Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF RIZAL
San Jose-Litex Senior High School
MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING
SELF-LEARNING KIT
By
Kevin John D. Elchico, [Link]
HUMAN PERSON AND SOCIETY
For Distance Learning (Localized for Students Affected by the Typhoon)
_________________________________
Student’s Name
_________________________________
Section
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Philosophy Teacher
Introduction
Dear Learner,
We hope that you and your family are safe after the recent typhoon. We
understand that many students may have limited access to electricity, internet
connection, or school facilities. This Self-Learning Kit (SLK) was prepared so that you
can continue learning at your own pace using only this printed material.
You may answer the activities in a notebook or on any available paper. If you
cannot finish everything in one sitting, you may continue whenever you have time. Do
not worry if you make mistakes—they are part of learning.
If possible, discuss the activities with your parents, siblings, or any family
member. Once classes resume, submit your completed outputs to your teacher.
Stay safe and keep learning!
Sir Kevin John Elchico
Philosophy Teacher
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define society and sociocultural evolution.
2. Differentiate the different forms of society.
3. Explain the views of classical philosophers about society.
4. Compare the Social Contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
5. Explain the concept of socialization and its importance in community life.
6. Apply the concepts learned to the experiences of communities recovering from a
typhoon.
LET’S START YOUR JOURNEY EVEN AT HOME!
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Society is best defined as ________.
A. a collection of buildings
B. a group of people living together under common authority
C. a political organization only
D. a business organization
2. Which is the earliest form of society?
A. Agricultural
B. Industrial
C. Hunting and Gathering
D. Virtual
3. Which philosopher believed that humans are naturally political beings?
A. Hobbes
B. Locke
C. Aristotle
D. Confucius
4. Which philosopher believed that people surrender some freedoms to the
government in exchange for protection?
A. Plato
B. Hobbes
C. Aristotle
D. Confucius
5. Socialization refers to ________.
A. creating businesses
B. learning society's norms and values
C. producing goods
D. governing a country
Lesson Proper
What is Society?
Society is a group of people living within a particular territory who share common
political authority and recognize themselves as members of one community. Society also
refers to the network of relationships that connects individuals.
After a typhoon, we can clearly see how society works. Families help one another,
neighbors share food, volunteers distribute relief goods, and local government units
coordinate rescue operations. These actions show that society depends on cooperation
and shared responsibility.
Sociocultural Evolution
Sociocultural evolution refers to the gradual development of society as culture
and technology become more advanced. As people develop better tools, knowledge, and
ways of living, society also changes.
Forms of Society
1. Hunting and Gathering Society
People survive by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants. They move
frequently in search of food and have little specialization of work.
2. Pastoral Society
People depend on domesticated animals for transportation and food.
3. Horticultural Society
People cultivate vegetables, fruits, and plants using simple tools like hoes and
digging sticks.
4. Agricultural Society
Large-scale farming becomes possible because of improved technology. Food
production increases, populations grow, and trade develops.
5. Industrial Society
Machines produce goods more efficiently. Work becomes specialized, but Karl
Marx argued that workers may experience alienation because work becomes repetitive
and less meaningful. George Ritzer also explained that industrial societies become more
standardized through "McDonaldization."
6. Post-Industrial Society
Service industries become more important than manufacturing. Many people
work by providing services instead of producing physical goods.
7. Virtual Society
People interact through the internet using social media, online communities, and
digital communication platforms. While virtual societies encourage communication,
they may also reduce personal interaction.
The Nature of Society
Different philosophers explained society in different ways.
Confucius
Confucius believed that society should be guided by virtue, harmony, empathy
(ren), moderation (zhong-yong), and proper behavior.
Plato
Plato believed that an ideal society is ruled by wise philosopher-kings. Every
member of society should perform his or her proper role to maintain harmony.
Aristotle
Aristotle believed that humans are naturally social or political beings. According
to him, the family develops into villages, and villages become states.
Social Contract
The Social Contract explains that people voluntarily establish governments for
mutual benefit.
Thomas Hobbes
Humans are naturally selfish. To avoid disorder, people give some freedom to
the government in exchange for peace and security.
John Locke
People possess natural rights such as life, liberty, and property. Governments
exist to protect these rights and may be replaced if they fail to do so.
Socialization
Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms,
values, beliefs, and behaviors of society. It helps people become responsible members
of their communities.
Activities/Tasks
Activity 1: Matching Type
Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
____1. Hobbes A. Philosopher-kings
____2. Aristotle B. Natural rights
____3. Locke C. Political animal
____4. Plato D. Peace through government
____5. Confucius E. Virtue and harmony
Activity 2: Identify the Form of Society
Write the correct answer.
1. Society that depends on machinery __________________
2. Society based on internet communities __________________
3. Earliest type of society __________________
4. Society relying on farming __________________
5. Society focused on services __________________
Activity 3: Localized Reflection
Imagine that your community has just experienced a strong typhoon.
Answer the following:
1. How did your family and neighbors help one another?
2. Which philosopher's idea best describes the cooperation in your community?
Why?
3. Why is socialization important during disasters?
Write your answers in 5–7 sentences.
Generalization
Society is composed of people connected through relationships and shared
responsibilities. Throughout history, societies have evolved from hunting and gathering
communities to today's virtual societies. Philosophers such as Confucius, Plato,
Aristotle, Hobbes, and Locke offered different explanations about how society should
function. Socialization helps individuals learn values and behaviors that strengthen
communities, especially during difficult situations such as typhoons.
Post-Assessment
Choose the correct answer.
1. Which philosopher believed in protecting natural rights?
A. Plato
B. Locke
C. Hobbes
D. Aristotle
2. Which form of society mainly provides services instead of producing goods?
A. Agricultural
B. Industrial
C. Post-industrial
D. Hunting and Gathering
3. Society is primarily a system of ________.
A. businesses
B. transportation
C. interrelationships
D. governments
4. Which concept explains how people learn social values?
A. Industrialization
B. Socialization
C. Evolution
D. Urbanization
5. During a typhoon, helping neighbors demonstrates ________.
A. selfishness
B. social responsibility
C. competition
D. isolation
Community Observation
Observe your surroundings.
List at least five examples of cooperation or community recovery efforts that you
can see after the typhoon (clean-up drives, food sharing, repairing homes, volunteer
work, etc.).
Explain why these activities are important for rebuilding society.
References
Delgado, A. (2021). Outline Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person. Diego
Printing Press.
Calano, M. J., et al. (2016). Philosophizing and Being Human: A Textbook for
Senior High School. Sibs Publishing House.
Chaffee, J. (2016). The Philosopher's Way: A Text with Readings. Pearson.
Corrigall-Brown, C. (2020). Imagining Sociology: An Introduction with Readings.
Oxford University Press.
Gallinero, W., & Estaris, R. J. (2017). Introduction to Philosophy of the Human
Person. Mutya Publishing House.
Giddens, A., et al. (2018). Introduction to Sociology (11th ed.). W. W. Norton &
Company.
Joven, J. R., & Perez, R. C. (2018). Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person
(Revised ed.). Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Schaefer, R. (2017). Sociology: A Brief Introduction (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill
Education.
Sioco, M. P., & Vinzons, I. (2016). Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person.
Vibal Group.
Williams, Y., & Chapel, L. (2015, September 12). Types of Societies in Sociology.
[Link].