MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
The Crime Scene
-the place where the crime is committed and physical evidence are evident
therein.
Also, Crime Scene is said to be the treasure Island.
Suggested Procedures of Crime Response
1. Means of Reporting-it refers to the methods of reporting the
crime whether it reached the station through phone call, personal
Appearance or other means.
[Link] time of report-the exact time of the report, including the
Minute must be recorded.
[Link] receiver of report-the identity of the one who received
the report must be properly noted.
[Link] time of dispatch-the time when the desk officer
dispatches the investigators is also recorded, together with
the names of the investigator, with means of transportation either by mobile car, taxi or other means.
[Link] time of arrival-the time of arrival of the investigating team at the crime scene should be noted including the
situation in the area whether it is windy, rainy, sunny or any other climate condition in the immediate area.
INITIAL STEPS INCRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
1. Cordon the crime scene.
Secure the area to keep it safe and prevent contamination.
[Link] the person who first notified the police for the purpose of questioning.
Find and keep the person who reported the crime to ask questions.
[Link] the suspect by direct inquiry of observation.
Use direct questioning or observation to identify potential suspects.
[Link] all people present at the crime scene (involved personalities).
Keep all people at the scene who might be involved for questioning.
[Link] the area by issuing appropriate orders.
Give orders to make sure the scene stays secure.
[Link] only the authorized person to enter the area.
Let only police or investigators enter the scene.
[Link] the witnesses in order to obtain independent statement.
Keep witnesses apart so their statements don’t influence each other.
[Link] not touch or move any object found in the scene.
Avoid moving or disturbing any objects to preserve evidence.
[Link] assistance from responsible persons if necessary.
Ask for more support from responsible persons if necessary.
[Link] team leader assigns the duties of the searchers if assistants are present.
The team leader gives specific tasks to searchers and helpers.
THE GOLDEN RULE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
“DO NOT TOUCH, ALTER, MOVE OR TRANSFER ANY OBJECT AT THE CRIME SCENE UNLESS IT IS PROPERLY
MARKED, MEASURED, SKETCH AND OR PHOTOGRAPHED”. The purpose of this rule is to avoid mutilation,
alteration and contamination (MAC) of the evidences found in the crime scene.
ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES OF RESPONDING OFFICERS
1. OFFICER-IN-CHARGE/TEAM LEADER - The one who directs the processing of the crime scene.
[Link] TEAM LEADER-The one who implements or executes the order/s coming from his/her superiors.
[Link]-takes photograph of all pieces of evidence that are relevant to the crime committed.
Procedure in Photographing the Crime Scene
1. General View or Long-range, taking an over-all view of the scene of the crime. It shows direction and location of
the crime scene.
2. Medium View or Mid-range, Is the taking of the photograph of the scene of the crime by dividing it into section.
This view will best view the nature of the crime.
3. Close-up View/ Range, Is the taking of individual photograph of the evidence at the scene of the crime. It is
design to show the details of the crime.
Sequential Photographs of the Crime Scene;
[Link] of the exterior of the building/ vehicle in relation to other buildings/ vehicles, roads/streets, etc.
2. Point of entry and exit outside and inside.
3. Interiors of the crime scene/ room.
4. Condition of the crime scene.
5. Area from which valuable articles were removed
6. Articles left at the scene.
7. Trace evidence, such as hairs, fibers, footprints and cigarette butts.
8. Tool marks and impressions of shoes or tire tracks.
9. Fingerprints as well as articles on which these prints may be found.
[Link]-Make sketches of the immediate, background and inside the scene of the crime.
5. MASTER NOTE TAKER-The one who writes down in short hand all observations at the crime scene such as: weather
condition, time of dispatch and time of arrival at the crime scene and other relevant data that's should be taken down
note.
6. EVIDENCE MAN-The one in charge in the collection, preservation, tagging of the articles of evidence found at the crime
scene.
7. MEASURER - Makes all relevant measurements of the scene such as: the distance of the body of the victim to the
firearm used; in motor vehicle collision, the distances of the two vehicles to the points of references.
SOME MATERIALS NEEDED IN RESPONDING TO THE SCENE
1. Searching Materials- magnifier, etc. Examples: flashlights,
2. Sketching Materials - Examples: chalk, graphing paper, sketching pad, clipboard, paperboard, pencil/ ballpen, etc.
3. Measuring Materials - Examples: compass, tape measure, ruler, etc.
4. Recording Materials - Examples: tape recorder, video recorder, etc.
5. Collecting Materials - Examples: such as cutting fliers, knife, screw device, dropper, forceps, fingerprinting
equipment, etc.
6. Preserving Materials Examples- bottles, envelopes, test tubes, evidence tags/ label, etc.
The Crime Scene Search- these includes a diligent and careful method by the investigator to recognize, identify and
preserve crime scene to include physical evidence.
THE MECHANICS OF SEACRHING THE CRIME SCENE
1. Strip Method- The searchers (A, B, and C) proceed slowly at the same
pace along the path parallel to one side of the rectangle. At the end of the
rectangle, the searchers turn and proceed back along new lanes but parallel
to the first movement.
[Link] Strip or Grid Method- Is somewhat similar to Strip Method, the
rectangle
is traversed first parallel to the bas and then parallel to the side.
[Link] Method-the investigator may proceed Inward Spiral
method one or two investigators (from the outside)
and or Outward Spiral Method one searcher (from the center).
[Link] Method-This type of searching the crime scene is applicable to areas
which are somewhat circular in size or area. The searchers shall assemble at
the center of the crime scene, then simultaneously searching the crime scene
outward.
[Link] or Sector Method - The area to be searched is divided into quadrants
and each searcher or a group of searchers is assigned to the quadrant.