DefiniteIntegrals [260 marks]

All lengths in this question are in metres.

Consider the function f (x) = √

4−x2
8
, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2. In the following diagram, the shaded
region is enclosed by the graph of f and the x-axis.

A container can be modelled by rotating this region by 360˚ about the x-axis.

1a. Find the volume of the container. [3 marks]

Water can flow in and out of the container.

 Water can flow in and out of the container.
The volume of water in the container is given by the function g (t), for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 , where t is
measured in hours and g (t) is measured in m 3. The rate of change of the volume of water in the
container is given by g ′ (t) = 0.9 − 2.5 cos (0.4t2 ).

The volume of water in the container is increasing only when p < t < q.

1b. Find the value of p and of q. [3 marks]

1c. During the interval p < t < q, he volume of water in the container increases by k m3. [3 marks]
Find the value of k.

When = 0, the volume of water in the container is 2.3 m 3. It is known that the
1d. When t = 0, the volume of water in the container is 2.3 m 3. It is known that the [5 marks]
container is never completely full of water during the 4 hour period.

Find the minimum volume of empty space in the container during the 4 hour period.

1 1
Let f (x) = , for x > 2
.
√2x−1

2a. Find ∫ (f (x))2 dx. [3 marks]

Part of the graph of f is shown in the following diagram.

2b. Part of the graph of f is shown in the following diagram. [4 marks]

The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the lines x = 1 and x = 9 .
Find the volume of the solid formed when R is revolved 360° about the x-axis.

( )=6 2 −3
 Let f (x) = 6x2 − 3x. The graph of f is shown in the following diagram.

3a. Find ∫ (6x2 − 3x) dx. [2 marks]

3b. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the lines x = 1 [4 marks]
and x = 2 .

Let g(x) = −(x − 1) 2 + 5.

 Let g(x) = −(x − 1) 2 + 5.

4a. Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of g. [1 mark]

Let f(x) = x 2. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f.

The graph of g intersects the graph of f at x = −1 and x = 2.

4b. On the grid above, sketch the graph of g for −2 ≤ x ≤ 4. [3 marks]

Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g.

4c. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. [3 marks]

Let f (x) = sin (ex ) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5. The following diagram shows the graph of f .

5a. Find the x-intercept of the graph of f . [2 marks]

The region enclosed by the graph of , the y-axis and the x-axis is rotated 360° about
5b. The region enclosed by the graph of f , the y-axis and the x-axis is rotated 360° about [3 marks]
the x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid formed.

Let f(x) = x2 − x, for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .

The graph of f crosses the x-axis at the origin and at the point P(1, 0).

6a. Show that f ′ (1) = 1. [3 marks]

The line L is the normal to the graph of f at P.

 The line L is the normal to the graph of f at P.

6b. Find the equation of L in the form y = ax + b. [3 marks]

The line L intersects the graph of f at another point Q, as shown in the following diagram.

6c. Find the x-coordinate of Q. [4 marks]

Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of and the line .
6d. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f and the line L. [6 marks]

Let f(x) = 6 − ln(x2 + 2), for x ∈ R. The graph of f passes through the point (p, 4), where
p > 0.

7a. Find the value of p. [2 marks]

The following diagram shows part of the graph of .

7b. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f . [3 marks]

The region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the lines x = −p and x = p is rotated
360° about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.

Let f(x) = x2 . The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .

The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the point A(−k, k2 ), and intersects the x-axis at
point B. The point C is (−k, 0).

8a. Write down f ′ (x). [1 mark]

Find the gradient of .

8b. Find the gradient of L. [2 marks]

8c. Show that the x-coordinate of B is − k2 . [5 marks]

Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in terms of .

8d. Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in terms of k. [2 marks]

The region is enclosed by , the graph of , and the -axis. This is shown in the following
 The region R is enclosed by L, the graph of f , and the x-axis. This is shown in the following
diagram.

8e. Given that the area of triangle ABC is p times the area of R, find the value of p. [7 marks]

Note: In this question, distance is in metres and time is in seconds.

9. Note: In this question, distance is in metres and time is in seconds. [6 marks]

A particle moves along a horizontal line starting at a fixed point A. The velocity v of the particle,
2t2−4t
at time t, is given by v(t) = t2−2t+2
, for 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 5. The following diagram shows the graph of v

There are t-intercepts at (0, 0) and (2, 0).

Find the maximum distance of the particle from A during the time 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 5 and justify your
answer.

( ) = e− ( ) = −3 ( ) + 1
 Let f(x) = xe−x and g(x) = −3f(x) + 1.
The graphs of f and g intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.

10a. Find the value of p and of q. [3 marks]

Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of and .
10b. Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. [3 marks]

All lengths in this question are in metres.

 All lengths in this question are in metres.
Let f(x) = −0.8x2 + 0.5, for −0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5. Mark uses f(x) as a model to create a barrel.
The region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, the line x = −0.5 and the line x = 0.5 is
rotated 360° about the x-axis. This is shown in the following diagram.

11a. Use the model to find the volume of the barrel. [3 marks]

11b. The empty barrel is being filled with water. The volume V m3 of water in the barrel [3 marks]
after t minutes is given by V = 0.8(1 − e−0.1t ). How long will it take for the barrel to
be half-full?

⩽ ⩽
 The following diagram shows the graph of f(x) = 2x√a2 − x2 , for −1 ⩽ x ⩽ a, where a > 1
.

The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the origin, O. The point P(a, b) lies on L.

12a. (i) 2a2−4x2 [6 marks]

Given that f ′ (x) = , for −1 ⩽ x < a, find the equation of L.
√a2−x2

(ii) Hence or otherwise, find an expression for b in terms of a.

The point Q( , 0) lies on the graph of . Let be the region enclosed by the graph of and
 The point Q(a, 0) lies on the graph of f . Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of f and
the x-axis. This information is shown in the following diagram.

Let AR be the area of the region R.

2 3
12b. Show that AR = 3
a. [6 marks]

Let be the area of the triangle OPQ. Given that = , find the value of .
12c. Let AT be the area of the triangle OPQ. Given that AT = kAR , find the value of k. [4 marks]

Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = 3 ln(x + 1), for x > −1.

13a. Solve f(x) = g(x). [3 marks]

13b. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. [3 marks]

Let = ( ), for −0.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5. The following diagram shows the graph of ′, the derivative
 Let y = f(x), for −0.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5. The following diagram shows the graph of f ′ , the derivative
of f .

The graph of f ′ has a local maximum when x = 2, a local minimum when x = 4, and it
crosses the
x-axis at the point (5, 0).

14a. Explain why the graph of f has a local minimum when x = 5. [2 marks]

Find the set of values of for which the graph of is concave down.
14b. Find the set of values of x for which the graph of f is concave down. [2 marks]

14c. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C . [5 marks]

The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is 6.75.
Given that f(0) = 14, find f(6).

The following diagram shows the shaded regions , and .

14d. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C . [6 marks]

The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is 6.75.
2
Let g(x) = (f(x)) . Given that f ′ (6) = 16, find the equation of the tangent to the graph of g at
the point where x = 6.

15. Let f ′ (x) = 6x2 − 5. Given that f(2) = −3, find f(x). [6 marks]
16. Let f(x) = cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. The following diagram shows the graph of f . [8 marks]
There are
π 3π
x-intercepts at x = 2
, 2.

3π
The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the line x = b, where b > 2
, and the x-
axis. The area of R is (1 − ).
√3
2
Find the value of b.

Consider a function , for 0 ≤ ≤ 10. The following diagram shows the graph of ′, the
 Consider a function f , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 10. The following diagram shows the graph of f ′ , the
derivative of f .

The graph of f ′ passes through (2, − 2) and (5, 1), and has x-intercepts at 0, 4 and 6.

17a. The graph of f has a local maximum point when x = p. State the value of p, and [3 marks]
justify your answer.

17b. Write down f ′ (2). [1 mark]

Let ( ) = ln( ( )) and (2) = 3.

17c. Let g(x) = ln(f(x)) and f(2) = 3. [4 marks]
Find g ′ (2).

a
17d. Verify that ln 3 + ∫2 g ′ (x)dx = g(a), where 0 ≤ a ≤ 10. [4 marks]

The following diagram shows the graph of ′, the derivative of .

17e. The following diagram shows the graph of g ′ , the derivative of g. [4 marks]

The shaded region A is enclosed by the curve, the

x-axis and the line x = 2, and has area 0.66 units2 .
The shaded region B is enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 5, and has area
0.21 units2 .
Find g(5).

The following diagram shows the graph of ( )= x

, for 0 ≤ ≤ 4, and the line
18. The following diagram shows the graph of f(x) = x
x2+1
, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4, and the line [6 marks]
x = 4.

Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the line x = 4.
Find the area of R.

The following diagram shows the graph of a function f . There is a local minimum point at A,
where x > 0.

The derivative of f is given by f ′ (x) = 3x2 − 8x − 3.

19a. Find the x-coordinate of A. [5 marks]

The -intercept of the graph is at ( 0, 6). Find an expression for ( ).

19b. The y-intercept of the graph is at ( 0, 6). Find an expression for f(x). [6 marks]
The graph of a function g is obtained by reflecting the graph of f in the y-axis, followed by a

translation of ( ).
m
n

Let
f(x) = x2 .

20a. Find ∫ 2 (f(x))2 dx. [4 marks]

1

20b. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f . [2 marks]

The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 2.
Find the volume of the solid formed when R is revolved 360∘ about the
x-axis.

a 1
21. Let ∫π cos 2xdx = , where π < a < 2π. Find the value of a. [7 marks]
2

Let
2x
f(x) = .
x2 +5

22a. Use the quotient rule to show that f ′ (x) = 10−2x2 [4 marks]
2 .
(x2+5)
22b. Find ∫ 2x [4 marks]
x2+5
dx.

22c. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f . [7 marks]

The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, and the lines x = √5 and x = q.
This region has an area of ln 7. Find the value of q.

Let
f(x) = 5 − x2 . Part of the graph of
f is shown in the following diagram.

The graph crosses the

x-axis at the points
A and
B.

23a. Find the x-coordinate of A and of B. [3 marks]

23b. The region enclosed by the graph of f and the x-axis is revolved 360∘ about the x- [3 marks]
axis.
Find the volume of the solid formed.

Let
 Let
(ln x)2
f(x) = 2
, for
x > 0.

24a. Show that f ′ (x) = ln x [2 marks]

x .

24b. There is a minimum on the graph of f . Find the x-coordinate of this minimum. [3 marks]

Let
g(x) = 1x . The following diagram shows parts of the graphs of
f ′ and g.

The graph of
f ′ has an x-intercept at
x = p.

24c. Write down the value of p. [2 marks]

24d. The graph of g intersects the graph of f ′ when x = q. [3 marks]

Find the value of q.

24e. The graph of g intersects the graph of f ′ when x = q. [5 marks]

Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the graph of g and the line x = p.
1
Show that the area of R is 2
.

Consider a function
f(x) such that
∫16 f(x)dx = 8.

25a. Find ∫ 6 2f(x)dx. [2 marks]

1

6
25b. Find ∫ 6 (f(x) + 2) dx. [4 marks]
1

Let
f(x) = (x − 1)(x − 4).

26a. Find the x-intercepts of the graph of f . [3 marks]

26b. The region enclosed by the graph of f and the x-axis is rotated 360∘ about the x- [3 marks]
axis.
Find the volume of the solid formed.

27. Let f(x) = ∫ 12 5

2x−5 dx ,x> . The graph of f passes through ( 4, 0) . [6 marks]
2

Find f(x) .

The following is the graph of a function

f , for
0≤x≤6.

The first part of the graph is a quarter circle of radius

2 with centre at the origin.

28a. (a) 2 [7 marks]

Find ∫0 f(x)dx .

(b) The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, the y-axis and the line
x = 6 . The area of this region is 3π .
6
Find ∫2 f(x)dx .

28b. Find ∫ 2 f(x)dx . [4 marks]

0

28c. The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, the y-axis and the line [3 marks]
x = 6 . The area of this region is 3π .
6
Find ∫2 f(x)dx .
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