Course name: Data Communication LAB [G], Course code: COE 3201

Semester: Fall 2025-26, Name of the Faculty: FARHAN AHMED WASIM

Experiment no: 01
Experiment name: Introduction to MATLAB ( experiment ID is 23-54123-3)
Group no: 07
SL Student name ID Marks
1 Md Azizur Rahim 23-54123-3
2 Maruf Hossain Chowdhury Durlov 23-54369-3
3 [Link] Rahman 23-53426-3
4 Ahnaf Abid Riad 23-54594-3
5

Marking Rubrics (to be filled by Faculty):

Proficient Good Acceptable Secured

Category Unacceptable [1]
[5] [4] [3-2] Marks
 Explains all necessary  Explains the  Explains some  A lot of
and relevant important parts of theoretical information is
theoretical theoretical background missing, out of
Objective/
background background information, but context and/or
related
information, information, may be some information inaccurate.
theory
measures, and partially irrelevant or may be missing,
variables. need more details. irrelevant or
inaccurate.
 Working procedure  Working procedure  Working  Working
or code is clearly or code is given for procedure or procedure or
presented and is the experiment to be code is missing code is absent
supported by proper sufficient. some steps or missing
comments.  Methods are correct and/or contains major steps
Procedure/
 Methods are clearly but the steps may be some mistakes. and/or contains
code
written, including all lacking in detail,  Simulation mistakes.
steps in sufficient making the output has many  Simulation
detail for the experiment hard to be problems. output
experiment to be repeated. completely
repeated. wrong.
 Clear, accurate  Diagrams and plots  Diagrams and  Needed plots/
diagrams and graphs are included and are plots are diagrams are
are labeled neatly and correctly labeled in included and are missing or are
Experimen accurately with brief, but there may labeled, minor missing
t excellent detail. be some lack of mistakes may be important
results/tabl  Simulated result clarity. present. labels.
e/simulatio meets all criteria;  Most criteria are met,  Results do not  Experimental
n output outcomes are but there may be match exactly results are
figures described clearly and some lack of clarity with the missing or
accurately. and/or incorrect theoretical values completely
information. and/or analysis is incorrect.
unclear.
  Interpretation and  Analysis is logically  Analysis is  Only the data
analysis of related tied to information; inconsistently was reported,
outcomes some related tied to some of there is no
Data (consequences and outcomes are not the information analysis.
Interpretat implications) are clear. discussed; related  Report
ion/ logical.  Report questions are outcomes are questions are
analysis/q  Any report questions answered correctly oversimplified. missing or are
uestion are properly answered but may be lacking  Report questions completely
answer/co with detailed detail or contain are answered but wrong.
nclusion justification or minor logical error. contain wrong
calculations. information or
major logical
error.

Total Marks
Comments:
(Out of 20):
Objective:
The primary goals of this experiment are:
1. To comprehend how MATLAB is utilized for problem-solving, simulations, and
computations within communication engineering.
2. To build a strong familiarity with the MATLAB workspace, encompassing its specific
functions, syntax, and commands.
3. To acquire skills in generating, modifying, and plotting vectors and matrices using MATLAB tools.
4. To obtain hands-on practice in producing and examining sinusoidal waves of varying
phases and amplitudes.
5. To assess and deduce the relationship between phase and amplitude in sinusoidal
waveforms via graphical analysis.

Theory:
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation,
programming and visualization in a user-friendly environment where problems and solutions are
expressed in an easy-to-understand mathematical notation.

MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require
dimensioning. This allows the user to solve many technical computing problems, especially
those with matrix and vector operations, in less time than it would take to write a program in a
scalar noninteractive language such as C or Fortran.

MATLAB features a family of application-specific solutions which are called toolboxes. It is

very important to most users of MATLAB, that toolboxes allow to learn and apply specialized
technology. These toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions, so-called M
files, that extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular classes of problems.

MATLAB is a matrix-based programming tool. Although matrices often need not to be

dimensioned explicitly, the user has always to look carefully for matrix dimensions. If it is not
defined otherwise, the standard matrix exhibits two dimensions’ n × m. Column vectors and row
vectors are represented consistently by n × 1 and 1 × n matrices, respectively.

MATLAB operations can be classified into the following types of operations:

• arithmetic and logical operations,
• mathematical functions,
• graphical functions and
• input/output operations.
A sinusoidal signal is a fundamental signal used to represent continuous-time waveforms in

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴cos (2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + 𝜙)

communication systems. It is expressed as:

𝐴= amplitude of the signal,

where

𝑓= frequency in hertz,


𝑡= time in seconds, and



𝜙= phase in radians.


This experiment emphasizes the computational synthesis and graphical analysis of such waveforms.
By defining specific amplitudes and phase shifts, distinct sinusoidal signals can be generated and
visualized using MATLAB's built-in plotting functions. Furthermore, the addition of these
individual signals facilitates the practical study of the superposition principle, enabling a clear
visual observation of the resulting waveform dynamics driven by parameter variations.

Code:
a)

b)
d)

e)
Simulation figure:
Result Analysis:
c) Verification of Phase and Amplitude at t = 0:
Given parameters:
A1 = 23, 2 = 33, φ 1 = 43 ° , φ 2 = 30° , f = 5412Hz
At t = 0:
x1(0) = A1cos(φ 1)
x2(0) = A2cos(φ 2)

Calculation Steps Signal x1(t) Signal x2(t)

Cosine Value: cos(43 ° ) ≈ 0.73135 cos(30° ) ≈ 0.86602
Equation: x1(0) = 23× 0.73135 x2(0) = 33× 0.86602
Result: = 16.8211 = 28.5788
Final Check: x1(0) = 16.82 x2(0) = 28.58

Verification: The generated MATLAB plot shows that at exactly t = 0, x1(t) initiates at approximately 16.8,
and x2(t) begins near 28.6. Furthermore, the peak amplitudes are visibly reaching 23 and 33 for x1(t) and
x2(t), respectively. This confirms that the software simulation perfectly aligns with the theoretical
mathematical predictions for initial phase and amplitude.
f) Measurement from Plot:
The total magnitude of x3(t) was evaluated directly from the graph using the data cursor tool to pinpoint the
highest peak of the combined waveform. The resulting y-coordinate represents the signal's maximum
amplitude.
Observed Magnitude: ≈ 55.65
To determine the phase, the waveform's starting position at t = 0 was marked and compared to the
coordinates of the peak point. Because the combined wave does not hit its maximum exactly at t = 0, the
time difference between the zero mark and the peak dictates the resulting phase shift.
Observed Phase: ≈ 35.33 °
Annotations were added to the generated plot to highlight:
The peak coordinate (validating the magnitude).
The waveform intercept at t = 0 (verifying the phase shift).
These visual markers explicitly detail how the measurements for x3(t) were extracted from the simulation.

Conclusion:
This laboratory exercise focused on understanding MATLAB's core capabilities for modeling and
evaluating sinusoidal waveforms. Based on the assigned parameters, two separate signals, x1(t) and x2(t),
were constructed and subsequently summed to produce a third resultant signal, x3(t). The output graphs
accurately displayed their phase and amplitude characteristics. By analyzing the visualizations, we
successfully identified peak amplitudes to measure signal magnitude and examined the t = 0 intercepts to
confirm initial phase angles. The combined waveform x3(t) exhibited clear patterns of constructive and
destructive interference driven by the phase variations, aligning flawlessly with mathematical superposition
principles. Ultimately, this experiment highlights MATLAB as an incredibly robust tool for signal analysis.
Interpreting the generated graphs and manually verifying the dataset reinforced the direct connection
between theoretical models and visual representations, fully satisfying the objectives of the session.
References:
[1] 1. MATLAB user guide.
[2] 2. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Czylwik, “MATLAB for Communications”