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Module 4

Module 4 focuses on Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC), a crucial step in SAR image generation that aligns signal energy from targets into a single range bin. The process involves reading range compressed data, applying FFT in the azimuth direction, and calculating pixel offsets to correct for range migration. The output is written to 'rcmc.dat' for further use in azimuth compression.

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2 views3 pages

Module 4

Module 4 focuses on Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC), a crucial step in SAR image generation that aligns signal energy from targets into a single range bin. The process involves reading range compressed data, applying FFT in the azimuth direction, and calculating pixel offsets to correct for range migration. The output is written to 'rcmc.dat' for further use in azimuth compression.

Uploaded by

ayushgodhani003
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 4 – Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC)

(Note: THIS MODULE IS NOT VERIFIED. IT IS OBSERVED THAT WITHOUT


RANGE MIGRATION, THE IMAGE IS BETTER FOCUSSED). PLEASE TRY TO USE
range_compressed.dat as [Link] so you can skip this module.

Program to run: ‘RCMC.m’


Functions used : -

Input : \module_3\range_compressed.dat

Output : \module_6\[Link]

Description :
Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) is a defining step for Range Doppler
Algorithm and is a very important step in SAR image generation. The signal energy from a point
target follows a trajectory in the two dimensional SAR data, these signals are migrated back to a
constant range cell called range migration correction. This part of the module is performed on the
range compressed data and is done in range-doppler domain (azimuth FFT domain). Range
compressed data ‘range_comperssed.dat’ is read from module 3 and the output ‘[Link]’ is
written to module 6 where it will be put to use.

Explanation :

RCMC:

Due to variation of range between the radar and a target, all the reflected signals from
that target doesn’t come in the same range bin and follow a hyperbolic trend in azimuth direction
called Range Cell Migration (RCM). To compress signal energy in azimuth direction we need to
align signal energy within a single range bin where range bin depends on the range at which
point target is in the centre of antenna beam. This is done by process RCMC. RCMC is also
performed in patch-wise manner. The data is converted into azimuth frequency domain (Range-
Doppler domain) by applying FFT in azimuth direction. The frequency shift and offset are
calculated in subsequent steps finally giving a pixel offset value. After shifting the data, it is
written into a file ‘[Link]’ used for azimuth compression.

Pixel size R=c/2fs


Pixel offset n(t) = RCM(t)/R
𝑣2𝑡 2
= 𝑓𝑠
𝑟0 𝑐
𝜆𝑟0
For stripSAR t = 𝑓
2𝑣 2 𝑑
By substituting in the above equation in RCM(t)

𝑣2 𝜆𝑟0 2 𝜆2 𝑟0
RCM(fd ) = (2𝑣 2 𝑓𝑑 ) = 𝑓𝑑2
2𝑟0 8𝑣 2
n(fd) = RCM(fd)/R
𝜆2 𝑟0
∆𝑛(𝑓𝑑 ) = 𝑓𝑠 𝑓𝑑2 This gives sample shift from with azimuth
4𝑐𝑣 2

For ERS-1, one pixel is RCMC and for ALOS-1, more than 7 pixels

The offset is calculated for each pixel to place it into correct position. As the squinted range is a
function of doppler centroid frequency, so the migration for each pixel is also a function of
frequency shift which depends on frequency resolution Δf. Offset is calculated for each range
and azimuth bin using the above equation.

If the doppler centroid (fDC ) is not zero, replace fd with (fd - fDC )

The pixel shift is fractional; interpolation ( sinc/ spline/ linear/ cubic) is required for RCMC
correction.

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