100-Item Multiple Choice Quiz for 4th Year
Nursing Students
Maternal and Child Health Nursing
1. A nurse is teaching a pregnant client about the signs of labor. Which sign
indicates true labor?
A. Irregular contractions relieved by rest
B. Contractions that increase in intensity and frequency
C. Back pain that disappears after walking
D. Cervical discomfort without dilation
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – False labor contractions are irregular and relieved by rest.
B. Correct – True labor contractions become stronger, more frequent, and lead to cervical
dilation.
C. Incorrect – Back pain alone does not confirm true labor.
D. Incorrect – Cervical dilation is expected in true labor.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Estrogen supports uterine growth but does not primarily maintain pregnancy.
B. Correct – Progesterone maintains the uterine lining and prevents contractions.
C. Incorrect – Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions.
D. Incorrect – Prolactin stimulates milk production.
3. A postpartum mother experiences excessive vaginal bleeding. What is the
nurse’s priority action?
A. Assess fundal tone
B. Encourage breastfeeding
C. Give oral fluids
D. Check temperature
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
B. Incorrect – Breastfeeding may help later but assessment is the priority.
C. Incorrect – Fluids are important but not the first action.
D. Incorrect – Temperature assessment does not address immediate bleeding.
4. Which vaccine is usually given at birth?
A. DPT
B. MMR
C. BCG
D. Hepatitis A
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – DPT is given later in infancy.
B. Incorrect – MMR is given after 9 months.
C. Correct – BCG is commonly administered at birth.
D. Incorrect – Hepatitis A is not routinely given at birth.
5. What is the normal fetal heart rate?
A. 60–100 bpm
B. 100–120 bpm
C. 120–160 bpm
D. 170–200 bpm
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – This is the normal adult heart rate.
B. Incorrect – Slightly low for fetal baseline.
C. Correct – Normal fetal heart rate ranges from 120–160 bpm.
D. Incorrect – This is abnormally high.
6. Which condition is characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria
during pregnancy?
A. Eclampsia
B. Preeclampsia
C. Placenta previa
D. Hyperemesis gravidarum
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Eclampsia includes seizures.
B. Correct – Preeclampsia presents with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.
C. Incorrect – Placenta previa involves bleeding.
D. Incorrect – Hyperemesis involves severe vomiting.
7. The Apgar score is assessed at which times after birth?
A. 1 and 5 minutes
B. 5 and 10 minutes
C. Immediately after delivery only
D. 15 and 30 minutes
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Apgar scoring is done at 1 and 5 minutes.
B. Incorrect – These are not routine initial times.
C. Incorrect – It is repeated after the first minute.
D. Incorrect – Too late for routine Apgar assessment.
8. Which finding suggests placental separation after delivery?
A. Shortening of the umbilical cord
B. Soft uterus
C. Maternal hypotension
D. Decreased vaginal bleeding
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Lengthening or apparent shortening of the cord indicates placental separation.
B. Incorrect – A boggy uterus may indicate hemorrhage.
C. Incorrect – Hypotension is abnormal.
D. Incorrect – Bleeding usually increases briefly.
9. Which nutrient is most important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube
defects?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin C
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Calcium supports bone development.
B. Incorrect – Iron prevents anemia.
C. Correct – Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects.
D. Incorrect – Vitamin C aids wound healing.
10. What is the expected weight gain during a normal pregnancy?
A. 2–5 lbs
B. 10–15 lbs
C. 25–35 lbs
D. 45–50 lbs
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Too low for a healthy pregnancy.
B. Incorrect – Below recommended range.
C. Correct – Average recommended weight gain is 25–35 lbs.
D. Incorrect – Excessive for most pregnancies.
11. Which is the best indicator of effective breastfeeding?
A. Baby sleeps all day
B. Audible swallowing is heard
C. Mother reports pain
D. Infant cries after feeding
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Sleeping alone is not enough evidence.
B. Correct – Audible swallowing indicates milk transfer.
C. Incorrect – Pain may indicate poor latch.
D. Incorrect – Crying may indicate hunger.
12. A pregnant client complains of morning sickness. Which advice is
appropriate?
A. Skip meals
B. Eat dry crackers before rising
C. Drink large meals quickly
D. Avoid all carbohydrates
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Skipping meals worsens nausea.
B. Correct – Dry crackers can help reduce nausea.
C. Incorrect – Large meals may worsen symptoms.
D. Incorrect – Carbohydrates can help relieve nausea.
13. Which stage of labor begins with complete cervical dilation?
A. First stage
B. Second stage
C. Third stage
D. Fourth stage
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – First stage ends with complete dilation.
B. Correct – Second stage begins at full dilation and ends with birth.
C. Incorrect – Third stage involves placental delivery.
D. Incorrect – Fourth stage is recovery.
14. A newborn with a bluish discoloration of hands and feet is experiencing:
A. Central cyanosis
B. Acrocyanosis
C. Jaundice
D. Pallor
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Central cyanosis is abnormal.
B. Correct – Acrocyanosis is common in newborns.
C. Incorrect – Jaundice appears yellow.
D. Incorrect – Pallor indicates paleness.
15. Which action prevents newborn heat loss?
A. Immediate bathing
B. Placing under a radiant warmer
C. Leaving infant uncovered
D. Delaying drying
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Bathing can increase heat loss.
B. Correct – Radiant warmers help maintain body temperature.
C. Incorrect – Uncovering increases heat loss.
D. Incorrect – Drying should be immediate.
Fundamentals of Nursing
16. Which principle is most important in handwashing?
A. Use cold water only
B. Friction removes microorganisms
C. Wash for 5 seconds only
D. Dry from fingertips to wrist
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Warm water is preferred.
B. Correct – Friction effectively removes microorganisms.
C. Incorrect – Proper handwashing takes at least 20 seconds.
D. Incorrect – Dry from wrist to fingertips.
17. The best site for intramuscular injection in an adult is:
A. Deltoid
B. Ventrogluteal
C. Abdomen
D. Forearm
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Deltoid is for smaller volumes.
B. Correct – Ventrogluteal site is safest for IM injections.
C. Incorrect – Abdomen is used for subcutaneous injections.
D. Incorrect – Forearm is used for intradermal injections.
18. Which position is best for a client with dyspnea?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. Fowler’s
D. Prone
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Supine can worsen breathing.
B. Incorrect – Trendelenburg impairs lung expansion.
C. Correct – Fowler’s position promotes lung expansion.
D. Incorrect – Prone is not commonly used for comfort.
19. What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
A. 4–8 breaths/minute
B. 8–10 breaths/minute
C. 12–20 breaths/minute
D. 25–35 breaths/minute
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Too low.
B. Incorrect – Slightly below normal.
C. Correct – Normal adult respiratory rate is 12–20.
D. Incorrect – Indicates tachypnea.
20. Which pulse site is used during CPR in adults?
A. Radial
B. Brachial
C. Carotid
D. Pedal
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Radial pulse may be weak.
B. Incorrect – Brachial is used in infants.
C. Correct – Carotid pulse is assessed during adult CPR.
D. Incorrect – Pedal pulse is not used.
21. Which nursing action prevents pressure ulcers?
A. Restricting fluids
B. Repositioning every 2 hours
C. Using powder on skin folds
D. Limiting mobility
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Hydration supports skin integrity.
B. Correct – Frequent repositioning prevents prolonged pressure.
C. Incorrect – Powder may irritate skin.
D. Incorrect – Mobility should be encouraged.
22. What is the normal adult body temperature in Celsius?
A. 34°C
B. 35°C
C. 37°C
D. 39°C
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Indicates hypothermia.
B. Incorrect – Slightly low.
C. Correct – Normal body temperature averages 37°C.
D. Incorrect – Indicates fever.
23. Which is a subjective data?
A. Blood pressure reading
B. Temperature result
C. Patient states “I feel dizzy.”
D. Pulse rate
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Objective measurement.
B. Incorrect – Objective data.
C. Correct – Subjective data comes from the patient’s verbal report.
D. Incorrect – Objective finding.
24. Which needle gauge is commonly used for blood transfusion?
A. 30 gauge
B. 25 gauge
C. 20 gauge
D. 10 gauge
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Too small.
B. Incorrect – Small for transfusion.
C. Correct – 18–20 gauge needles are appropriate.
D. Incorrect – Too large.
25. The purpose of documentation is to:
A. Replace communication
B. Provide legal evidence
C. Increase workload
D. Delay treatment
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Documentation supports communication.
B. Correct – Documentation serves as a legal record.
C. Incorrect – It is not intended to increase workload.
D. Incorrect – Documentation supports timely care.
Cardiovascular System
26. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Answer: D
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Receives deoxygenated blood.
B. Incorrect – Pumps blood to lungs.
C. Incorrect – Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
D. Correct – Left ventricle pumps blood into systemic circulation.
27. A blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg is considered:
A. Hypertension
B. Hypotension
C. Normal
D. Crisis level
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Hypertension is elevated BP.
B. Correct – 90/60 mmHg is low blood pressure.
C. Incorrect – Lower than average normal.
D. Incorrect – Not critically high.
28. Which electrolyte is most important for cardiac function?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Important but less directly related.
B. Correct – Potassium strongly affects cardiac rhythm.
C. Incorrect – Also important but not the primary answer.
D. Incorrect – Supports contraction but potassium is more associated with rhythm.
29. Chest pain radiating to the left arm may indicate:
A. Pneumonia
B. Gastritis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Appendicitis
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Pneumonia usually causes pleuritic pain.
B. Incorrect – Gastritis causes epigastric discomfort.
C. Correct – Classic sign of myocardial infarction.
D. Incorrect – Appendicitis affects the abdomen.
30. Which artery is commonly used to measure blood pressure?
A. Femoral
B. Radial
C. Brachial
D. Carotid
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not routinely used.
B. Incorrect – Radial pulse is palpated.
C. Correct – The brachial artery is used for BP measurement.
D. Incorrect – Not standard for BP cuff placement.
31. The “lub” sound of the heart is caused by closure of the:
A. Semilunar valves
B. Mitral and tricuspid valves
C. Aortic valve only
D. Pulmonary valve only
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Produces the “dub” sound.
B. Correct – AV valve closure creates S1 or “lub.”
C. Incorrect – Aortic valve contributes to S2.
D. Incorrect – Pulmonary valve contributes to S2.
32. Which lifestyle change helps prevent hypertension?
A. Smoking
B. High salt intake
C. Regular exercise
D. Alcohol excess
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Smoking increases cardiovascular risk.
B. Incorrect – Salt can elevate BP.
C. Correct – Exercise helps control blood pressure.
D. Incorrect – Excess alcohol increases BP.
33. What is the normal resting heart rate for adults?
A. 20–40 bpm
B. 40–60 bpm
C. 60–100 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Too low.
B. Incorrect – May occur in athletes.
C. Correct – Normal adult heart rate is 60–100 bpm.
D. Incorrect – Too high.
34. Edema in heart failure is caused by:
A. Fluid retention
B. Bone loss
C. Infection
D. Hyperventilation
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Poor cardiac output causes fluid buildup.
B. Incorrect – Not related.
C. Incorrect – Infection is not the main cause.
D. Incorrect – Hyperventilation does not cause edema.
35. Which test records the electrical activity of the heart?
A. MRI
B. CT scan
C. ECG
D. Ultrasound
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – MRI provides imaging.
B. Incorrect – CT provides imaging.
C. Correct – ECG measures electrical activity.
D. Incorrect – Ultrasound evaluates structures.
Respiratory System
36. Which structure prevents food from entering the airway?
A. Trachea
B. Epiglottis
C. Bronchi
D. Alveoli
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Air passageway.
B. Correct – Epiglottis closes during swallowing.
C. Incorrect – Bronchi conduct air.
D. Incorrect – Alveoli exchange gases.
37. Which condition is characterized by narrowed airways and wheezing?
A. Asthma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Pneumothorax
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Asthma causes airway narrowing and wheezing.
B. Incorrect – TB is an infection.
C. Incorrect – Pneumothorax is collapsed lung.
D. Incorrect – Pleural effusion is fluid accumulation.
38. Oxygen is exchanged in the:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Larynx
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Bronchi transport air.
B. Incorrect – Trachea conducts air.
C. Correct – Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.
D. Incorrect – Larynx contains vocal cords.
39. Which symptom is common in pneumonia?
A. Dry skin
B. Productive cough
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not characteristic.
B. Correct – Pneumonia commonly causes productive cough.
C. Incorrect – Bradycardia is uncommon.
D. Incorrect – Constipation is unrelated.
40. Cyanosis indicates:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Poor oxygenation
C. Dehydration
D. Fever
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Opposite condition.
B. Correct – Cyanosis indicates low oxygen levels.
C. Incorrect – Dehydration does not directly cause cyanosis.
D. Incorrect – Fever alone does not cause cyanosis.
41. The normal oxygen saturation level is:
A. 50–60%
B. 70–80%
C. 95–100%
D. 110%
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Dangerously low.
B. Incorrect – Low oxygenation.
C. Correct – Normal saturation is 95–100%.
D. Incorrect – Impossible value.
42. Which position helps drain secretions from the lungs?
A. Lithotomy
B. Trendelenburg
C. Sims
D. Supine
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Used for examinations.
B. Correct – Trendelenburg assists postural drainage.
C. Incorrect – Side-lying position.
D. Incorrect – Flat position does not aid drainage.
43. Smoking primarily damages the:
A. Kidneys
B. Alveoli
C. Pancreas
D. Thyroid gland
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Smoking mainly affects lungs.
B. Correct – Smoking damages alveoli and airways.
C. Incorrect – Not the primary target.
D. Incorrect – Thyroid damage is not primary.
44. Which breathing pattern is rapid and shallow?
A. Bradypnea
B. Apnea
C. Tachypnea
D. Orthopnea
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Slow breathing.
B. Incorrect – Absence of breathing.
C. Correct – Tachypnea is rapid breathing.
D. Incorrect – Difficulty breathing when lying down.
45. Tuberculosis is primarily spread through:
A. Food
B. Water
C. Airborne droplets
D. Skin contact
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not foodborne.
B. Incorrect – Not waterborne.
C. Correct – TB spreads through airborne droplets.
D. Incorrect – Skin contact is not primary transmission.
Anatomy and Physiology
46. The largest organ in the body is the:
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Skin
D. Lungs
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not the largest organ.
B. Incorrect – Largest internal organ.
C. Correct – Skin is the largest organ overall.
D. Incorrect – Smaller than skin.
47. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Osteon
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Functional unit of the nervous system.
B. Correct – Nephron filters blood in the kidney.
C. Incorrect – Functional unit of lungs.
D. Incorrect – Found in bone.
48. Which bone protects the brain?
A. Femur
B. Humerus
C. Cranium
D. Tibia
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Thigh bone.
B. Incorrect – Arm bone.
C. Correct – Cranium encloses the brain.
D. Incorrect – Leg bone.
49. The basic unit of life is the:
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. Cell
D. Atom
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Organs are made of tissues.
B. Incorrect – Tissues are groups of cells.
C. Correct – Cell is the basic structural unit.
D. Incorrect – Atoms are smaller chemical units.
50. Which part of the brain controls balance?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Responsible for thinking and memory.
B. Correct – Cerebellum controls balance and coordination.
C. Incorrect – Controls vital functions.
D. Incorrect – Regulates hormones and temperature.
51. The longest bone in the body is the:
A. Radius
B. Ulna
C. Femur
D. Fibula
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Forearm bone.
B. Incorrect – Forearm bone.
C. Correct – Femur is the longest and strongest bone.
D. Incorrect – Lower leg bone.
52. Which organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Gallbladder
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Produces bile.
B. Correct – Pancreas secretes insulin.
C. Incorrect – Filters blood.
D. Incorrect – Stores bile.
53. Red blood cells are produced in the:
A. Bone marrow
B. Liver
C. Brain
D. Lungs
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Bone marrow produces RBCs.
B. Incorrect – Liver has other functions.
C. Incorrect – Brain does not produce RBCs.
D. Incorrect – Lungs exchange gases.
54. The normal adult has how many pairs of ribs?
A. 6
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12
Answer: D
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Too few.
B. Incorrect – Too few.
C. Incorrect – Too few.
D. Correct – Adults normally have 12 pairs.
55. Which organ stores bile?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Stomach
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Produces bile.
B. Incorrect – Produces enzymes.
C. Correct – Gallbladder stores bile.
D. Incorrect – Digests food.
Community Health Nursing
56. The primary goal of community health nursing is:
A. Cure diseases only
B. Promote and protect health
C. Focus on hospital care
D. Perform surgeries
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Community health focuses on prevention and promotion.
B. Correct – Main goal is promoting and protecting health.
C. Incorrect – Focus extends beyond hospitals.
D. Incorrect – Nurses do not primarily perform surgeries.
57. Which level of prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Rehabilitation
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Primary prevention prevents disease occurrence.
B. Incorrect – Secondary focuses on early detection.
C. Incorrect – Tertiary minimizes complications.
D. Incorrect – Rehabilitation restores function.
58. Immunization is an example of:
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Rehabilitation
D. Palliative care
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not focused on complications.
B. Correct – Vaccination prevents disease.
C. Incorrect – Not restorative care.
D. Incorrect – Not end-of-life care.
59. Which agency is primarily responsible for public health in the Philippines?
A. DepEd
B. DOH
C. DSWD
D. CHED
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Focuses on education.
B. Correct – Department of Health oversees public health.
C. Incorrect – Handles social welfare.
D. Incorrect – Oversees higher education.
60. Home visits are important because they:
A. Replace hospital care
B. Allow assessment of family environment
C. Eliminate disease completely
D. Reduce nurse workload
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Home visits complement care.
B. Correct – Nurses assess environmental and family factors.
C. Incorrect – Diseases cannot always be eliminated.
D. Incorrect – Home visits require time and effort.
61. Which is an example of a communicable disease?
A. Diabetes
B. Hypertension
C. Tuberculosis
D. Arthritis
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Noncommunicable disease.
B. Incorrect – Noncommunicable disease.
C. Correct – Tuberculosis is infectious.
D. Incorrect – Degenerative condition.
62. The nurse teaches handwashing primarily to:
A. Improve appearance
B. Prevent infection
C. Reduce costs only
D. Save water
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not the main purpose.
B. Correct – Handwashing prevents infection spread.
C. Incorrect – Cost reduction is secondary.
D. Incorrect – Water saving is not the main goal.
63. Which population is most vulnerable to malnutrition?
A. Young adults
B. Elderly and children
C. Athletes
D. Office workers
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Less vulnerable than extremes of age.
B. Correct – Children and elderly are at higher risk.
C. Incorrect – Athletes are generally healthier.
D. Incorrect – Not the most vulnerable group.
64. Which document records births and deaths?
A. Police blotter
B. Vital statistics record
C. Payroll
D. Prescription pad
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Used for incidents.
B. Correct – Vital statistics record births and deaths.
C. Incorrect – Payroll concerns salaries.
D. Incorrect – Used for medications.
65. Family planning aims to:
A. Increase population rapidly
B. Improve maternal and child health
C. Eliminate marriage
D. Prevent education
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Not the purpose.
B. Correct – Family planning promotes healthier families.
C. Incorrect – Unrelated.
D. Incorrect – Education is encouraged.
Mixed Nursing Topics
66. Which vitamin helps blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: D
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Important for vision.
B. Incorrect – Helps wound healing.
C. Incorrect – Supports bone health.
D. Correct – Vitamin K is essential for clotting.
67. The nurse should identify a patient before medication administration using:
A. Room number only
B. Bed number only
C. Two patient identifiers
D. Diagnosis only
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Room numbers can change.
B. Incorrect – Bed numbers are unreliable.
C. Correct – Two identifiers improve patient safety.
D. Incorrect – Diagnosis is insufficient.
68. Which route provides the fastest medication absorption?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Slower due to digestion.
B. Incorrect – Absorption slower than IV.
C. Correct – IV delivers medication directly into bloodstream.
D. Incorrect – Slower absorption.
69. A sterile field becomes contaminated when:
A. Kept dry
B. Below waist level
C. Opened properly
D. Viewed continuously
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Dryness maintains sterility.
B. Correct – Items below waist level are contaminated.
C. Incorrect – Proper opening maintains sterility.
D. Incorrect – Observation alone does not contaminate.
70. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Causes arrhythmias but not best answer.
B. Correct – Low potassium causes weakness and dysrhythmias.
C. Incorrect – Affects bones and GI system.
D. Incorrect – Primarily affects fluid balance.
71. Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
A. AB+
B. O-
C. A+
D. B-
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Universal recipient.
B. Correct – O-negative blood can be given to all types.
C. Incorrect – Not universal donor.
D. Incorrect – Not universal donor.
72. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A. Optic nerve
B. Olfactory nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Facial nerve
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Cranial nerve II controls vision.
B. Incorrect – Responsible for smell.
C. Incorrect – Controls parasympathetic functions.
D. Incorrect – Controls facial expression.
73. Which condition results from lack of insulin?
A. Asthma
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Hypertension
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Respiratory disease.
B. Correct – Diabetes results from insulin deficiency or resistance.
C. Incorrect – Cardiovascular disorder.
D. Incorrect – Lung infection.
74. The nurse should assess pain using:
A. Assumptions
B. Family opinion only
C. Pain scale
D. Laboratory test only
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Pain is subjective.
B. Incorrect – Family input may help but not replace patient report.
C. Correct – Pain scales standardize assessment.
D. Incorrect – No lab test measures pain directly.
75. Which mineral is important for hemoglobin formation?
A. Zinc
B. Calcium
C. Iron
D. Magnesium
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Supports immunity.
B. Incorrect – Supports bones.
C. Correct – Iron is required for hemoglobin.
D. Incorrect – Supports muscle and nerve function.
76. Which infection control measure requires gloves, gown, and mask?
A. Standard precautions
B. Airborne precautions
C. Surgical asepsis
D. Hand hygiene only
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – PPE depends on situation.
B. Correct – Airborne precautions require protective equipment.
C. Incorrect – Refers to sterile technique.
D. Incorrect – Insufficient alone.
77. Which pulse site is located in the groin?
A. Radial
B. Pedal
C. Femoral
D. Temporal
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Wrist area.
B. Incorrect – Foot area.
C. Correct – Femoral pulse is in the groin.
D. Incorrect – Temple area.
78. Which organ filters waste from the blood?
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Stomach
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Pumps blood.
B. Correct – Kidneys remove waste products.
C. Incorrect – Exchange gases.
D. Incorrect – Digests food.
79. What is the first step in the nursing process?
A. Planning
B. Evaluation
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Occurs after assessment.
B. Incorrect – Final phase.
C. Correct – Assessment gathers patient data.
D. Incorrect – Happens after planning.
80. Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A. Dengue
B. Tuberculosis
C. Malaria
D. Typhoid fever
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Viral disease.
B. Correct – TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Incorrect – Caused by parasites.
D. Incorrect – Caused by Salmonella typhi.
81. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Aorta
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Vena cava
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
B. Incorrect – Carries blood to body.
C. Correct – Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood.
D. Incorrect – Returns deoxygenated blood.
82. The main function of platelets is:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Immunity
C. Blood clotting
D. Hormone production
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – RBCs transport oxygen.
B. Incorrect – WBCs support immunity.
C. Correct – Platelets aid clot formation.
D. Incorrect – Platelets do not produce hormones.
83. Which nutrient builds and repairs tissues?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Primary energy source.
B. Correct – Proteins repair and build tissues.
C. Incorrect – Store energy.
D. Incorrect – Regulate body functions.
84. Which condition causes excessive blood glucose levels?
A. Anemia
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Asthma
D. Arthritis
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Low hemoglobin.
B. Correct – Diabetes causes hyperglycemia.
C. Incorrect – Respiratory disorder.
D. Incorrect – Joint disorder.
85. Which sign indicates dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Poor skin turgor
C. Bradycardia
D. Weight gain
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Suggests adequate hydration.
B. Correct – Poor skin turgor indicates dehydration.
C. Incorrect – Tachycardia is more common.
D. Incorrect – Dehydration usually causes weight loss.
86. Which disease is transmitted by mosquitoes?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Cholera
C. Dengue
D. Influenza
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Airborne disease.
B. Incorrect – Waterborne disease.
C. Correct – Dengue is mosquito-borne.
D. Incorrect – Respiratory transmission.
87. The normal pH of blood is:
A. 5.0–5.5
B. 6.0–6.5
C. 7.35–7.45
D. 8.0–8.5
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Acidic.
B. Incorrect – Too acidic.
C. Correct – Normal blood pH is slightly alkaline.
D. Incorrect – Too alkaline.
88. Which gland is called the “master gland”?
A. Thyroid
B. Pituitary
C. Adrenal
D. Pineal
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Regulates metabolism.
B. Correct – Pituitary controls many endocrine glands.
C. Incorrect – Produces stress hormones.
D. Incorrect – Produces melatonin.
89. Which microorganism causes malaria?
A. Virus
B. Fungus
C. Protozoa
D. Bacteria
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Malaria is not viral.
B. Incorrect – Not fungal.
C. Correct – Malaria is caused by protozoa.
D. Incorrect – Not bacterial.
90. Which action reduces hospital-acquired infections?
A. Reusing needles
B. Hand hygiene
C. Ignoring isolation precautions
D. Sharing equipment without cleaning
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Unsafe practice.
B. Correct – Hand hygiene is the most effective prevention method.
C. Incorrect – Isolation precautions are essential.
D. Incorrect – Equipment must be disinfected.
91. Which assessment finding suggests hypoxia?
A. Pink lips
B. Confusion
C. Warm extremities
D. Slow breathing
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Indicates good oxygenation.
B. Correct – Hypoxia can cause confusion.
C. Incorrect – Not a common sign.
D. Incorrect – Hypoxia often causes rapid breathing.
92. Which chamber receives blood from the body?
A. Left ventricle
B. Right atrium
C. Left atrium
D. Right ventricle
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Pumps blood to body.
B. Correct – Right atrium receives systemic venous blood.
C. Incorrect – Receives blood from lungs.
D. Incorrect – Pumps blood to lungs.
93. Which term means absence of breathing?
A. Dyspnea
B. Tachypnea
C. Apnea
D. Orthopnea
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Difficult breathing.
B. Incorrect – Rapid breathing.
C. Correct – Apnea means no breathing.
D. Incorrect – Difficulty breathing while lying down.
94. Which nutrient is the body’s main energy source?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Minerals
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Builds tissues.
B. Correct – Carbohydrates provide primary energy.
C. Incorrect – Regulate body functions.
D. Incorrect – Support body processes.
95. Which pulse is commonly palpated at the wrist?
A. Femoral
B. Carotid
C. Radial
D. Temporal
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Located in groin.
B. Incorrect – Located in neck.
C. Correct – Radial pulse is found at the wrist.
D. Incorrect – Located at temple.
96. Which type of immunity is obtained through vaccination?
A. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial active immunity
C. Natural active immunity
D. Artificial passive immunity
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Acquired through maternal antibodies.
B. Correct – Vaccination stimulates antibody production.
C. Incorrect – Occurs after infection.
D. Incorrect – Acquired through injected antibodies.
97. Which electrolyte is mainly responsible for fluid balance?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
Answer: A
Rationales:
A. Correct – Sodium regulates fluid balance.
B. Incorrect – Needed for hemoglobin.
C. Incorrect – Needed for bones.
D. Incorrect – Supports cellular functions.
98. Which part of the neuron receives impulses?
A. Axon
B. Myelin sheath
C. Dendrite
D. Synapse
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Conducts impulses away.
B. Incorrect – Insulates nerve fibers.
C. Correct – Dendrites receive impulses.
D. Incorrect – Junction between neurons.
99. Which condition is characterized by decreased hemoglobin?
A. Leukemia
B. Anemia
C. Asthma
D. Stroke
Answer: B
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Cancer of blood cells.
B. Correct – Anemia involves low hemoglobin.
C. Incorrect – Respiratory disease.
D. Incorrect – Neurological condition.
100. Which action demonstrates therapeutic communication?
A. Interrupting the patient
B. Giving false reassurance
C. Active listening
D. Changing the subject
Answer: C
Rationales:
A. Incorrect – Interrupting blocks communication.
B. Incorrect – False reassurance is nontherapeutic.
C. Correct – Active listening promotes trust and understanding.
D. Incorrect – Changing the subject discourages expression.