JAVA

PROGRAMMING
Complete Course

From Zero to Professional Developer

Beginner | Intermediate | Advanced

Java 17+ | OOP | Collections | Generics | Streams | Concurrency | Spring Boot

14 Chapters | 100+ Code Examples | Best Practices

Java Programming Full Course | Page 1

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 — Introduction to Java

› History & Features
› JDK / JRE / JVM
› First Program
› Compile & Run

Chapter 2 — Java Basics

› Primitive Types
› Variables & Constants
› Operators
› Type Casting
› Scanner Input

Chapter 3 — Control Flow

› if/else/switch
› for/while/do-while
› break & continue

Chapter 4 — Arrays & Strings

› 1D & 2D Arrays
› String Methods
› StringBuilder
› Formatting

Chapter 5 — Object-Oriented Programming

› Classes & Objects
› Encapsulation
› Inheritance
› Polymorphism
› Abstraction

Chapter 6 — Interfaces & Abstract Classes

› Interface Syntax
› Default/Static Methods
› Abstract Classes

Chapter 7 — Exception Handling

› try/catch/finally
› Custom Exceptions
› Checked vs Unchecked
› try-with-resources

Chapter 8 — Collections Framework

› List
› Set
› Map
› Queue & PriorityQueue

Chapter 9 — Generics
› Generic Classes
› Generic Methods

Java Programming Full Course | Page 2

 › Wildcards

Chapter 10 — Java 8+ Features

› Lambdas
› Stream API
› Optional
› Date/Time API

Chapter 11 — File I/O & NIO

› Classic I/O
› NIO.2 Paths
› Serialization

Chapter 12 — Concurrency
› Threads
› Synchronization
› ExecutorService
› CompletableFuture

Chapter 13 — Design Patterns

› Singleton
› Builder
› Observer
› Strategy

Chapter 14 — Spring Boot

› Setup
› REST Controllers
› JPA Entities
› Repository

Java Programming Full Course | Page 3

 Chapter 1

Introduction to Java

Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems and released in 1995. Today Java powers billions of devices — from Android smartphones
to large-scale enterprise banking systems.

1.1 History & Key Features

Java's central motto is "Write Once, Run Anywhere" . Source code is compiled to platform-neutral
bytecode that any JVM can execute.

<b>Feature</b> <b>Description</b>

Platform Independent Compiled to bytecode; runs on any OS with a JVM.

Object-Oriented Everything modelled around objects and classes.

Strongly Typed Every variable must be declared with a type.

Garbage Collection Automatic memory management — no manual free().

Multithreaded Built-in thread support via [Link].

Secure No raw pointers; bytecode verifier before execution.

Rich API Thousands of ready-to-use classes in the standard library.

1.2 JDK, JRE, and JVM

JVM — executes bytecode, handles GC, security, threads.
JRE — JVM plus standard class libraries. Used to run Java apps.
JDK — JRE plus javac, jdb, javadoc. Used to develop Java apps.

Tip: Which do I need?

Install the JDK — it contains everything. Download from [Link] (free OpenJDK builds).

1.3 Your First Java Program

// [Link]

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Java Programming Full Course | Page 4

 [Link]("Hello, World!");

• public class HelloWorld — class name must match the filename

• public static void main(String[] args) — JVM entry point
• [Link](...) — prints text + newline to stdout

1.4 Compile & Run

// Terminal

javac [Link] # produces [Link]

java HelloWorld # Output: Hello, World!

Note: IDE Tip

IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition (free) and VS Code + Java Extension Pack are excellent free IDEs.

Java Programming Full Course | Page 5

 Chapter 2

Java Basics

2.1 Primitive Data Types

<b>Type</b> <b>Size</b><b>Default</b><b>Example</b>

byte 8-bit 0 byte b = 127;

short 16-bit 0 short s = 32000;

int 32-bit 0 int i = 42;

long 64-bit 0L long l = 9876543210L;

float 32-bit 0.0f float f = 3.14f;

double 64-bit 0.0d double d = 3.14159;

char 16-bit '\u0000' char c = 'A';

boolean 1-bit false boolean flag = true;

2.2 Variables & Constants

// Variables, Constants, var

int age = 25;

String name = "Alice";

double pi = 3.14159;

final int MAX = 100; // constant

var message = "Hello"; // Java 10+, inferred as String

var count = 0; // inferred as int

2.3 Operators

Java Programming Full Course | Page 6

 <b>Category</b> <b>Operators</b> <b>Purpose</b>

Arithmetic + - * / % ++ -- Math operations

Relational == != > < >= <= Comparison -> boolean

Logical && || ! Boolean logic

Assignment = += -= *= /= Assign values

Ternary cond ? a : b Inline if/else

instanceof obj instanceof T Type check

2.4 Type Casting

// Widening and Narrowing

// Widening (implicit, safe)

int i = 100;

double d = i; // 100.0

// Narrowing (explicit, may lose data)

double pi = 3.99;

int trunc = (int) pi; // 3

// String conversions

int n = [Link]("42");

String s = [Link](42);

2.5 Scanner Input

// Reading User Input

import [Link];

Java Programming Full Course | Page 7

 Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter age: ");

int age = [Link]();

[Link]();

Warning: Always close Scanner

Call [Link]() to release the resource, or wrap in try-with-resources.

Java Programming Full Course | Page 8

 Chapter 3

Control Flow

3.1 if / else if / else

// Grading Example

int score = 85;

if (score >= 90) [Link]("A");

else if (score >= 80) [Link]("B");

else if (score >= 70) [Link]("C");

else [Link]("F");

3.2 switch

// Traditional and Enhanced Switch

// Traditional

switch (day) {

case "MON": case "FRI": [Link]("Workday"); break;

case "SAT": case "SUN": [Link]("Weekend"); break;

default: [Link]("Midweek");

// Enhanced switch expression (Java 14+)

String type = switch (day) {

Java Programming Full Course | Page 9

 case "SAT","SUN" -> "Weekend";

default -> "Weekday";

};

3.3 Loops

// for, while, do-while

// for loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) [Link](i);

// enhanced for-each

int[] nums = {10, 20, 30};

for (int n : nums) [Link](n);

// while loop

int x = 0;

while (x < 5) { [Link](x); x++; }

// do-while — runs at least once

int y = 0;

do { [Link](y); y++; } while (y < 3);

3.4 break and continue

// break and continue

// break — exit loop

Java Programming Full Course | Page 10

for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { if(i==5) break; [Link](i+" "); }

// prints: 0 1 2 3 4

// continue — skip iteration

for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {

if(i%2==0) continue;

[Link](i+" ");

// prints: 1 3 5 7 9

Java Programming Full Course | Page 11

 Chapter 4

Arrays & Strings

4.1 Arrays

// 1D and 2D Arrays

int[] arr = new int[5]; // all zeros

int[] arr2 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // literal

arr2[0] = 100;

[Link]([Link]); // 5

// 2D array

int[][] grid = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}};

[Link](grid[1][2]); // 6

// Arrays utility

import [Link];

[Link](arr2);

[Link]([Link](arr2));

4.2 String Methods

Strings are immutable objects. Every modification produces a new String instance.

// Common String Methods

Java Programming Full Course | Page 12

 String s = " Hello, World! ";

[Link]() // 18

[Link]() // "Hello, World!"

[Link]() // " HELLO, WORLD! "

[Link]("World") // 9

[Link]("Hello") // true

[Link]("World","Java") // " Hello, Java! "

[Link](2, 7) // "Hello"

[Link](", ") // [" Hello", "World! "]

[Link]() // Java 11+ unicode trim

[Link]() // Java 11+ — true if only whitespace

4.3 StringBuilder
Use StringBuilder for repeated string building — it is mutable and avoids creating many intermediate
String objects.

// StringBuilder

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

[Link]("Hello").append(", ").append("World");

[Link](5, " Beautiful");

[Link](5, 15);

[Link]();

String result = [Link]();

4.4 String Formatting

Java Programming Full Course | Page 13

// Format and Text Blocks

String msg = [Link]("%-10s %3d %.2f", "Alice", 30, 3.875);

[Link]("%-10s %3d%n", "Alice", 30);

// Text block (Java 15+)

String json = """

"name": "Alice",

"age": 30

}""";

Java Programming Full Course | Page 14

 Chapter 5

Object-Oriented Programming

5.1 Classes & Objects

// Car Class

public class Car {

private String make, model;

private int year;

private double speed;

public Car(String make, String model, int year) {

[Link]=make; [Link]=model; [Link]=year;

public void accelerate(double amt) { speed += amt; }

public void brake(double amt) { speed = [Link](0, speed-amt); }

@Override

public String toString() {

return year+" "+make+" "+model+" @ "+speed+"km/h";

Java Programming Full Course | Page 15

 Car c = new Car("Toyota","Camry",2023);

[Link](60); [Link](20);

[Link](c); // 2023 Toyota Camry @ 40.0km/h

5.2 Encapsulation
Bundle data (fields) and behaviour (methods) in a class. Use private fields with public getters/setters to
control access.

// Getters, Setters, Validation

public String getMake() { return make; }

public double getSpeed() { return speed; }

public void setYear(int y) {

if (y >= 1886 && y <= 2100) [Link] = y;

else throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad year");

5.3 Inheritance

// ElectricCar extends Car

public class ElectricCar extends Car {

private int battery = 100;

public ElectricCar(String make, String model, int year) {

super(make, model, year);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 16

 public void charge() { battery = 100; }

@Override public String toString() {

return [Link]() + " [Bat:"+battery+"%]";

5.4 Polymorphism

// Runtime Polymorphism

Car[] fleet = { new Car("Ford","Focus",2020),

new ElectricCar("Tesla","Model 3",2023) };

for (Car c : fleet) {

[Link](c); // correct toString() called

Tip: Prefer Composition over Inheritance

Ask 'IS-A or HAS-A?' before inheriting. Composition is more flexible and avoids deep class hierarchies.

Java Programming Full Course | Page 17

 Chapter 6

Interfaces & Abstract Classes

6.1 Interfaces

// Interface with Default Method

public interface Drawable {

void draw(); // abstract (must implement)

default void print() { // concrete (can override)

[Link]("Printing: "+getClass().getSimpleName());

static Drawable noOp() { return () -> {}; }

public interface Resizable {

void resize(double factor);

// Multiple interface implementation

public class Circle implements Drawable, Resizable {

private double radius;

public Circle(double r) { [Link] = r; }

@Override public void draw() { [Link]("O r="+radius); }

Java Programming Full Course | Page 18

 @Override public void resize(double f) { radius *= f; }

6.2 Abstract Classes

// Abstract Shape Hierarchy

public abstract class Shape {

protected String color;

public Shape(String color) { [Link] = color; }

public abstract double area();

public abstract double perimeter();

public void describe() {

[Link]("%s area=%.2f%n", color, area());

public class Rectangle extends Shape {

private double w, h;

public Rectangle(String c, double w, double h) {

super(c); this.w=w; this.h=h;

@Override public double area() { return w*h; }

Java Programming Full Course | Page 19

 @Override public double perimeter() { return 2*(w+h); }

Note: Interface vs Abstract Class

Interface: contract for unrelated classes; no shared state.

Abstract class: shared fields or behaviour; use when IS-A relationship is clear.

Java Programming Full Course | Page 20

 Chapter 7

Exception Handling

All exceptions extend Throwable . Errors (JVM problems) should not be caught. Exception splits into
checked (must handle) and unchecked (RuntimeException).

7.1 try / catch / finally

// Basic Exception Handling

public int divide(int a, int b) {

try {

return a / b;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

[Link]("Divide by zero: " + [Link]());

return 0;

} finally {

[Link]("always runs");

// Multi-catch (Java 7+)

try {

int[] arr = new int[5];

arr[10] = [Link]("abc");

} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException | NumberFormatException e) {

Java Programming Full Course | Page 21

 [Link]("Caught: " + e);

7.2 Custom Exceptions

// Custom Checked Exception

public class InsufficientFundsException extends Exception {

private final double shortfall;

public InsufficientFundsException(double shortfall) {

super("Need " + shortfall + " more");

[Link] = shortfall;

public double getShortfall() { return shortfall; }

public void withdraw(double amount) throws InsufficientFundsException {

if (amount > balance) throw new InsufficientFundsException(amount-balance);

balance -= amount;

7.3 try-with-resources
Automatically calls close() on any AutoCloseable resource — no finally needed.

// try-with-resources

try (var reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("[Link]"))) {

[Link]().forEach([Link]::println);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 22

} catch (IOException e) {

[Link]();

} // reader closed automatically

Java Programming Full Course | Page 23

 Chapter 8

Collections Framework

The Java Collections Framework provides unified interfaces and implementations for groups of objects.
List , Set , Map , and Queue are the main interfaces.

8.1 List — ArrayList & LinkedList

// List Operations

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

[Link]("Apple"); [Link]("Cherry");

[Link](1, "Banana"); // insert at index

[Link]("Banana");

[Link](0); // "Apple"

[Link](list);

// LinkedList as Deque

LinkedList<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<>();

[Link](1); [Link](3);

[Link](); [Link]();

8.2 Set — HashSet & TreeSet

// Set Operations

Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();

[Link]("A"); [Link]("B"); [Link]("A"); // 2 elements

Java Programming Full Course | Page 24

 // TreeSet — sorted

Set<Integer> sorted = new TreeSet<>([Link](5,2,8,1,3));

[Link](sorted); // [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]

8.3 Map — HashMap & TreeMap

// Map Operations

Map<String,Integer> scores = new HashMap<>();

[Link]("Alice",95); [Link]("Bob",87);

[Link]("Dave",0); // 0

[Link]("Alice",50); // not replaced

[Link]("Eve", k -> [Link]()); // 3

for (var entry : [Link]())

[Link]([Link]()+" -> "+[Link]());

8.4 Queue & PriorityQueue

// Queue and PriorityQueue

Queue<String> q = new LinkedList<>();

[Link]("Task1"); [Link]("Task2");

[Link](); // "Task1" (no remove)

[Link](); // "Task1" (removes)

PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();

[Link]([Link](5,1,3,2,4));

Java Programming Full Course | Page 25

while (![Link]()) [Link]([Link]()+" "); // 1 2 3 4 5

Java Programming Full Course | Page 26

 Chapter 9

Generics

Generics provide compile-time type safety and eliminate explicit casts. They allow classes and methods to
operate on types specified as parameters.

9.1 Generic Classes

// Generic Pair Class

public class Pair<A, B> {

private final A first;

private final B second;

public Pair(A first, B second) {

[Link] = first; [Link] = second;

public A getFirst() { return first; }

public B getSecond() { return second; }

@Override public String toString() {

return "(" + first + ", " + second + ")";

var p = new Pair<>("age", 30);

[Link](p); // (age, 30)

Java Programming Full Course | Page 27

9.2 Generic Methods & Bounded Types

// Bounded Type Parameter

public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T max(T a, T b) {

return [Link](b) >= 0 ? a : b;

max(3, 7); // 7

max("apple","banana"); // banana

9.3 Wildcards

// Wildcards

// Unbounded

public void printList(List<?> list) { [Link]([Link]::println); }

// Upper bounded — can read as Number

public double sum(List<? extends Number> list) {

return [Link]().mapToDouble(Number::doubleValue).sum();

// Lower bounded — can add Integer

public void addNums(List<? super Integer> list) {

[Link](1); [Link](2);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 28

 Chapter 10

Java 8+ Features

10.1 Lambda Expressions

Lambdas implement functional interfaces (single abstract method). Syntax: (params) -> expression or {
block }

// Lambda Examples

Runnable r = () -> [Link]("Running!");

Comparator<String> byLen = (a,b) -> [Link]()-[Link]();

Predicate<Integer> isEven = n -> n % 2 == 0;

Function<String,Integer> len = String::length; // method ref

Consumer<String> print = [Link]::println;

Supplier<List<String>> factory = ArrayList::new;

List<String> names = [Link]("Charlie","Alice","Bob");

[Link]()

.filter(n -> [Link]("A"))

.sorted()

.forEach([Link]::println);

10.2 Stream API

// Stream Pipeline

List<Integer> nums = [Link](1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 29

 int sumOfSquaresOfEvens = [Link]()

.filter(n -> n%2==0)

.mapToInt(n -> n*n)

.sum(); // 220

Map<Integer,List<String>> byLen = [Link]("hi","hello","hey")

.collect([Link](String::length));

// flatMap

List<List<Integer>> nested = [Link]([Link](1,2), [Link](3,4));

List<Integer> flat = [Link]()

.flatMap(Collection::stream)

.collect([Link]()); // [1,2,3,4]

10.3 Optional

// Optional Usage

Optional<String> opt = [Link](getValue());

String val = [Link]("default");

String val2 = [Link](() -> compute());

[Link]([Link]::println);

Optional<Integer> len = [Link](String::length);

String must = [Link](() -> new RuntimeException("Missing"));

Java Programming Full Course | Page 30

10.4 New Date/Time API ([Link])

// [Link] Examples

LocalDate today = [Link]();

LocalDateTime dt = [Link]();

ZonedDateTime zdt = [Link]([Link]("Asia/Kolkata"));

String fmt = [Link]([Link]("dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm"));

LocalDate next = [Link](7);

long days = [Link](today, next); // 7

Period p = [Link]([Link](1990,1,1), today);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 31

 Chapter 11

File I/O & NIO

11.1 Classic [Link]

// Read and Write Files

// Write

try (var w = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("[Link]"))) {

[Link]("Hello, File!"); [Link]();

// Read

try (var r = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("[Link]"))) {

String line;

while ((line = [Link]()) != null) [Link](line);

11.2 NIO.2 ([Link])

// Files and Path (Java 11+)

Path p = [Link]("[Link]");

[Link](p, [Link]("line1","line2"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

List<String> lines = [Link](p);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 32

 String content = [Link](p); // Java 11+

// Walk directory

[Link]([Link]("./src"))

.filter(f -> [Link]().endsWith(".java"))

.forEach([Link]::println);

[Link](p, [Link]("[Link]"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

[Link]([Link]("[Link]"));

11.3 Object Serialization

// Serialize & Deserialize

// POJO must implement Serializable

public class Person implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

String name; int age;

// Save

try (var oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("[Link]"))) {

[Link](new Person());

// Load

Java Programming Full Course | Page 33

try (var ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("[Link]"))) {

Person p = (Person) [Link]();

Java Programming Full Course | Page 34

 Chapter 12

Concurrency & Multithreading

12.1 Creating Threads

// Thread and Runnable

// Extend Thread

class Worker extends Thread {

@Override public void run() { [Link](getName()); }

new Worker().start();

// Runnable lambda (preferred)

Thread t = new Thread(() -> [Link]("Lambda thread"));

[Link]();

[Link](); // wait for t to finish

12.2 Synchronization

// Synchronized Methods

public class BankAccount {

private double balance;

public synchronized void deposit(double amt) { balance += amt; }

Java Programming Full Course | Page 35

 public void withdraw(double amt) {

synchronized (this) {

if (balance >= amt) balance -= amt;

12.3 ExecutorService

// Thread Pool

ExecutorService pool = [Link](4);

for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {

final int id = i;

[Link](() -> [Link]("Task "+id));

Future<Integer> f = [Link](() -> { [Link](500); return 42; });

[Link]([Link]()); // blocks until ready

[Link]();

12.4 CompletableFuture (Java 8+)

// Async Composition

CompletableFuture<String> cf =

Java Programming Full Course | Page 36

[Link](() -> fetchData())

.thenApply(d -> process(d))

.thenApply(String::toUpperCase)

.exceptionally(ex -> "ERROR: " + [Link]());

// Combine two futures

[Link](() -> "Hello")

.thenCombine([Link](() -> " World"),

(a,b) -> a+b)

.thenAccept([Link]::println);

Java Programming Full Course | Page 37

 Chapter 13

Design Patterns

Design patterns are proven solutions to recurring software design problems, grouped into Creational ,
Structural , and Behavioral categories.

13.1 Singleton (Creational)

// Double-Checked Locking Singleton

public class Config {

private static volatile Config instance;

private Config() {}

public static Config getInstance() {

if (instance == null) {

synchronized ([Link]) {

if (instance == null) instance = new Config();

return instance;

13.2 Builder (Creational)

// Builder Pattern

Java Programming Full Course | Page 38

 public class Pizza {

private String size; private boolean cheese, pepperoni;

private Pizza(Builder b){size=[Link];cheese=[Link];pepperoni=[Link];}

public static class Builder {

private String size;

private boolean cheese, pepperoni;

public Builder size(String s) { size=s; return this; }

public Builder cheese() { cheese=true; return this; }

public Builder pepperoni() { pepperoni=true; return this; }

public Pizza build() { return new Pizza(this); }

Pizza p = new [Link]().size("LARGE").cheese().build();

13.3 Observer (Behavioral)

// Observer Pattern

interface Observer { void update(String event); }

class EventBus {

private final List<Observer> obs = new ArrayList<>();

public void subscribe(Observer o) { [Link](o); }

Java Programming Full Course | Page 39

 public void unsubscribe(Observer o) { [Link](o); }

public void publish(String e) { [Link](o -> [Link](e)); }

EventBus bus = new EventBus();

[Link](e -> [Link]("Log: "+e));

[Link](e -> [Link]("Email: "+e));

[Link]("UserRegistered");

13.4 Strategy (Behavioral)

// Strategy Pattern

interface SortStrategy { void sort(int[] data); }

class BubbleSort implements SortStrategy { @Override public void sort(int[] d){} }

class QuickSort implements SortStrategy { @Override public void sort(int[] d){} }

class Sorter {

private SortStrategy strategy;

public Sorter(SortStrategy s) { strategy = s; }

public void sort(int[] d) { [Link](d); }

Sorter sorter = new Sorter(new QuickSort());

[Link](new int[]{5,2,8,1,9});

Java Programming Full Course | Page 40

 Chapter 14

Introduction to Spring Boot

Spring Boot makes it easy to create production-grade Spring applications with minimal configuration, an
embedded Tomcat server, and auto-configuration.

14.1 Project Setup

Visit [Link] to generate a project. Select Maven, Java 17+, and add: Spring Web, Spring
Data JPA, H2 Database.

// [Link] — key starters

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>

<artifactId>h2</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope>

</dependency>

14.2 REST Controller

// [Link]

Java Programming Full Course | Page 41

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/api/users")

public class UserController {

private final UserService service;

public UserController(UserService service) { [Link]=service; }

@GetMapping

public List<User> all() { return [Link](); }

@GetMapping("/{id}")

public ResponseEntity<User> one(@PathVariable Long id) {

return [Link](id)

.map(ResponseEntity::ok)

.orElse([Link]().build());

@PostMapping

@ResponseStatus([Link])

public User create(@RequestBody User user) { return [Link](user); }

@DeleteMapping("/{id}")

@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)

public void delete(@PathVariable Long id) { [Link](id); }

Java Programming Full Course | Page 42

 }

14.3 JPA Entity & Repository

// User Entity and Repository

@Entity @Table(name="users")

public class User {

@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=[Link])

private Long id;

@Column(nullable=false) private String name;

@Column(unique=true) private String email;

// getters / setters

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> {

List<User> findByNameContainingIgnoreCase(String name);

Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);

Tip: Running the App

Add @SpringBootApplication to your main class and run it. Tomcat starts on port 8080. Change with
[Link]=8081 in [Link].

Java Programming Full Course | Page 43

 Congratulations! What's Next?

Modern Java
• Records & Sealed Classes (Java 17)
• Pattern Matching & switch expressions
• Virtual Threads (Project Loom — Java 21)
• GraalVM Native Image

Frameworks
• Spring Security & OAuth2
• Spring Cloud Microservices
• Quarkus / Micronaut
• Jakarta EE

Testing
• JUnit 5 & Parameterized Tests
• Mockito for mocking
• Testcontainers (integration tests)
• AssertJ fluent assertions

Build & DevOps

• Maven / Gradle advanced
• Docker & Kubernetes
• CI/CD with GitHub Actions
• Monitoring with Spring Actuator + Prometheus

Happy Coding! Keep building!

Java Programming Full Course | Page 44