v cª`vb, mn‡R I `ªæZ bvMwiK‡`i miKvwi †mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqv Ges
Pvjy _vK‡j mvaviYZ miKvi hv Lywk ZvB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi d‡j miKv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ iv‡óªi †hvMv‡hvM Pvjv‡bv nq| GK K_vq,
cªkvmwbK Revew`wnZv I ¯^”QZv e…w× cvq Ges AvgjvZvwš¿K B›Uvi‡bU Z_v Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i ivóªxq †mev
`xN©m~wÎZv `~i nq| G Kvi‡Y Awbqg-`yb©xwZi c_ msKxY© n‡q Kvh©µg Dbœq‡bi c×wZB n‡jv B-Mf‡b©Ý|
mykvmb cªwZôvi c_ myMg nq| B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi gva¨‡g cªkvm‡bi Kv DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, 'K' BDwbq‡b B-Z_¨ †mev †K‡›`ª Z_¨ I
‡Ri Ici mn‡RB wbqš¿Y cªwZôv Kiv hvq| d‡j ¯^”Q, Db¥y³ B›Uvi‡bU †mev †`Iqv n‡”Q| B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i GjvKvevmx
cªkvm‡b Avgjv‡`i c‡¶ e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ `yb©xwZi c‡_ we‡`‡k hvIqvi wbeÜb dig c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| BDwbq‡bi
hvIqv `ytmva¨ nq| Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hvq, `yb©xwZ I‡qemvB‡U me ai‡bi miKvwi cªKí eivÏK…Z A‡_©i cwigvY I
wbg©~j Ki‡Z B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi f~wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, B- miKvwi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx‡`i bv‡gi ZvwjKv
Mf‡b©Ý `yb©xwZ cªwZ‡iv‡a mnvqK| _v‡K| G I‡qemvB‡U BDwbqbevmx Zv‡`i gZvgZ Zy‡j ai‡ZI
cvi‡Q| d‡j Zviv `ªæZ miKvwi †mev cv‡”Q| G meB B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi
4. 'K' BDwbq‡b B-Z_¨ †mev †K›`ª Pvjy Av‡Q| D³ †K‡›`ª d‡j m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b N‡i e‡m cix¶vi dj Rvbv,
BDwbqbevmx me ai‡bi Z_¨ I B›Uvi‡bU †mev †c‡q _v‡K| GLvb wek¦we`¨vjq I K‡j‡R fwZ©i dig c~iY Kiv, †Uª‡bi wUwKU KvUv,
†_‡K we‡`‡k hvevi Rb¨ wbeÜb Kiv nq| BDwbq‡bi I‡qemvB‡U cvm‡cv‡U©i Av‡e`b Rgv †`Iqv, PvKwii Av‡e`b Kiv, Ki †`Iqv,
me ai‡bi cªKí eivÏK…Z A‡_©i cwigvY I mvgvwRK wbivcËv †UÛvi Rgv †`Iqv Gme KvR gvbyl mn‡R Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| 'K'
†eóbxi AvIZvq myweav‡fvMxi bvg †`Iqv Av‡Q| gvbyl BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µ‡gI B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi †ek wKQy myweavi wPÎ dy‡U
I‡qemvB‡U Zv‡`i gZvgZ Zy‡j ai‡Z cv‡i| D‡V‡Q| myZivs ejv hvq, 'K' BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µ‡g B-Mf‡b©‡ÝiB
cªwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
N. Z_¨ †mev †K›`ªwU BDwbq‡b mykvmb cªwZôvq Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivL‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq| d‡j †Rjv ev _vbv †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wbqš¿Ygy³
e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| n‡q ¶gZv cª‡qvM K‡i| †`‡ki wbe©vwPZ ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z
mykvmb n‡”Q ¯^”Q, Revew`wng~jK Ges Kj¨vYag©x kvmbe¨e¯’v| AwaK KZ©…Z¡ bv¯Í n‡j cªkvmwbK e¨e¯’vq we‡K›`ªxKiY N‡U|
Avi G hy‡M e¨e¯’vwU ev¯Íevq‡bi Ab¨Zg gva¨g n‡”Q B-Mf‡b©Ý| M. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ iv‡óªi kvmbe¨e¯’vq B-Mf‡b©‡½i Afve
AvB‡bi kvmb, RvwZ-ag©-eY©-wjKv wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb i‡q‡Q|
AwaKvi, RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ I myi¶v, ¯^vaxb B-Mf‡b©Ý n‡jv AvaywbK cªhyw³-wbf©i kvmbe¨e¯’v| GwU Kvh©Ki
wePvi wefvM, `¶ cªkvmbe¨e¯’v, RbM‡Yi AskMªnY, Z‡_¨i Aeva Kivi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv- †gvevBj, Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, †iwWI,
cªevn, Revew`wnZv cªf…wZi mgš^‡q mykvmb M‡o I‡V| Ab¨w`‡K, †Uwjwfkb cªf…wZ| eZ©gv‡b DbœZ iv󪸇jv B-Mf‡b©Ý-Gi myweav‡K
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i gva¨‡g miKvwi †mev‡K `ªæZ I Kvh©Ki e¨vcKfv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q kvmbe¨e¯’vi gvb I `¶Zv e…w× Ki‡Q|
cš’vq bvMwi‡Ki †`vi‡Mvovq †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi GKwU cªwµqv n‡jv B kvmbe¨e¯’vq RbM‡Yi AskMªnY I gZvgZ cªKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvI
Mf‡b©Ý| G c×wZ‡Z †mev cª`v‡bi †¶‡Î †hgb `ªæZ RbKj¨vY e…w× cv‡”Q| Aeva Z_¨ cªev‡ni d‡j RbMY, miKvi I we‡ivax
wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e nq, †Zgwb ¯^”QZvi welqwUI ¯úó _v‡K| `j me©`vB ci¯úi‡K Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡Q| G‡Z cªvwZôvwbK
DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †mev †K›`ªwU Gi ev¯Íe cªgvY| MYZ‡š¿i wfZI gReyZ n‡”Q|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Z_¨‡mev †K›`ªwU B›Uvi‡bU Z_v Z_¨cªhyw³ e¨envi DÏxc‡Ki Rbve gviæ‡li ågY Kiv iv‡óªi ivóªxq I †mev Kvh©µ‡g
K‡i bvMwiK †mev RbM‡Yi KvQvKvwQ †cŠu‡Q w`‡”Q| G‡Z AbjvB‡bi e¨envi †bB| d‡j cªkvm‡bi Kg©KZ©viv mn‡RB
RbKj¨v‡Yi cvkvcvwk †mevi gvb Ges ¯^”QZv wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e `yb©xwZcivqY n‡q DV‡Q| Avevi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q miKvwi Z_¨
n‡”Q| Gfv‡e †mevKvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j BDwbq‡b Aek¨B †Mvcb Kivi d‡j miKv‡ii mv‡_ RbM‡Yi mym¤úK© eRvq _vK‡Q
mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡e| KviY mykvmb bvMwiK Kj¨vY‡K me©vwaK bv| A_©vr, DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ iv‡óªi kvmbe¨e¯’vq B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi
¸iæZ¡ †`q| Avi B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi gva¨‡g bvMwiK Kj¨vY mvwaZ nq| cy‡ivcywi Afve i‡q‡Q|
cªkvm‡bi cªwZwU ch©v‡q B-Mf‡b©Ý Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e n‡j `yb©xwZ nªvm M. B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 'K' iv‡óªi miKv‡ii eûwea c`‡¶c
cv‡i, KvRK‡g© MwZkxjZv evo‡e, `¶Zv I ¯^”QZv wbwðZ n‡e †bIqv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Ges A‡_©i mvkªq n‡e| Avi G¸‡jv mykvmb cªwZôvi c_‡K myMg B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡b 'K' iv‡óªi cªvhyw³K AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb
Ki‡e| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, 'K' BDwbq‡bi Z_¨ †mev †K›`ªwU mPj Ki‡Z n‡e| cªZ¨šÍ MªvgvÂj ch©šÍ B-Mf‡b©Ý †mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi
†_‡K †mevi gvb a‡i ivL‡j H BDwbq‡b mykvmb cªwZôvi c_ myMg Rb¨ Z_¨‡mev †K›`ª¸‡jv DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cª‡qvRb n‡e h‡_ó
n‡e| cªhyw³ I KvwiMwi `¶Zvm¤úbœ gvbem¤ú`| B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡b
Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM me RvqMvq mnRjf¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. Rbve gviæd K‡qKw`b Av‡M GKwU iv‡óª ågb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wM‡q mviv †`‡k wbiew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K
wZwb †`‡Lb, H iv‡óª ivóªxq I †mev Kvh©µ‡g AbjvB‡bi †Kvb B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi †mev Mªn‡Yi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| GwU ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
e¨envi †bB| cªkvm‡bi Kg©KZ©viv A`¶ I `yb©xwZcivqY| miKvwi cªwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi cªwZôvb¸‡jv‡KI GwM‡q
RbMY‡K miKvwi Z_¨I Rvb‡Z †`Iqv nq bv| ivóªwU‡Z miKvi I Avm‡Z n‡e| B-Mf‡b©Ý PvjyB †kl K_v bq, Gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mym¤úK© †bB| w`‡K hZœevb n‡Z n‡e|
K. B-Mf‡b©Ý Kx? mykvmb cªwZôvi gva¨‡g RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ‡hgb GmwWwR.
L. ¶gZv we‡K›`ªxKiY ej‡Z Kx †evS? Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi Rb¨ B-Mf‡b©Ý GLb mg‡qi `vwe †Kv‡bv
M. DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ iv‡óªi kvmbe¨e¯’vq Kx‡mi Afve †`‡ki miKvwi Kvh©µg Av‡iv MwZkxj Ki‡Z B-Mf‡b©‡Ýi †Kv‡bv
i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| weKí †bB| †`‡k mykvmb cªwZôv Ki‡Z n‡j DÏxc‡Ki 'K' iv‡óªi
N. ivóªwUi kvmbe¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b †Zvgvi mycvwik mg~n wjL| miKv‡ii DwPZ n‡e B-Mf‡b©Ý ev¯Íevq‡bi c_ †_‡K
 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  cªwZeÜK¸‡jv `~i Kiv| B-Mf‡b©Ý e¨e¯’v‡K mdj Ki‡Z n‡j
K. miKvwi Z_¨ I †mev B›Uvi‡bU Ges Iqvì© IqvBW I‡q‡ei e¨vcK Rbm‡PZbZv M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡e| wbR †`‡ki fvlvq cªhyw³
(WWW) gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB n‡jv B- e¨env‡ii e¨e¯’v MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcªhyw³i
Mf‡b©Ý| Ace¨envi †iva I mvBevi µvBg cªwZ‡iv‡a h_vh_ AvBb I Zvi
L. wm×všÍ MªnY I Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi ¶gZv‡K †K›`ªxf~Z bv K‡i wewfbœ cª‡qvM wbwðZ KivI cª‡qvRb|
KZ©…c‡¶i g‡a¨ e›Ub K‡i †`IqvB n‡jv ¶gZvi we‡K›`ªxKiY| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, B-Mf‡b©Ý e¨e¯’v ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 'K' iv‡óªi
we‡K›`ªxKiY cªwµqvq miKv‡ii wm×všÍ MªnY mnR nq| G cªwµqvi miKvi‡K RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Z_¨cªhyw³i Ávb I wk¶vi cªmvi NUv‡bvi
gva¨‡g †K›`ª †_‡K †Rjv ev _vbv ch©v‡q wKQy cªkvmwbK KZ©…Z¡ cvkvcvwk DwjøwLZ mnvqK c`‡¶c¸‡jv MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e|