Present Simple
Uploaded by
pasquale.minieriPresent Simple
Uploaded by
pasquale.minieriINGLESE
THE STRUCTURE: SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
I,YOU,SHE,HE,IT,WE,YOU,THEY
The structure the
language in 3 parts:
1. SUBJECT
2. VERB (in the base
form). VERB IN THE BASE FORM WITHOUT TO:
EAT, GO , PLAY, etc..
3. OBJECT or the
complement or
complete sentence
has a subject and
OBJECT:
verb.
MAN,BOY,MUSICIAN,etc..
SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT MAURO+EATS+AN APPLE
ARTICLE: A/AN/THE:
• INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/AN es. A boy, a ball, an orange, an apple.
• DEFINITIVE ARTICLES: THE
You can use "THE" in front of singular or plural nouns. And usually it is used after the second
time mentioning something or when we want to be specific.
es. i have many doors in my house, but the front door is the biggest.
Use also you the with the superlative es. The biggest.
Or if there is one of something es. The Queen of England, The prime minister of Italy.
ADVERB OF FREQUENCY:
ALWAYS, USUALLY, NORMALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, RERELY, HARDLY,
EVER, SELDOM, NEVER.
es. I usually play my instrument in the afternoon.
ADJECTIVES: The came before the noun: es. The red house, blue cat, etc..
We use the PRESENT SIMPLE:
1. To speak about thing we do regularly es. i usually eat fish on friday.
2. Schedules: es. The Conservatorio open the 8am.
3. Scientific facts: es. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
4. Describing people, animals and thing on the way they are: The house
is small but cozy.
5. Future: es. My mother cames tomorrow.
6. Thing that we like, love, want, need and have es. I likes cats.
DO/DOES/CAN: For questions and negative in the present simple.
es. Do you have any programs for this weekend? Can slam-dunk a basketball?
NEGATIVE: DO/DOES NOT/CANNOT:
es. He doesn't play the piano in the afternoon, I can't slam-dunk a basketball.
LIKE + OBJECT LIKE + VERB + ING
DISLIKE + OBJECT DISLIKE + VERB + ING
LIKE + TO + VERB
es. like cheese.
I like icecream.
LIKE EAT+ ING CHEESE.
She likes eating chocolate, but she dislikes cheese cake.
She loves cooking spaghetti, but she dislikes cleaning the kitchen afterwards.
BUT,AND,SO
es. He hates rock music, but adores new age music.
She loves eating and eats all day long.
PRESENT CONTINUOS:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS FORM: SUBJECT + BE + VERB in base form + ING
es. I am attending the English classroom I + AM + ATTEND + IN + AN ENGLISH CLASSROM
PRESENT CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE FORM: SUBJCET + BE + NOT + VERB in base form +
ING
es. I am not attending an English class, I'm sleeping instead.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE FORM: BE + SUBJECT + VERB in base form +
ING
es. Is she sleeping in class or is she attending the lesson?
We use Present continuous for speaking about:
1. Things that are happening now.
es. I'm writing setences in my English note book.
I'm talking to you.
2. Describing a picture, for future events.
es. I'm going to the Conservatorio on Saturday
It's going to rain tomorrow or later on today.
3. Complaining (lamentarsi di qualcuno o qualcosa)
es. She is always touching my instument.
He is always playing my piano without my permission.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN P.C AND P.S
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMULATION: es. I play tennis. es. I am playing tennis.
She plays tennis. She is plays tennis.
USAGE: FACTS: ACTION IN PROGRESS NOW:
es. I live in England es. I'm talking to you.
You're listening to me
HABITS:
es. I usually shop on
saturday
PAST SIMPLE
DEFINITION OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now.
The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the
recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.
es. john Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated
with certain past time expressions:
• FREQUENCY: often, sometimes, always
es. I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
• A DEFINITE POINT IN TIME: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
es. We saw a good film last week.
She finished her work at seven o'clock.
• AN INDEFINITE POINT IN TIME: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
es. People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the
period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
PATTERNS OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR REGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE PAST, IRREGULAR VERBS:
Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most
common ones.
TO GO
es. He WENT to a club last night.
DID HE GO to the cinema last night?
He DIDN?T GO to bed early last night.
TO GIVE
es. We GAVE her a doll for her birthday.
They DIDN'T GIVE John their new adress.
DID BARRY GIVE you my passport?
TO COME
es. My parents CAME to visit me last July.
We DIDN?T COME because it was raining.
DID HE COME to your party last week?
PAST CONTINUOUS
IS USED TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST
SUBJECT +BE ( in the past)+ VERB in the base form + ING
es. HE +WAS +WALK +ING in the park.
He was sitting on the dock of the bay.
She was walking up a hill.
WHEN AND WHILE
PAST CONTINUOUS + PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS + PAST SIMPLE
ex. I was watching tv when I heard the citofono ring.
I was cooking whilst my mother was cleaning.
I fell down whilst I was as running for the bus.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS
P.S= I travelled to paris last months. THIS ACTION STARTED AND FINISH IN THE PAST
P.C= I was doing my homework THIS ACTION IS LONG ACTION WHICH TOOK A
. PERIOD OF TIME
PAST SIMPLE= SHORT ACTIVITIES
PAST CONTINUOUS= LONG AND ACTION IN PROGRESS
When we use them togheter?
TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION WHICH HAPPENED WHILE ANOTHER WAS IN PROGRESS
WHEN- BEFORE PAST SIMPLE
es I was havinga shower when my phone rang.
I was writing a letter when you phoned me.
When you phoned me i was writing a letter.
PAST PERFECT
FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT
The past perfect defines a time before another time in the past. It is used to
clarify that an event occurred before another event in the past. It is not
important which event is reported first in the sentence: the verb tense clarifies
what happened before.
es. John HAD GONE out when i arrived in the office.
I HAD SAVED my document before the computer crashed.
In English, the past perfect consists of two elements:
the past simple of the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.
SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
Affermativa She had given
Negativa She hadn't asked.
Interrogativa Had they arrived?
Interrogativa negativa Hadn't you finished?
PAST PERFECT + JUST
JUST is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that has occurred just before the moment
you are speaking:
es. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
She had just left the room when the police arrived.
I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.