THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE (NTA LEVEL 5) IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY
END OF SEMESTER I EXAMINATION
MODULE CODE: CRT 05205
MODULE NAME: SPECIALIZED RADIOGRAPHIC PRACTICES
OSPE
ANSWER GUIDE
MARCH, 2026
TIME: 30 MINUTES
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. INTEGRITY, AUTHENTICITY and DEVOTION must be observed during the whole
process of marking
2. Go through the answer guide carefully and if there are MAJOR changes which contribute to
the marks adjustment upon agreed by marking panel. The adjustments should be
communicated to the relevant authority
3. The final answer guide with adjustment of marks shall be submitted to the relevant authority
4. Write your initial signature authorized by the chief marker on the space provided for each
answer script you have marked
5. Chief marker will appoint verifiers for each question among markers
6. After marking process all answer scripts must be packed, sealed and kept in a secured place
STATION 1:
a) Identify the image 2 Marks
Answer:
Fluoroscopy unit
b) List two (2) patient preparation needed during the procedure done by the
projected equipment 2 Marks
Answer: (Any 2 @ 1mark)
Bowel preparation (laxatives, fasting).
Remove metallic objects and provide a suitable gown
Explain the procedure to obtain cooperation and reduce anxiety
Check for pregnancy status in female patients of childbearing age
c) State two (2) infection prevention measures you must apply during the
procedure done by the projected equipment 2 Marks
Answer: (Any 2 @ 1 mark)
Maintain strict aseptic technique during cannula insertion.
Use sterile gloves, drapes, and instruments.
Disinfect the examination table and equipment before and after the procedure.
Dispose of used materials (swabs, syringes) in appropriate biohazard containers.
d) Name four (4) radiation protection devices to wear when performing
procedure. 4 Marks
Answer:
lead goggles
Lead apron
Thyroid shield
Gonad shield
Lead gloves
STATION 2:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 2 Marks
Answer:
Urethrogram
b) How is contrast introduced when performing the procedure? 2 Marks
Answer:
Via urethral catheter (retrograde instillation).
c) Name two (2) anatomical structures demonstrated 4 Marks
Answer:
Anterior urethra (penile, bulbar)
Membranous urethra, bladder.
d) Mention one precaution of the procedure 2 Marks
Answer: (Any one of the following)
Maintain aseptic technique to prevent infection
Gently administering of the contrast
STATION 3:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 2 Marks
Answer:
Barium Enema
b) List four (4) anatomical structures that are demonstrated on this procedure
4 Marks
Answer: (Any 4 @ 1mark)
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum.
c) Name two (2) accessories used during the procedure 4 Marks
Answer: (Any 2 points @ 2 marks)
Rectal catheter with a balloon
Barium bag
Air insufflation
Fluoroscopy unit
Lubricant (KY gel)
STATION 4:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 3 Marks
Answer:
IVU/IVP
b) What type of contrast medium is used and by which route? 3 Marks
Answer:
Iodinated, water-soluble; intravenous injection.
c) List four (4) contraindications of performing this examination 4 Marks
Answer:
Severe renal failure
Contrast allergy
Anuria
Pregnancy
STATION 5:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 3 Marks
Answer:
Hysterosalpingography
b) What is the main indication for this examination? 2 Marks
Answer:
Evaluate tubal patency and uterine cavity (commonly for infertility assessment).
c) Name two (2) structures that are demonstrated on this procedure 2 Marks
Answer: (2 points @ 1 mark)
Uterine cavity
Fallopian tubes
d) State the route of contrast used in this procedure 3 Marks
Answer:
Through cervical opening
STATION 6:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 2 Marks
Answer:
Barium swallow
b) State three (3) indications for this study 3 Marks
Answer: (Any 3 @ 1 mark)
Difficulty in swallowing
Oesophageal Strictures
Oesophageal Obstruction
Oesophageal reflux
c) Name three (3) important preparations to the patient before undergoing this
procedure 3 Marks
Answer: (3 points @ 1 mark)
Fasting for 6–8 hours
Remove dentures or metallic objects
Explain procedure.
d) Name one (1) projection commonly used 2 Marks
Answer:
Anteroposterior erect view/projection
STATION 7:
a) Identify type of essential instrument radiographic kit 4 Marks
Answer:
Barium enema kit
b) List three (3) essential component found in this kit 3 Marks
Answer: (Any 3 @ 1 mark)
Enema bag or barium container
Connecting tubing with clamp
Rectal catheter or enema tip (with balloon)
Lubricating jelly
c) State one function of each of the above mentioned component 3 Marks
Answer:
Enema bag: Holds and maintains barium suspension for delivery.
Tubing with clamp: Regulates the flow rate of barium into the colon.
Rectal catheter: Delivers barium into the rectum and prevents leakage using the
balloon cuff.
Lubricating jelly: Minimizes discomfort and prevents mucosal injury during
insertion.
STATION 8:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 2 Marks
Answer:
Barium Meal
b) List two (2) main types of contrast techniques used 2 Marks
Answer: (2 points @ 1 mark)
Single-contrast
Double-contrast
c) Name two (2) common projections of this examination 2 Marks
Answer: (2 points @ 1 mark)
RAO
Lateral
AP/PA
Erect
LAO
d) Name the two (2) structures of interest to this image 4 Marks
Answer: (2 points @ 2 marks)
Stomach (fundus, body, pylorus)
Duodenum
STATION 9:
a) Identify type of radiographic examination 3 Marks
Answer:
Barium Follow Through
b) What is the primary purpose of this examination? 3 Marks
Answer:
Small bowel anatomy, motility, and pathology
c) State four (4) anatomical structures that are demonstrated 4 Marks
Answer: (Any 4 @ 1 mark)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
ileocecal valve
small bowel loops
STATION 10:
a) Identify type of essential instrument radiographic kit 4 Marks
Answer:
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) kit
b) Identify three (3) essential instruments found in the kit 3 Marks
Answer:
Speculum (Cusco’s or Sim’s)
Tenaculum / Vulsellum forceps
HSG cannula / Leech–Wilkinson cannula / Rubin cannula
Syringe (10–20 mL)
c) State one function for each core instrument in the kit mentioned above
3 Marks
Answer:
Speculum: Opens the vaginal walls for cervical access.
Tenaculum: Holds the cervix steady during cannula insertion.
HSG cannula: Delivers contrast into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
Syringe: Injects contrast medium under controlled pressure.