Molality: Moles of solute/mass of solvent
Molarity: Moles of solute/volume of solution
● Slope = ΔT / m (molality) = kf x i
● Salt - MgCl_2
1. What is the experiment objective?
a. Determine the freezing point depression constant of water of MgCl2 And calculate
molality of solutions.
2. Describe the experiment(s) being conducted to address the criteria for completion
a. Steps that will be followed during the experiment
i. Put on safety goggles and don PPE as needed.
ii. Measure out 10 mL deionized water into a 4 beakers
iii. Using a balance, weigh and add 0.1g of MgCl2. You may have some
variation but that is ok. If that is the case, round to the nearest tenth.
iv. Mix the solute into the solvent with stirring stick (for MgCl2)
v. Using a balance, weigh and add 0.2g of MgCl2.
vi. Repeat step 4
vii. Using a balance, weigh and add 0.3g of MgCl2.
viii. Repeat step 4
ix. Using a balance, weigh and add 0.4g of MgCl2.
x. Repeat step 4
xi. In order to make a cooling bath, use a 500 mL and 100mL beaker, with the
larger beaker containing icewater, as well as rock salt. The rock salt will
be used to bring the temperature below zero.
xii. Prepare a beaker with deionized water and place it in the ice bath mixture.
Ensure that the ice bath is below 0 degrees C.
xiii. Using a temperature probe, find the freezing point of the beaker filled with
deionized water. This is the point in which you will notice that the solution
turns to a solid.
xiv. Record the freezing point of the deionized water
xv. Use the temperature probe and the beaker of solution (MgCl2 + H2O)
inside the ice bath to find the freezing point of the solution
xvi. Record the freezing point of the solution
xvii. Subtract the freezing point of the solution from the freezing point of the
deionized water to find our Delta T
xviii. Now we know our Delta T. Plug in T into equation 1 (listed below).
Assume kf = 1.86 degrees C/mol
xix.
b. Names of chemicals used and estimation of the amount
i. 10 mL of H2O (deionized)
ii. 0g of MgCl2
iii. 0.1g of MgCl2
iv. 0.2g of MgCl2
v. 0.3g of MgCl2
vi. 0.4g of MgCl2
c. Any equipment
i. Safety goggles/appropriate PPE, Beakers, Pipettes, Temperature probe,
Calorimetry, balance, weigh boat, stirring stick, temperature probe
d. Any equations or balanced chemical reactions
e. How the results would relate to the experimental objective
i. Using the results from determining the freezing point and van’t hoff factor
of MgCl2, it would relate to the experimental objective because we would
be able to see how effective MgCl2 is as a deicer, and its ability to lower
the freezing point of water, as well as its enthalpy of dissolution. This
would be done through using deionized water and MgCl2 to determine its
ability to lower the freezing point of the water, as well as producing and
interpreting graphs to determine the van’t Hoff factor.
3. Waste/Hazard management
a. This chemical is not considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard.
Day 1 summary
We wanted to identify the van’t hoff factor of the Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and determine its
freezing point of depression. We measured various concentrations of Magnesium Chloride +
deionized water. After, we submerged them in an ice bath and recorded the temperature at
which they froze. Assume Kf of water = 1.86 degrees C per m, then i= 3.23. Assume i of (MgCl2
= 3), then Kf = 2.00 degrees C per molality.