Coordinate Geometry & Triangle Similarity -

Complete Solutions

SECTION A: BOARD QUESTIONS (Q1–Q25)

Q1
Midpoint of (a, 4) and (2, 2b) is (2, 6).
 
a + 2 4 + 2b
, = (2, 6)
2 2

a+2 4 + 2b
= 2 ⇒ a = 2, =6⇒b=4
2 2
a+b=2+4=6 6

Q2
Divide A(−2, 2) and B(2, 8) into 4 equal parts.

3A + B 2A + 2B A + 3B
P1 = = (−1, 3.5), P2 = = (0, 5), P3 = = (1, 6.5)
4 4 4

(−1, 3.5), (0, 5), (1, 6.5)

Q3
y-axis divides (5, −6) and (−1, −4). Let ratio k : 1.

k(−1) + 1(5)
x= =0⇒k=5
k+1
5(−4) + 1(−6) 13
y= =−
5+1 3
 
13
5 : 1, 0, −
3

1
Q4
Parallelogram ABCD: A(6, 1), B(p, 2), C(9, 4), D(7, q). Midpoint of AC = midpoint of
BD:    
6+9 1+4 p+7 2+q
, = ,
2 2 2 2
p = 8, q = 3
−→ −−→
Check rectangle: AB = (2, 1), BC = (1, 2), dot = 4 ̸= 0 ⇒ not rectangle.

p = 8, q = 3, not a rectangle

Q5
Midpoint of A(3, 4) and B(k, 6) is P (x, y), x + y − 10 = 0.
 
3+k 3+k
P = ,5 ⇒ x = ,y = 5
2 2

3+k
+ 5 − 10 = 0 ⇒ k = 7
2
7

Q6
√ √
Center (2a, a − 7), passes through (11, −9), diameter 10 2 ⇒ radius 5 2.
p √
(11 − 2a)2 + (−9 − a + 7)2 = 5 2

(11 − 2a)2 + (−a − 2)2 = 50

5a2 − 40a + 125 = 50 ⇒ a2 − 8a + 15 = 0 ⇒ a = 3 or 5
a = 3 or 5

Q7
A(1, −4), midpoints of sides through A are (2, −1) and (0, −1). B(3, 2), C(−1, 2).
1
Area = |1(2 − 2) + 3(2 + 4) + (−1)(−4 − 2)| = 12
2

12 sq. units

Q8
P (3/4, 5/12) divides A(1/2, 3/2) and B(2, −5). Let ratio k : 1.

2k + 1/2 3 1
x= = ⇒k=
k+1 4 5

1:5

2
Q9
Area of quadrilateral A(−4, 8), B(−3, −4), C(0, −5), D(5, 6). Shoelace:
1
Area = |71 − (−73)| = 72
2

72 sq. units

Q10
A(3, 4), B(5, −2), AP = P B, area △P AB = 10. P lies on perpendicular bisector of AB:
x 1
y= −
3 3
Area condition:

|6x + 2y − 26| = 20 ⇒ 3x + y = 23 or 3x + y = 3

Solving:
(7, 2) or (1, 0)

Q11
∠B = ∠E, ∠F = ∠C, AB = 3DE. Two angles equal ⇒ similar. Not congruent.

Similar, not congruent

Q12
P Q ∥ XY ∥ BC, AP = 2, P X = 1.5, BX = 4, QY = 0.75. AB = 7.5. Using similarity:
4 7
AQ = AC, AY = AC
15 15
AQ + 0.75 = AY ⇒ AC = 3.75
AQ = 1, CY = 2 ⇒ AQ + CY = 3
3 cm

Q13
△ABC ∼ △P QR, AB = 6, BC = 4, AC = 8, P R = 6. Scale factor = P R/AC = 6/8 =
3/4.
3 3
P Q = (6) = 4.5, QR = (4) = 3
4 4
P Q + QR = 7.5
7.5 cm

3
Q14
QR QT
Given QS
= PR
and ∠1 = ∠2.
QR QS
= , ∠P QS = ∠T QR
QT PR

△P QS ∼ △T QR (SAS)

Q15 & Q19

AB, BC, median AD proportional to P Q, QR, median P M .
AB BC AD
= = =k
PQ QR PM
BD
Since D, M midpoints, QM
= k. In △ABD and △P QM :

AB/P Q = BD/QM = k, ∠ABD = ∠P QM

⇒ △ABD ∼ △P QM ⇒ ∠ABC = ∠P QR. Hence △ABC ∼ △P QR (SAS).

△ABC ∼ △P QR

Q16
P A, QB, RC ⊥ AC, P A = x, QB = y, RC = z. From similar triangles:
y AB y BC
= , =
x AC z AC
y y 1 1 1
+ =1⇒ + =
x z x z y
Proved

Q17
DE ∥ BC, AD = 2, BD = 3, BC = 7.5.
AD DE 2 DE
= ⇒ = ⇒ DE = 3
AB BC 5 7.5
3 cm

Q18
AD ⊥ BC, AD2 = BD · DC.
AB 2 = AD2 + BD2 , AC 2 = AD2 + DC 2
AB 2 + AC 2 = 2AD2 + BD2 + DC 2 = BD2 + DC 2 + 2BD · DC = (BD + DC)2 = BC 2
⇒ ∠BAC = 90◦ (converse Pythagoras).

Proved

4
Q20
P Q ∥ AC, BP = 4, AP = 2.4, BQ = 5.

BP BQ 4 5
AB = 6.4, = ⇒ = ⇒ BC = 8
BA BC 6.4 BC

8 cm

Q21
XZ ∥ BC, AZ = 3, ZC = 2, BM = 3, M C = 5. AC = 5, BC = 8. △AXZ ∼ △ABC:

AZ XY 3 XY
= ⇒ = ⇒ XY = 4.8
AC BC 5 8

4.8 cm

Q22
P Q ∥ BC, P B = 6, AP = 4, AQ = 8.

AP AQ 4 8
AB = 10, = ⇒ = ⇒ AC = 20
AB AC 10 AC

20 cm

Q23
QN ⊥ P R, P N · N R = QN 2 .

P Q2 = P N 2 + QN 2 , QR2 = N R2 + QN 2

P Q2 + QR2 = P N 2 + N R2 + 2P N · N R = (P N + N R)2 = P R2
⇒ ∠P QR = 90◦ .
Proved

Q24
△ABC ∼ △P QR, ∠A = 31◦ , ∠R = 69◦ . ∠C = ∠R = 69◦ , ∠B = 180 − 31 − 69 = 80◦ .

80◦

Q25
BF BD
DE ∥ AC, DF ∥ AE. In △ABE, DF ∥ AE ⇒ FE
= DA
. In △ABC, DE ∥ AC
⇒ BE
EC
= BD
DA
. Hence BF
FE
= BE
EC
.
Proved

5
SECTION B: RD SHARMA (R1–R16)
R1(a)
Distance (−6, 7) to (−1, −5):
p √
52 + (−12)2 = 169 = 13 13

R1(b)
(a + b, b + c) and (a − b, c − b):
√ √
∆x = −2b, ∆y = −2b ⇒ 4b2 + 4b2 = 2|b| 2
√
2|b| 2

R2
Length 10, endpoints (2, −3) and (10, y):
p
64 + (y + 3)2 = 10 ⇒ (y + 3)2 = 36 ⇒ y = 3 or − 9

3 or − 9

R3
√
Distance (3, a) to (4, 1) is 10:

1 + (1 − a)2 = 10 ⇒ (1 − a)2 = 9 ⇒ a = −2 or 4

−2 or 4

R4
P (x, 3) equidistant from A(7, −1) and B(6, 8):

(x − 7)2 + 16 = (x − 6)2 + 25 ⇒ x = 2

R5
(2, 1) and (1, −2) equidistant from (x, y):

(x − 2)2 + (y − 1)2 = (x − 1)2 + (y + 2)2 ⇒ x + 3y = 0

Proved

6
R6
A(−4, −1), B(−2, −4), C(4, 0), D(2, 3).
√ √ √ √
AB = 13, BC = 2 13, CD = 13, DA = 2 13

Opposite sides equal. Diagonals:

√ √
AC = 65, BD = 65

Diagonals equal ⇒ rectangle.

Rectangle

R7
(3, 0), (6, 4), (−1, 3). √
AB = 5, BC = 5 2, CA = 5
AB = CA isosceles; AB 2 + CA2 = BC 2 right angle.

Right-angled isosceles

R8
Perimeter of (−2, −3), (−1, 0), (7, −6):
√ √
AB = 10, BC = 10, CA = 3 10
√
Perimeter = 10 + 4 10
√
10 + 4 10

R9
DE ∥ BC, AD = 3.6, AB = 10, AE = 4.5.
3.6 4.5
= ⇒ AC = 12.5, EC = 12.5 − 4.5 = 8
10 AC
EC = 8, AC = 12.5

R10
AD = x, DB = x − 2, AE = x + 2, EC = x − 1.
x x+2
= ⇒ x(x − 1) = (x + 2)(x − 2) ⇒ x = 4
x−2 x−1
4

R11
Sides ratio 4 : 9 ⇒ areas ratio 42 : 92 = 16 : 81.

16 : 81

7
R12
p
Areas 144 and 81 ⇒ side ratio 144/81 = 4/3. Larger side 36 ⇒ smaller = 36×3/4 = 27.

27 cm

R13
(No specific triangles given in text.)

R14
Angle bisector theorem:
BD AB 2.5 5
= ⇒ = ⇒ DC = 2.1
DC AC DC 4.2

2.1 cm

R15
BD AB
Check DC
= AC
:
1.5 3 5 1
= , =
3.5 7 10 2
Not equal ⇒ not angle bisector.

Not angle bisector

R16
Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales): If a line is drawn parallel to one side of
a triangle, it divides the other two sides in the same ratio.
Proof: In △ABC, DE ∥ BC, D ∈ AB, E ∈ AC.

AD AE
=
DB EC
Construction: Join BE and CD, draw EF ⊥ AB, DG ⊥ AC.

Area(△ADE) AD
=
Area(△BDE) DB

Area(△ADE) AE
=
Area(△CDE) EC
AD
But Area(△BDE) = Area(△CDE) (same base DE, between parallels). Hence DB
=
AE
EC
.
Proved