CNC PROGRAMMINGTURNING
[Document subtitle]
INSTITUTE OF HAND TOOL’S, JALANDHAR CENTRAL
MSME TECHNOLOGY CENTER
CNC PROGRAMMING TURNING
CHAPTER- 3RD
CNC TURNING MACHINE
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UNIT-1ST
CNC TURNING MACHINE
INTRODUCTION:
During the CNC turning process, a piece of material (wood, metal or plastic) is rotated and a
cutting tool is moved parallel to the axis of rotation to produce precise diameters and
depths. CNC turning can be performed on the outside of the workpiece or the inside (also
known as boring) to produce tubular components to various geometries.
CNC TURNING MACHINE
CNC Turning Machine Parts
1. Head Stock
2. CNC Lathe bed
3. Chuck
4. Tail Stock
5. Tail Stock Quill
6. Foot Switch or Foot Pedals
7. Control Panel
8. Tool Turret
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[Link]
Headstock of a cnc lathe machine have the main motor of cnc lathe machine which drives
the main spindle. Chuck is mounted on this main spindle.
Here is another cnc lathe machine, the headstock covers are removed, so you can see the Main
drive (Main Motor), Gears. Gears can be selected with the cnc programming instructions.
[Link] Lathe Bed
The tool turret travel over the cnc lathe bed, which is specially hardened so any kind of
machining can’t affect them.
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3. Chuck
CNC lathe machine chuck grips the component which are to be machined. Chuck itself has
many parts. Jaws are mounted on the chuck to grip the part.
4. Tailstock
Tailstock are mostly used to give an extra gripping force for component machining. For long
components machining they provide extra force on the other end so machining process can
complete smoothly. You can see in the above picture at the one end chuck is gripping the
component and on the other end tailstock is providing the extra force.
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5. Tailstock Quill
Actually you move the whole tailstock forward or reverse, but in that way it is not used to
grip the part, but tailstock is travelled to a point near the component and then it is set there,
after that you actuate the tailstock quill which travel either with hydraulic pressure or
pneumatic pressure to grip the component.
6. Foot Switch or Foot Pedals
Foot switches are used to actual the chuck and tailstock quill. Through these pedals cnc
machinist’s open and close the chuck to grip the component, the same way tailstock quill is
taken to forward position or reversed through theses pedals.
7. CNC Control Panel
The brain of the cnc machine, all the cnc program are stored inside this panel, cnc
machinists control the whole machine through the keys on this panel. CNC machinists
stat/stop the machine move axis by pressing different keys on this panel.
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They can enter new program by using this panel, programs can be transferred by using usb
port on this panel as well. So this is the main part which controls the whole cnc machine.
8. Tool Turret
The tool are mounted on the tool turret which are used for component machining. Tool
turrets vary in shapes and number of tools that can be mounted on them.
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UNIT-2ND
CNC TURNING OPERATIONS
Introduction:
CNC Machine do many kind of operations, which are named as following.
Types of operations:
1. Turning
2. Facing
3. Taper Turning
4. Chamfer
5. Radius
6. Grooving
7. Drilling
8. Boring
9. Parting
10. Threading
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1. Turning:
This operation is one of the most basic machining processes. That is, the part is
rotated while a single point cutting tool is moved parallel to the axis of rotation.
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2. Facing:
Facing in the context of turning work involves moving the cutting tool at right
angles to the axis of rotation of the rotating work piece.[1] This can be performed by the
operation of the cross-slide, if one is fitted, as distinct from the longitudinal feed (turning). It
is frequently the first operation performed in the production of the work piece.
3. Taper Turning:
Taper turning. When the diameter of a piece changes uniformly from one
end to the other, the piece is said to be tapered. Taper turning as a machining operation is
the gradual reduction in diameter from one part of a cylindrical work piece to another part.
Tapers can be either external or internal.
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4. Chamfer:
A chamfer is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes
defined as a form of bevel, it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-
angled faces.
5. Boring
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or
cast) by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such
as in boring a gun barrel or an engine cylinder.
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6. Drilling:
Drilling is used to remove material from the inside of a work piece. This process
utilizes standard drill bits held stationary in the tail stock or tool turret of the lathe. The
process can be done by separately available drilling machines.
7. Knurling:
Knurling is a process of impressing a diamond shaped or straight line pattern into the
surface of a work piece by using specially shaped hardened metal wheels to improve its appearance
and to provide a better gripping surface.
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8. Threading:
Threading is an operation that uses a single-point tool to produce a thread form on a
cylinder or cone. The tool moves linearly while the precise rotation of the work piece determines the
lead of the thread.
Tools used for machining process
Introduction:
A cutting tool or cutter is any tool that is used to remove some material from the
work piece by means of shear deformation. Cutting may be accomplished by single-point or
multipoint tools. Single-point tools are used in turning, shaping, planing and similar operations, and
remove material by means of one cutting edge.
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Following are the types of cutting tools used in CNC Lathe Machine.
1. Turning Tool:
2. Boring Tool:
3. Drill Bit:
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4. Grooving tool:
5. Knurling tool:
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6. Parting tool:
7. Threading tool:
Assignment:
1. Define CNC Lathe machine?
2. Write Different parts of CNC Machine & Explain?
3. Write Different Programs names and process?
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