THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE (NTA LEVEL 5) IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY
END OF SEMESTER I EXAMINATION
MODULE CODE: CRT 05207
MODULE NAME: ABDOMEN AND PELVIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING PRACTICE
OSPE
ANSWER GUIDE
MARCH, 2026
TIME: 30 MINUTES
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. INTEGRITY, AUTHENTICITY and DEVOTION must be observed during the whole
process of marking
2. Go through the answer guide carefully and if there are MAJOR changes which contribute to
the marks adjustment upon agreed by marking panel. The adjustments should be
communicatedto the relevant authority
3. The final answer guide with adjustment of marks shall be submitted to the relevant authority
4. Write your initial signature authorized by the chief marker on the space provided for each
answer script you have marked
5. Chief marker will appoint verifiers for each question among markers
6. After marking process all answer scripts must be packed, sealed and kept in a secured place
STATION 1:
a) State the name of transducer shown in the image 2 Marks
Answer:
Curvelinear/Convex probe
b) What is the frequency of the transducer 2 Marks
Answer:
2 – 5 MHz
c) Name other two (2) types of transducer 4 Marks
Answer: (2 points @ 2marks)
Linear probe
Phased array probe
d) Name two (2) ultrasound procedure that can be used by this probe
2 Marks
Answer: (Any 2 @ 1 mark)
Abdominal ultrasound
Pelvic/Gynaecology ultrasound
Obstetric ultrasound
STATION 2:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2 Marks
Answer:
Abdominal ultrasound
b) State the name of scanning technique (acoustic window) used to acquire this
image
2 Marks
Answer: (one of the following)
Subcostal window
Intercostal window
Sub-xiphoid window
c) Name two (2) anatomical structure seen in this image 4 Marks
Answer: (any 2 @ 2marks)
Liver
Right kidney
Hepatic vessels
d) Name one (1) physiological preparation needed for this examination2 Marks
Answer: (Any 2 points @ 2 marks)
Fasting for 6-8hours
STATION 3:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 3 Marks
Answer:
Abdominal ultrasound scan
b) Name type of transducer used to acquire the image 3 Marks
Answer:
Curvelinear/Convex transducer (probe)
c) Name four (4) anatomical structures seen in this scan 4 Marks
Answer:
Pancreas
Splenic vein
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Aorta
Superior mesenteric artery
STATION 4:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 3 Marks
Answer:
Pelvic ultrasound examination
b) State the name of scanning technique (acoustic window) used to acquire the
image
2 Marks
Answer:
Suprapubic window
c) Name one (1) physiological preparation needed for this examination2 Marks
Answer:
Full bladder
d) Name three (3) anatomical structure seen in this image 3 Marks
Answer:
Uterus (myometrium, perimetrium, endometrium)
Urinary bladder
Cervix
STATION 5:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2 Marks
Answer:
Abdomen ultrasound
b) What is the name of transducer used to acquire the image? 2 Marks
Answer:
Curvelinear/Convex probe
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 3 Marks
Answer:
Hepatic cyst
d) Name three (3) sonographic features of the pathological condition 3 Marks
Answer: (Any 3 @ 1 mark)
Regular margin
Anechoic
Thin wall
Posterior enhancement
STATION 6:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Abdominal ultrasound
b) Name one indication for performing the examination 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Colic/flank pain
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Hydronephrosis
d) Name one (1) sonographic feature of the pathological condition 2.5 Marks
Answer:
There is dilatation pelvis and calyces
STATION 7:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Abdominal ultrasound
b) What is the name of transducer used to acquire the image 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Curvelinear/Convex probe
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Gall bladder stone/Cholelithiasis
d) Name one (1) sonographic feature of the pathological condition 2.5 Marks
Answer: (any one of the following)
Echogenic foci seen
Posterior acoustic shadow
STATION 8:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Pelvis ultrasound
b) What is the patient physiological preparation need to acquire the image?
2.5
Marks
Answer
Full bladder
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Prostate hypertrophy
d) Name the sonographic feature of the pathological condition 2.5 Marks
Answer: (one of the following)
Enlarged prostate
Heterogeneous echotexture
Irregular margin
e)
STATION 9:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Pelvic ultrasound
b) What is the name of transducer used to acquire the image? 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Curvelinear/Convex probe
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Nabothian cyst
d) Name one (1) sonographic feature of the pathological condition 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Round anechoic lesion in the cervical canal
Fluid collection in the cul de sac
STATION 10:
a) Identify type of ultrasound examination performed 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Pelvic ultrasound examination
b) State one (1) common indication for examination 2.5 Marks
Answer: (one of the following)
Lower abdominal pain
Abnormal PV bleeding
Irregular menses
c) State one (1) pathological condition seen 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Uterine fibroid
d) Name one (1) sonographic feature of the pathological condition 2.5 Marks
Answer:
Regular hypoechoic solid masses in the body of the uterus