1. Major Deserts of the World…………………………………………………..

02
2. Major Water Straits of the World…………………………………………03-04
3. Major Lakes of the World on the Basis of Area……………………..………05
4. Active Volcanoes of the World………………………………………………06
5. Major Winds of the World…………………………………………….…07-09
6. Ocean Currents………………………………………………….…………10
7. International Environmental Conventions and Treaties……………..…..11-12
8. Countries situated on Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn…13
9. Major Mountain Ranges of the World…………………….………..……14-15
10. Major Plateaus of the World………………………………………..……16-17
11. Major Tribes of the World……………………….………………………18-22
12. Important Keywords related to Agriculture………………..………….…23-24
13. Major Industries of the World……………………………………..…..…25-27
14. Changed Names of Countries and Cities of the World…………..…………28
15. Solar System: Miscellaneous ………………………………………...…29-31

1
 1. Major Deserts of the World
Name Location
Sahara (Libyan and Nubian desert) North Africa
Simpson, Gibson, Stuart-Stoney great Australia
Victoria, great sandy,
Nafood, hamad, Rab-Al-Khali, Saudi arab
Cabbage Mongolia and china
Kalahari Botswana (Africa)
Spindle house China (Sikyang province)
Sonoran United states and Mexico
Namib Namibia
Karakum Turkmenistan
Thar desert North-west India and east Pakistan
Somali desert Somalia
Atacama Northern Chile
Kajil kum Uzbekistan
Dast-e-lut Eastern Iran
Dast-e-kabir Southern Iran
Mojave or Mohave, sierra Nevada United states of America
Centura Peru
Patagonia Argentina

2
 2. Major Water Straits of the World
Water treaty Whom does it connect Situation
Strait of Malacca Andaman Sea and South Indonesia-malaysia
China Sea
Palak strait Gulf of Mannar and bay India - Sri Lanka
of Bengal
Sunda strait Java Sea and Indian Indonesia
Ocean
Yucotán strait Gulf of Mexico and Mexico - Cuba
Caribbean Sea
Strait of messina Mediterranean sea Italy-Sicily
Ornto strait Adriatic sea and Ionic SeaItaly - Albania
Bab-al-mandeb strait Red sea - gulf of aden Yemen-djibouti
Cook strait South pacific ocean New Zealand (North and
south Islands)
Mozambique channel Indian ocean Mozambique -
Madagascar
North channel Irish Sea and Atlantic Ireland - England
ocean
Taurus strait Arafura sea and gulf of Papua new guinea -
papua australia
Bos strait Tasman sea and south sea Australia
Bering strait Bering sea and Chukchi Alaska - Russia
sea
Bonnie - Facio Mediterranean sea Corsica - Sardinia
Bosporus strait Black sea and sea of Türkiye
Marmara
Dardenelles-strait Sea of Marmara and Türkiye
Aegean sea
Davis strait Baffin bay and Atlantic Greenland - canada
ocean
Denmark strait North Atlantic and arctic Greenland - iceland
ocean
Dover strait English channel and north England-France
sea
Strait of Florida Gulf of Mexico and United states - cuba
Atlantic ocean
Strait of hormuz Persian gulf and gulf of Oman-iran
oman

3
Hudson strait Hudson bay and Atlantic Canada
ocean
Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean sea and Spain - morocco
Atlantic ocean
Strait of Magellan Pacific and south Atlantic Chile
ocean
Makkassar strait Java sea and Celebi seaIndonesia
Tsugaru strait Sea of japan and pacific
Japan (hokkaido-honshu
ocean island)
Tartare strait Sea of japan and sea ofRussia (eastern russia-
Okhotsk sakhalin island)
Fovex strait Southern pacific ocean New Zealand (South
Island-Stewart Island)
Formosa strait South China sea - East China-Taiwan
china sea

4
 3. Major Lakes of the World on the Basis of Area
Lakes Situation
1. Caspian sea Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran
2. Superior Canada and America
3. Victoria Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania
4. Huron Canada and United States
5. Michigan United States of America
6. Great beer Canada
7. Great slave Canada
8. Eerie Canada and America
9. Winnipeg Canada
10. Ontario Canada and United States
11. Ladoga Russia
12. Balkhash kazakhstan
13. Onega Russia
14. Athavasca Canada
15. Reindeer Canada
16. Isik kul Kyrgyzstan
17. Winnipeg Canada
18. Albert Uganda and Congo
19. Manitoba Canada
20. Great salt America
21. Wood Canada and United States

5
 4. Active Volcanoes of the World
Volcano Location
Cotapaxy Ecuador
Klyuchevskaya Russia
Wrengel Mountains Alaska (United States of America)
Mauna Loa Hawaii (United States of America)
Cameroon Cameroon
Erebus Antarctica
Niragongo Democratic Republic of Congo
Iliamna Aleutian Range (United States)
Etna Sicily Italy
Mount Baker Cascade Range (United States)
Chillan Chile
Mount Nyamuragira Congo
Villarrica Chile
Mount Ruhapehu New Zealand
pork Mexico
Asama Japan
St. Helens Mountain United States of America
Ngauruhoe New Zealand
Hanwala Iceland
Vesuvius Italy (Bay of Naples)
Kilauea Hawaii (United States of America)
Stromboli Italy (Lipari Island/Mediterranean Sea)

6
 5. Major Winds of the World
Wind
 Due to horizontal variations in air pressure, air moves from high pressure area
to low pressure area. This Horizontally moving air is called wind.

Trade winds
 These are winds blowing continuously in both the hemispheres from the
subtropical high pressure zones to the equatorial low pressure zones.
 In the Northern hemisphere it flows continuously as the North-Eastern trade
wind and in the southern hemisphere as the South-Eastern trade wind.

(Westerlies)
 In Both the Hemispheres, The permanent (Westerly) winds blowing from the
subtropical low pressure zone (300-350 Latitude) towards the sub polar low
pressure zone (600-650 Latitude) are called westerly winds. In the northern
hemisphere, these winds blow from south-east to north-east and in the
southern hemisphere, these winds blow from north-west to south-east.
Polar winds
 Winds flowing from polar high air pressure to sub polar low air pressure are
called polar winds. In the northern hemisphere, their direction is from north-
east to south-west and in the southern hemisphere, their direction is from
south-east to north-west.

Chinook
 It is a red Indian word. Which means. Snow eater. It is a hot and dry wind that
blows along the eastern slopes of the rocky mountains, from southern
Colorado in the south to British Columbia, Canada in the north. Due to its
effect, snow melts and green grass grows even in winter. This is beneficial for
cattle herders, because it makes the pasture snow free.

Phone

 Like Chinook, it is a hot and dry wind that descends along the northern slope
of the alps mountains. Its greatest impact is in Switzerland. With its arrival the
snow melts and the weather becomes pleasant. And the grape crop ripens
quickly.

7
Sirocco

 It is a hot, dry and sand-filled air that moves northwards from the Sahara
desert through the Mediterranean sea and enters Italy and Spain. The rainfall it
causes here is known as blood rain, because it also brings with it the red sand
of the Sahara region.

Major local winds of the world

 Black roller: These are hot and dusty dry winds blowing in the vast plains of
north America.
 Santa Ana: This is a hot and dry wind blowing in California.
 Yoma: It is a hot and dry wind that blows similar to Santana in Japan.
 Temporal: This is the monsoon wind blowing in central America.
 Simum: Hot and dry wind blowing in the Arabian desert which causes
sandstorms and reduces visibility.
 Samun: It is a local wind blowing in Kurdistan of Iran and Iraq which is hot
and dry wind.
 Shamal: It is a hot, dry and sand-rich wind that blows in the desert areas of
Iraq, Iran and Arabia.
 Sistan: It is a strong northerly wind that blows in eastern Iran during summer.
 Haboob: These are dust storms that blow in northern Sudan which reduce
visibility. And sometimes there is heavy rainfall including thunder storm.
 Karaburan: These are dust storms that flow north-east in the Tarim basin of
central Asia.
 Koimbang: Similar to fon, there are hot and dry winds blowing in java island
(Indonesia), which damage crops like tobacco etc.
 Harmattan: This is a hot and dry wind blowing from north-east and east to
west direction in the Sahara desert, which brings dryness in the hot and humid
air of the west coast of Africa, due to which the weather becomes pleasant and
healthy. For this reason it is called doctor wind on the guinea coast.
 Brickfielder: This is a hot and dry wind blowing in Victoria state of australia.
 Nor'wester: It is a hot and dry wind that blows in northern new Zealand.
 Jonda: These are cold dry winds blowing from the Andes mountains towards
the plains in Argentina and Uruguay. It is also called cold foehn.
 Mistral: It is a cold pole which runs through the valley of the Rhone River and
affects the north-western part of the rum sea (Mediterranean sea), especially
Spain and France. With its arrival the temperature falls below the freezing
point.

8
 Bora: Like mistral, it is also a dry and extremely cold wind, which blows on
the eastern shores of the Adriatic sea. Italy and Yugoslavia are mainly affected
by this.
 Blizzard or snow storm: These are polar winds containing ice particles. It
affects the Siberian region, canada, and the united states. The local names of
blizzard in the tundra region of russia and Siberia are purga and buran
respectively.
 Pampero: These are intensely cold polar winds blowing in Argentina, Chile
and Uruguay.
 Ponant: These are cold westerly winds blowing in the Mediterranean region,
especially in the Corsica coast of Italy and Mediterranean France.
 Levanter: These are very powerful easterly cold winds blowing in southern
Spain and France.

9
 6. Ocean Currents
Major Warm Ocean Currents
Pacific ocean Atlantic ocean Indian ocean
North Equatorial Current North Equatorial Current Southern Equatorial current
Kuroshio Stream (black Southern Equatorial Mozambican current
stream of japan) current
North Pacific Flow Florida current Agulhas stream
Alaska current Gulfstream Summer monsoon flow
Sushima stream Norway stream Madagascar stream
Southern equatorial current Anti-equatorial current
East australia current (new Antilles or Antilles
south wales current) current
Anti-equatorial current Elnino current

Major Cold Ocean Currents

Pacific ocean Atlantic ocean Indian ocean
Kurile stream (Oyashibo Labrador current Western Australian current
Stream)
California stream East Greenland current Winter monsoon flow
Humboldt or Peruvian Irminger stream Somali stream
current
Antarctica flow Canary stream Southern Indian current
Okhotsk stream Falkland stream Antarctic flow

10
 7. International Environmental Conventions and Treaties
Conference Year Decision
International human 1972  Establishment of the United Nations
environment conference environment program (UNEP).
(Stockholm conference:  Decision to celebrate Environment day on 5th
Manga Carta of the June.
Environment)  The first attempt was made towards reducing
the conflict between human development and
the environment.
Helsinki Conference 1974 Protection of the marine environment.
London Conference 1975 Prohibition of disposal of garbage into the Sea.
Vienna Conference 1985 Conservation of ozone layer.
Montreal Conference 1987 The first international agreement for the protection
of the ozone layer (Montreal Protocol) was signed
on September 16, 1987. Decision to celebrate
ozone day on 16th September.
Rio Conference (Earth 1992  International cooperation for environmental
summit) development. Agenda-21 was approved.
 Establishment of the united nations framework
convention on climate change (UNFCCC).
Nairobi manifesto 1997 Effective implementation of international treaties.
Kyoto conference (Kyoto 1997 Identification of greenhouse gases and reduction of
Protocol global warming.
Decision to reduce the level by 5% from 1990
level.
(Earth+5 Conference) 2000 Role of private sector in environmental protection.
Malmö manifesto 2000 Expansion of information related to environment.
Johannesburg (Rio+10 2002 Special emphasis on sustainable development.
conference) Agreement on the establishment of the world
(earth+10 Conference) solidarity fund.
Montreal convention 2005 To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developed
(UNFFCC) countries to 1990 levels by 2012.
Nusa dua Conference 2007 It is proposed to reduce the rate of greenhouse gas
(Bali road map) Emissions to 2000 levels by 2050.
Copenhagen Conference 2009 Provision for significant reduction in Greenhouse
(Post Kyoto Protocol) gas Emissions by developed and industrialized
nations by the year 2020. Concept of low carbon
economy.
Cancun Conference 2010 Decision to Establish green climate fund.

11
Durban Conference (Cop 2011 Concept of green climate fund under the Durban
- 17) platform.
Doha Conference (Cop- 2012 Efforts to reduce Pollution under clean
18) development mechanism (CDM).
Rio +20 Conference 2012 The united nations sustainable development
(Earth-20 Conference) conference to mark two decades of the earth
summit, in which the future we want draft was
presented. Emphasis on green system.
Warsaw Conference 2013 Agreement on creating green climate fund.
(Cop-19)
Lima Conference (Cop- 2014 The world's countries agreed to commit to
20) eliminating greenhouse gas emissions by 2070.
Paris Conference (Cop- 2015 A legally binding treaty setting carbon emissions
21) targets.
Bab Ighali Conference, 2016 Proclamation of Marrakesh action for our climate
morocco (Cop-22) and sustainable development.
Bonn Conference, 2017 Fiji momentum for implementation presented.
Germany (Cop-23)
Katowice Conference, 2018 Detailed manual on the implementation of the
Poland (cop-24) Paris agreement.
Madrid Conference, 2019 Support the declaration to help countries struggling
Spain (cop-25) with climate change.
Glasgow Conference 2021 Efforts towards net zero carbon emissions were
united kingdom (cop - 26) decided and the Paris rule book was finalized.

12
 8. Countries situated on Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn
Countries Located on the Equator (Total 13)
[Link] Tom and Principe [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] of Congo [Link]
[Link] Republic of Congo [Link]
[Link] [Link]
6. Kenya [Link]
13. Brazil

Countries Located on the Tropic of Cancer (18)

1. Hawaiian Islands (United States of America) 10. Mexico
2. The Bahamas 11. Gardener
3. Mauritania 12. Niger
4. Algeria 13. Chad
5. Libya 14. Saudi Arab
6. Egypt 15. United arab emirates
7. India 16. Bangladesh
8. Myanmar 17. China
9. Oman 18. Taiwan

Countries Located on the Tropic of Capricorn (12)

1. Brazil 7. Australia
2. Paraguay 8. Madagascar
3. Argentina 9. Mozambique
4. Chile 10. South Africa
5. French Polynesia (France) 11. Tonga
6. Botswana 12. Namibia

13
 9. Major Mountain Ranges of the World
Mountain range Situation Highest point
Cordillera - de los andes West - South America Aconcagua
Sierra madre del sur Mexico Teopeque
Alps Central Europe Mount blanc
Appalachian Range Eastern united states, Mount Mitchell
Canada
Apennine Range Italy Corno grande
Cascade range Range United States, Canada Mount rainier
Alaska Range Alaska Mount mckinley
Caucasus Range Russia Elbrus
Drakensberg Range South East Africa Davanaentlenyana
Western sierra madre Mexico Nevado de colima
Scandinavian Range Western Norway Galdhopijn
Alburg Range Iran Demavand
Zagros Mountain Range Iran Jad kuh
Sierra Madre Oriental Mexico Orizawa
Western Ghats Range Western India Anaimudi
Berkhoyansk Mountain Eastern Russia Ate white meat
Range
Atlas Mountain Range North-west Africa Jewel Toubkal
Range Located in Eastern Russia Klyuchevskaya sopka
Kamchatka
Ural Mountain Range Central Russia Gora Narodnaya
Altai Mountains Range Central Asia Gora velukha
Tienshan range South central Asia Peak poveda
Trans Antarctica Antarctica Mount Vinson massif
mountains
Great Dividing Range Eastern Australia Kosciusko
category
Himalayan Range South central Asia Mount Everest
Rocky Mountain Range Western - north America Mount albert

Major Block Mountain

Mountain Countries (Continent)
Vosges France (Europe)
Black forest Germany (Europe)
Vindhya mountains India (Asia)

14
Satpura mountains India (Asia)
Sierra Nevada United states of America (North America)
Horz Germany (Europe)
Salt range Pakistan (Asia)
Ruwenzori Uganda-low congo (africa)

Highest 8 Mountains in the World

Mountain Height (Meter) Location
Mount Everest 8848.86 m. On Nepal-Tibet Border
K-2 8611 m. India (Pak occupied Kashmir)
Kanchenjunga 8586 m. On India-Nepal Border
Lhotse 8516 m. India-Tibet Border
Makalu 8462 m. Nepal-Tibet Border
Chooyu 8201 m. Nepal-Tibet Border
Dhaulagiri 8167 m. Nepal
Manaslu 8156 m. Nepal

Some Important Ocean Trough Divergence

No. Trough Depth (Meter) Situation
1. Mariana 11,033 Pacific ocean
2. Tonga 10,882 Pacific ocean
3. Mindanao 10,500 Pacific ocean
4. Atacama 8,000 Pacific ocean
5. Puerto Rico 8,380 Atlantic Ocean (Western Islands)
6. Romshe 7,254 Southern Atlantic ocean
7. Sunda 8,152 Southern Indian ocean

15
 10. Major Plateaus of the World
Name of plateau Situation
Khorat Plateau Thailand
Meseta Plateau Iberia peninsula (spain)
Chiapas Plateau South Mexico
Alaska/yukon Plateau United states of America
Great basin Plateau United states of America
Jado Plateau (This Plateau was included in the world
heritage list in 2006)
Antarctic Plateau The second largest plateau in the world
Asia minor Türkiye
Laurencia Plateau Canada
Bor borga Plateau Brazil
Taklamakan Plateau China
Malwa Plateau India
Ahaghar plateau Algeria/libya
Tassili Plateau Algeria
Kimberley Plateau Australia
Ubangi Plateau Central Africa
Bai's Plateau Angola
Adamava Plateau Nigeria
Loess Plateau China
Potwar Plateau Pakistan
Bolivian Plateau Bolivia
Montegrasso Plateau Brazil
Guyana Plateau Venezuela, guyana, suriname, french guiana
Brazilian Plateau Brazil
Patagonia Plateau Argentina
Piedmont Plateau United states of America
Colorado Plateau United states of America
Abyssinian Plateau Ethiopia
Mongolian Plateau Mongolia and china
Libyan Plateau Libya and Egypt
Central siberia Plateau Russia
Shan Plateau Myanmar (burma)
Anatolia Plateau Turkiye
Iran Plateau Iran
Ozark Plateau United states of America
Columbia Plateau United states of America
16
Meghalaya Plateau India
Chhota nagpur Plateau India
Deccan Plateau India
Pamir or Tibet Plateau Tibet (China)

17
 11. Major Tribes of the World
Tribe Residential area
Jarawa Andaman
Jawai Java (Indonesia)
Ojibwa Western part of the great Lakes region of the united states
Ona Southern Brazil
Ostyak Western siberia
Yakut Tundra region of North-Eastern siberia
Yana Northern California (USA)
Yankee New England states of the united states
Yanomamo Venezuela and Brazil
Yaqui California (USA) and Adjacent parts of Mexico
Yaruba Central-eastern guinea coast
Yuma Southwestern Andes of North America, Mexico and California
Yugur Pastoralists of north-east Asia
Unit Siberia and st. Lawrence islands of Alaska
Jambos Mixture of black and Indian of south America
Zapotec Southern Mexico
Jamie Border areas of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar
Zulu Natal province in South Africa
Juni Central part of the interior of the united states
Dembu North-western Zambia
Doga Angola
Tasmanian Tasmania island Australia
Tchambuli Papua new guinea
Tiv Coastal part of Nigeria
Tlingit Canada's northwest coast
Toda Nilgiri hills in southern India
Tangan Tangan islands in the southwestern pacific ocean
Trobriand Trobriand islands (Papua- New-Guinea)
Tungus Eastern and central siberia
Tootsie Zaire, rwanda and Burundi in Africa
Natchez South eastern part of united states
Nair Tribe living on the Malabar coast of Kerala
Uyghur Tarim basin (central asia)
Ulva Nicaragua and Honduras
Vedda Sri Lanka
Vietnamese Native of Vietnam
Bogul Western siberia
18
Negrillo These people look similar to the bushmen and pygmies found in
Africa.
Negrito Oceania and eastern islands of Asia
Nootka Red Indians living in the north-eastern coastal part of Canada
Nordic White tribe found in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and
Iceland
Nuer Sudan
Hausa Nigeria
Hopi Northwestern Arizona (United States)
Yes Red Indians living in the Olympic peninsula of the united states
Hottentot Tropical Africa
Hoopa California (united states of America)
Hutu Democratic republic of the congo (formerly Zaire), republic of
Rwanda and Burundi (Africa)
Ifugao Luzon island (Philippines)
Ink Northern part of Uganda
Their Culco valley of Peru (south America)
Inuit Eskimos of the arctic tundra
Iroquois Northeastern united states
Jabo Eastern Liberia in Africa
Jacunda Northern brazil
Abnaki They are also called abanaki Indians. They reside in the northern
part of the united states.
Aborigines They reside in Queensland, northern territory, and western Australia
of Australia.
Achua Pygmies of the democratic republic of the Congo
Aeta Mongoloids living in the mountains of the Philippines
Afikpo Aborigines of southern Nigeria
Ainu Native of japan
Algokia Red Indians living in the Ottawa river valley of Canada
Alcaluf Aborigines of southern Chile
Amerind Tribe born from the mixture of European and American tribes living
in north America
Andamanese Tribal people living in Andaman and Nicobar region of India
Arapaho Aborigines living in the eastern slope of the rocky mountains in the
united states
Arraignment Papua new guinea
Arunta Central Australia
Ashante Ghana
Aztec Central Mexico
19
Babinga Dabangi River of northern Zaire, Africa
Bantu Equatorial part of Africa
Vascus Southern France and northern spain
Basseri Iran
Batwa Pygmies of Kasai region of africa
Bedouin Desert areas of Arabia, Syria and north africa
Useless Area between the Nile river and the red sea
Bemba Zambia
Savage Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia
Bindiboo Western Australia
Blackfoot Northwestern united states and southwestern Canada
Bora Southeastern Colombia and adjacent areas of brazil
Bushman Kalahari desert of Africa
Buryats Central Asia
Cherokee They are also called Cherokee Indians. They reside in the south-
eastern part of the united states.
Cheyanni Also known as Cheyenne Indians, this tribe lives in the rocky region
of the northern and central united states.
Chiliat Coastal region of southeast Alaska
Chono Southern chile
Chukchi Siberian American people who inhabit the Chukchi peninsula.
Cree Eastern part of Canada south of Hudson bay
Creek They are also called creek Indians. They reside in the Florida region
of the united states.
Dahomey Dahomey in Africa
Danny Western Irian (Indonesia, New Guinea)
Delaware Northwestern part of the united states
Dike Borneo (kalimantan)
Dobuan Melanesian islands in the pacific ocean
Dravid Southern India
Eskimo Northern Canada, Greenland, Alaska and eastern siberia
Fellah Agricultural laborer in Egypt (Nile river valley)
Finn Finland (European tundra) and pampas region
Flathead Rocky mountain region of the northern united states
Fox South of the great lakes in the united states
Puffed up Sudanese people of African negro Mediterranean mongoloid mixture
Fulani Northern Nigeria and surrounding areas
Gabon Gabon (Africa)
Gaucho Uruguay and Argentina
Giriyaama Northern tanzania
20
Pygmy Dwarf people of Equatorial Africa
Pokomo Bedouin people in Kenya (africa)
Caquichua Borneo and intermediate areas
Kung Tribe inhabiting the Omatako River valley in South Africa
Kiowa Mississippi river valley (United States)
Khirgiz Steppe part of Asia
Coaca Inhabitants of the Solomon islands in Melanesia
Kubu Sumatra (indonesia)
Kumaso Kyushu island (japan)
Kulaman Southern Mindanao (Philippines)
Kurdish Animal-herding farming tribe living in the plateau region of iran,
Iraq, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Kwakiuti North-eastern coast of canada
Brought Chin hills of Myanmar
Laps European tundra (southern Scandinavia and Northern russia)
Magujava Niger (west africa)
Maori New zealand
Maring New guinea
Masai Kenya, northern tanzania and eastern uganda
Massachusetts North-eastern coast of the united states
Maya Mexico and Guatemala
Menominee The southern part of the great lakes region of the united states
Mi'kmaq South-east coast of canada
Miskito Nicaragua and Honduras
Mohawk New York state of the united states and adjacent parts of canada
Mongol Native of Mongolia
Mulatto A mixture of white and black races living in south africa
Nambukara Brazilian red Indians
Gumuz Ethiopia (africa)
Papua Native of papua (new guinea)
Penobscot Red Indians living in the northeastern part of the united states
Samoan Inhabitants of the island of Samoa in Polynesia
Samoyed Western siberia
Semang Malaysia
Tatar Siberia
Tasade Mindanao island of the Philippines
Wallabiri Central australia
Washo In the western united states, on the border of California and Nevada
Zinc Cape province of Africa
Yaghan Southern Chile
21
Hadza Tanzania
Haida Canada's northwest coast
Haisla Coquintal people of British tribe
Haka Plains of the yellow river (Hwang ho)
Pride Southern china, Assam, Myanmar and Thailand
Sioux North-eastern part of the united states and adjacent parts of canada
Siriona Bolivia (south America)
Subanan Philippines
Swahili Zanzibar and surrounding areas
Han Native of china
Henoon Islands of the central Philippines
Kachin Highlands of northern Myanmar
Infidel Inhabitants of southern African grasslands
Camasin Samoyed people living in the upper reaches of the Yenisei river in
siberia
Kamba Bedouin people of central Kenya
Karakalpak Turkish tribe living near the Aral sea
Kikuyu East Africa (farming tribe of Kenya)
Polynesian Polynesians

22
 12. Important Keywords related to Agriculture
Viticulture Production of grapes on a commercial scale.
Pisciculture or Fish farming activity done on a commercial scale.
Aquaculture
Sericulture The process of silk production, which also includes the
cultivation of mulberry etc.
Horticulture Production of various types of fruits on commercial
scale.
Oliviculture Commercial olive farming
Arboriculture Cultivation of special types of trees and shrubs, which
also includes their conservation and promotion.
Apiculture Beekeeping for honey production on commercial scale.
Floriculture Commercial flower farming.
Silviculture Activities related to conservation and promotion of
forests.
Vegetable culture Early primitive agriculture by early humans in south-east
asia.
Namericulture Primitive system of agriculture, in which fruits, flowers
and tubers are collected from forests.
Oleariculture Commercial cultivation of vegetables spread on land.
Mariculture The act of producing marine organisms for commercial
purposes.
Horsiculture Rearing of advanced breeds of horses and mules on
commercial level.
Pomology Fruit science.
Aeroponic Growing plants in air.
Moriculture Mulberry cultivation for silkworm.
Vermiculture Earthworm rearing to increase agricultural production.

Shifting Agriculture of the World and Their Areas

Name Area
Ray vietnam and laos
tawny malagasy
Masole Central Africa (Congo, Zaire River
Valley region)
fang equatorial African countries
logan West Africa
barbeque Conul/Mexico, Comille
milpa Central America, Yucatan and
23
 Guatemala
Ichaali guadeloupe
dinjuna sumatra
milpa Mexico and Central American countries
konuko Venezuela and Brazil
chetmini Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe
cangin Philippines
tungya or togya Myanmar (Burma)
Chenna Sri Lanka
ledang Java and Malaysia
Tamarai or Tural Thailand
huma or hua Java and Indonesia

Various Revolutions and Related Areas

Green Revolution Agricultural production
White Revolution Milk production
Blue Revolution Fish production
Pink Revolution Lobster production
Golden Filament Jute production
Revolution
Evergreen green Doubling agricultural production and sustainable
Revolution agriculture.
Contact revolution Establishing long distance rail links
Amrit kranti River linking plan
Krishna revolution For self-reliance in the field of mineral oil
Brown revolution Non-conventional energy production
Rainbow revolution Total revolution related to agriculture (prescribed in
the new agricultural policy)
Golden revolution Fruit production (horticulture)
Silver revolution Egg production
Round revolution Potato production
Red revolution Meat/tomato production
Yellow revolution Production of sunflower and other oil seeds

24
 13. Major Industries of the World
Cement Production Region
China Shanghai, yanqiang, huang ching, fushun, shenyang,
qiyang, liuzhou, lanzhou, urumqi, chongqing
India Andhra Pradesh, rajasthan, madhya Pradesh, karnataka,
gujarat, and tamil nadu
Japan Hitachi, hachinohe, niigata, koriyama, ube, fufuoka,
kitakyushu, osaka, nagoya, tokyo
Turkey Sasun, van, bursa, erzurum, sivas, malatya, ćorum,
maresin, balıkesir, izmir
Thailand In cham saraburi
Saudi arab In tabuk, buraydoh, al hufuf, al dammam, riya, abba,
jizan, jeddah, yanbul, bahr
Usa Pennsylvania, Texas, California, new York, Michigan
European countries England, Belgium, Germany, Russia France, Italy Spain
Poland, Greece, Portugal
Brazil Belo horizonte, porto alegre, salvador
Argentina Catamarca, san juan, córdoba, mendeza, buenos aires
Mexico Torreón, monterrey, culiacan, pueva-de-zaragoza, ciudad,
Mexico city, potosí, saint-louis, guadalajara
Egypt Alexandria, cairo, suez, almania aluxur

Major Automobile Manufacturing centers

United States of Detroit, Lansing, Pontiac, Villaron, Flint, Ohio, Toledo,
America Cleveland, Indiana, South Bend
great Britain Coventry, Greater London, Birmingham, Oxford, Falkirk,
Coventry (Detroit of Britain).
India Gurugram, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Jamshedpur
Japan Kawaguchi, Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Hiroshima and Koromo
Brazil Rio-de-Janeiro, Campinas, Sao-Paulo
Australia Sydney, Zealand, Melbourne, Geelong
Yugoslavia Maribor, Juliana, Karlovac
Hungary budapest
romania Bucharest
Poland Lublin, Warsaw
Germany Wolfburg, Bremen, Hanover, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Russelheim,
Frankfurt, Kassel, Stuttgart, Nuremberg.
France Villecourt, Fleurmont, Pilanes, Nantes, Mont Billiard, Le Havre
and Bordeaux.
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 Major Aircraft Manufacturing centers
Australia Melbourne, Parafield, Bankstown, Brisbane
India Bangalore, Hyderabad, Nashik, Koraput, Korba
China Shenyang, Beijing Harbin.
Japan Tokyo area (Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanazawa), Kobe
(Osaka-Kyoto area), Nagoya area.
Italy Savona, Neurin, Trento Gorizia, Sweden, Borage,
Linköping.
France Paris, Amiens, Saint-Quentin, Reims, Saint-Nazare,
Nantes, Bordeaux, Toulhous Talbus
united kingdom Greater London, Hampton, Southampton, East Kiev
the Soviet Union Kiev, Kharkov, Rostov, Siberia (Krastroyarsk,
Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Leninsk, Stalinsk).
Previous Moscow and Gorky, Chelyabinsk, Kazan, Betsk, Saratov.
Canada Ontario, Montreal
United States of Los Angeles, San Diego, Dallas-Fort Worth, Seattle,
America Baltimore, Wood ridge, New Jersey, Detroit, Chicago,
Milwaukee, Cleveland, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Indiana.

Major Oil Refineries

United States of Texas, California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois,
America Indiana, Oklahoma, Massachusetts, Kansas and Ohio
Caribbean country Amue, Capadón in Venezuela, Pointe-Appear, Pointefortín
and Brighton in Trinidad and Barrancas and Bermaza in
Colombia.
Western Europe France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Netherlands
former Soviet Baku, Maikop and Grozny, Batum Odessa, Kharesan,
Union Saratov, Syzran, Krasnoyarsk, Orsk
South-Western Asia Abadan, Ras Tanura, Mina Saud Mila Abdullah, Haifa,
Sidon, Tripoli, Baghdad, Kirkuk, Gomel, Khanaqin and
Kermanshah.
India Digboi, Trombay Visakhapatnam, Noonmati Barauni,
Koyli, Kochi, Chennai, Haldia, Mathura, Panipat,
Mangaluru, Numaligarh.

Major Shipbuilding centers of the World

United Kingdom southampton, portsmouth, aberdeen, dundee, belfast
Japan Osaka, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama
USA New Hampshire, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago,
Milwaukee, Ohio, New Orleans, Houston, San Francisco, Los
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 Angeles, Seattle,
Russian Nikolayev, Odessa, Rostov, Sevastopol, Murmansk, St.
Federation Petersburg, Leningrad, Vladivostok
Germany Stalin, Rostock, Lübach, Kiel and Hamburg, Bremen, Lübach,
Rendsburg
France Marseille, Dunkirk, Brest, Lorient, Toulon
Italy Genoa, Naples, Trieste, Cevennes, Rome, Messina, Venice,
Palermo
Netherlands Rotterdam, Amsterdam, North
Sweden Copenhagen
Norway oslo stavenge bergen
China Shanghai, Tientsin, Dairen
India Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Mumbai, Goa

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 14. Changed Names of Countries and Cities of the World
Current name Old name Present Old name
Botswana Bechuwanaland Malaysia Malaya
Belize British honduras Bangladesh East pakistan
Benin Damohi Patna Patna
Taiwan Formosa Java Suvarnadweep and
yavadweep
Thailand Siam Myanmar Burma
Kinshasa Leopoldville Malagasy Madagascar
Harare Salisbury Zaire Republic of congo
Ethiopia Abyssinia Allahabad Prayagraj (prayag)
Ghana Gold coast Varanasi Banaras or kashi
Netherlands Holland Istanbul Constantinople or
constantinople
Lesotho Vasutoland Zimbabwe Southern rhodesia
Malawi Nyasaland Zambia Northern rhodesia
Iraq Mesopotamia Djibouti French somaliland,
Iran Persia Cambodia Kampuchea,
khmer
Hawaiian islands Sandwich islands Chennai Madras
Suriname Dutch singing St petersburg Leningrad
Ho-chi-minh-city Saigon Kozhikode Calicut
Japan Nippon Malawi Nyasaland

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 15. Solar System : Miscellaneous
Facts Related to Sun
Minimum distance from earth 14.70 crore km.
Maximum distance from earth 15.21 crore km.
Mean distance from earth 14.96 crore km.
Diameter of the sun 13,92,000 km.
Volume 13 Million times more than earth
Mass 3,32,000 Times that of earth
Plane gravity 28 Times that of earth
Central density 150 grams per cubic cm.
Chemical composition Hydrogen – 71%, helium 26.5% other
elements – 2.5%
Photosphere heat About 60000c (Surface temperature)
Center temperature 15 Million Degrees Celsius
Heat of sun spots 15000c
Energy emissions 1026 joules/second (1026j/s)
Central pressure 1 billion atmospheres
Rotation period 25.38 days (Relative to the equator)
35 days (Relative to the poles)
Age of sun 5 Billion years (Approximately)
Expected lifespan of a normal star 10 Billion years (Approximately)
Time taken for light to reach earth 8 Minutes 16 seconds
from sun
Speed of sunlight 3*103 m/s (3 lakh km/second)
1 light year (distance covered by 9.461*1012 km.
sunlight in one year)
1 parsec 3.26 Light years (Largest unit of distance)

Earth: Important Facts

Shape Geoid
Axial diameter 12,714 km.
Equatorial diameter 12,756 km.
Polar circumference 40,008 km.
Equatorial circumference 40,075 km.
Mass 5.97*1024 kg
Aquatic part 71%
Terrestrial part 29%
Volume 10.83 * 1011 cubic km.
Average density 5.52 (relative to the density of water)
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Estimated age of Earth 4.6 billion years
Surface area 51.1 crore square km.
Cruise time 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds
Rotation time 365 days 5 hours 48min 46s
Rotation speed 29.8 km/s
Length of rotation path 96 crore km.
Minimum distance from sun 14.70 crore km.
Maximum distance from the sun 15.21 crore km.
Mean distance from sun 14.96 crore km.
Time taken for light to reach earth from 8 minutes, 16 seconds
sun
Distance from the moon 3,84,000 km.
Highest altitude of land above sea level 8,848.80 m. (Mount Everest)
Greatest depth of ocean from sea level 11,033 m. (Mariana Trench)

Important Facts related to Planets

Nearest planet to the Sun Mercury
Nearest planet to Earth Vesper
Hottest planet Vesper
Planet farthest from the Sun Varun
Largest Planet Jupiter
Smallest Planet Mercury
Most dense Planet Earth
Brightest Planet Vesper
Red Planet Fortunate
Morning Star Vesper
Evening Star Vesper
Earth's Twin Planet Vesper
Ringed Planet (Ringed Planet) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune
Planet with Longest year Varun
Planet with Shortest year Mercury
Planet with Highest Temperature difference Mercury
Planet with Most Satellites saturn
Green Planet Arun
Planet with Fastest Rotation speed on Axis Jupiter
Planet with Lowest rotation speed Vesper
Planet with uniform Revolution and Rotation Vesper
Period
Planet with day length equal to earth Fortunate
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Planet with earth's axial tilt Fortunate
Planet with earth's Rotation Period Fortunate
Planet rotating from East to West Venus and Uranus
Fastest rotating Planet Mercury
Slowest orbiting Planet Varun
The planet on which sunrise occurs in the west. Venus and Uranus

(Target for IQ - 7500110314)

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