Past-1

QUESTION TAGS
* Definition : A Question Tag is a short question added at the end of a statement
to confirm information or to seek agveement.
Eg → You are student, aren't you ?
He doesn't smoke, does he?
* Difference between Question & Question Tag :
Question Question Tag
1. A complete question. 1 A short question added aftera statement.
[Link] to ask for new information. 2. Used to confirmn information.
3. Can stand alone. 3. Cannot stand alone.
* Basic Formula:
1. Affimative Statement -→ Negative Tag. 2. Neqative Statement → Affimative Tag.
Sentence + Auxiliary + n't + Pronoun ? Sentence + Auxiliary + Pronoun
Eg. → She is a doctor, isn't she ? Eg. → She isn't a doctor, is she ?
They have finished, haven't they? They haven't finished, have they ?
) You can swim, can't you? ) You can't swim, can you ?
* Important Rules :
) Rule 1: Never use the main verb in the tag.
Eg. → X He writes a letter, don't write he ?
V He writes a letter, doesn't he?
2 Rule 2 : The subject in the tag is always a pronoun.
Ram is honest, isn't he?
The boys are playing, aren't they ?
3) Rule 3 : If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, use the same auwziliaxy in the tag.
Eg. → @ He has finished, hasn't he ?
She is reading, isn't she ?
They will come, won't they ?
Rule 4: If there is no auxiliary verb, use do does/did.
Eg. → He plays football, doesn't he?
They play football, don't they ?
She sang well, didn't she ?
* Contracted Fornms of Auxiliasy Verbs + Not :
Full Form Short Form Full Form Short Form Full Form Short Form Full Form Short Form
do not don't were not weren't would not woulda't dare not daren't
does not doesn't has not should not ought not
did not didn't have not
hasn't
haven't Can not
shouldn't
Can't used not
oughtn't
usedn't
is not isn't had not hadn't Could not Couldn't may not mayn't
aren't
are not
was not wasn't
will not
shall not
won't
shan't
must not
need not
mustn't might not mightn't
needn't

* Special Rule :
Eg. → I am late, aren't I? Remember:
→ aren't I? Positive sentence -→ Negative tag
X I am late, amn't I? Negative sentence -→ Positive tag
 QUESTION TAGS Part-2
* Important : (a) Positive statement → Negative tag. Rule 11: If a sentence contains dare/need /needn't,
(b) Negative statement → Positive tag. use the same auxiliary in the tag.
Eg. → He dare not come here, dare he ?
* Negative Words : I needn't go there, need I?
If a sentence contains negative words, the tag He need not work hard, need he ?
will be positive. You dare not face your teacher, dare you ?
They needn't touch the naked wire, need they ?
Negative words → never, no, not, none, nobody,
nothing, hardly, scarcely, seldom, |Rule 12: If a sentence contains need/dare as

few, ittle, rarely, neither ete. main verb, use do / does / did.
Eg. → I have never seen him, have I?
Eg. → He needs your help, doesn't he ?
She dares to abuse me, doesn't she ?
She has no time, has she ? I need nothing , do I?
There is nobody here, is there ? He dared to speak, didn't he ?
He has nothing to do, does he ?
I have few friends, haven't I? Subject Selection in Question Tags :
She has little money, has she ? |1.| Personal Pronoun : Use the same pronoun.
O I can hardly believe it, can I? Eg. → You are clever, aren't you ?
He seldom comes here, does he ? We did our work, didn't we ?
Imperative Sentences : I know him, don't I?
He is honest, isn't he ?
Rule 7: If an Imperative sentence expresses a xequest,2. Noun (person or thing) : Use he / she/it/ they.
advice or suggestion, use 'can't you ?'. Eg- → Ramesh is a good boy, isn't he ?
Eg. → Use your own mind, can't you ? The book is interesting , isn't it ?
Use your own book, can't you ? My parents are kind, aren't they ?
|3. There, one, this, that, these, those :
Rule 8 : If an Imperative sentence begins with Let's Use there/ it/they.
er Let us (a request/suggestion), use 'shall we ?': Eg. → There is a pen on the table, isn't there ?
Eg. → Let 's go there, shall we ? One cannot do this sum, can one ?
Let us help her, shall we? This is your book, isn't it ?
Rue9: If an Imperative sentence begins with That was a wonderful play, wasn't it ?
let me/him/her/them /us ete., use 'will you ?". These are your keys, aren't they?
Those were my books, weren't they ?
Let me do this work, will you ?
Let him go, will you ? 4] Everybody,Usesomebody
they
nobody. aryhbody :
Let her be my beloved, will you ? Eg: → Everybody is here, aren't they ?
Let them do their homework, will you ? Somebody has called you, hasn't they ?
Let us do this work, will you ? Nobody knows it, do they ?
Rule 10: If an Inperative sentence contains Anybody can do it, can they ?
used to, use 'didn't you ?". 5] Everything,
Use something,
it. anything, nothing :
Eg. → He used to come here, didn't he ? Eg: → Everything is ready, isn't it ?
They used to play here, didn't they ? Something is wrong, isn't it ?
Anything can happen, can't it ?
Note : Nothing is yours, is it ?
(i) In all imperative sentences, the main verb is Remember :
Use pronoun in the tag.
always in base form (without 'to'). * Repeat the auxiliary.
(ü) Do not use do does /did in tags of imperative * If no auxiliary, use do does /did.
sentences. * Follow the rules carefully.
 QUESTION TAGS (Part-33
Special Cases & Important Points : Some More Important Cases :
1. Used to: Use 'didnt you 1. There is'| There are' :
Eg. → He used to play football, didn't he ? There is a bottle on the table, isn't there ?
They used to live in Delhi, didn't they ? There are many boys in the field, aren't there ?
2. Need: Use 'needn't /need you ? 2. 'One' :
Eg. → You need not worry, need you ? One can do this, can't one ?
He needs your help, doesn't he ? One should be honest, shouldn't one ?
a 3. Dare: Use 'daren't / dare you ? 3. Anyone'/Anybody'/'Someone' /' Somebody' :
Eg. → He daren't go there, dare he ? Anyone can help you, can't they ?
You dare not touch this, dae you ? Somabody has called you, hasn't they ?
4. Let me / him/ her/them etc.: Use 'will you 4. 'Everybody' 'Everyone' :
Eg. → Let me go, will you ? Everybody knows this, don't they ?
Let him do this work, will you ? Everyone is innocent, aren't they ?
35. Used to + negative: Use 'did you ? 5. 'Everything' /'Something' /'Anything':
Eg. → He used not to smoke, did he ? Everything is ready, isn't it ?
She used not to go there, did she ? Something is wrong, isn't it ?
|6. No sooner...than : Use 'did ... ?" Anything can happen, can't it?
Eq. → No sooner had he come than he left, did he ? 6. 'Most of'/'Some of'/'One of' :
No sooner did we reach than it rained, did it ? Most of the boys were present, weren't they ?
|7. Hardly/ Scarcely... when : Use 'did ...?" Some of the money was lost, wasn't it ?
Eg. → Hardly had I reached when it started aining, did I? One of the students is absent, isn't he ?
Scarcely had he finished when the bell rang, did it? 7. AL of us'you 'them':
a 8. This/That: Use 'isn't it ?"/'aren't they ?" All of us can do this, can't we ?
AlL of them are guilty, aren't they ?
Eg. → 1his is your book, isn't it ?
That was a great idea, wasn't it ? 8. 'Neither of us''you''them':
lhese are your pens, aren't they ? Neither of us know the answer, do we ?
Those were our seats, weren't they ? Neither of them will comne, will they ?
9. It iswas: lse 'isn't it ?"/'wasn't ?
9. 'Most of you'/'Some of you':
Eg. → It is very hot today, isn't it ? Most of you are honest, aren't you ?
It was a pleasant day, wasn't it ? Some of you have failed, haven't you ?
10. So + adjective adverb: Use 'are/do / did + ... ?" 10. 'As if'/'As though' :
Eg. → He is so honest isn't he ? He works hard as if he knows everything , doesn't he ?
You are so kind , aren't you ?
He ran so fast, didn't he ?
It looks as though it will rain, doesn't it ?
It was so nice, wasn't it Common Mistakes
More Special Points 1. He writes a letter, don't he ?
1. Nobody / No one / Somebody Sameone / Anybody / Anyone/ / He writes a etter, doesn't he ?
Everybody / Everyone -* they 2. Ram is honest, isn't him ?
+ These words refer to people we use they in the tag.
/ Ram is honest, isn't he ?
Rule : Use 'are they osere theu
Eq. → Nobody is perfect, are they 3. They are coming, isn't they ?
No one was therc, were they ? V They are coming, aren't they ?
Everybody knows this don't they 4. I an late, amn't I ?
Somebody has called you, hasn't they ? ✔I am late, aren't I?
2. Nothing / Somathing / Anything /Everything → it 5. She don't ike tea, does she ?
• These words nefer to things so we use 'it' in tha tag ✔ She doesn't ike tea, does she ?
Rule : Use 'is it ?"/was it ?"/ 'did it?* 6. Nobody are there, aren't he ?
Eq. → Nothing is impossible, is t ?
Someting is wrong, isn't it ? V Nobody is there , isn't he ?
Everything is ready , żan't it ? 7. Let us go, will you ?
3. Neither/ None V Let us go, shall we ?
(a) For people they
Eq. → Neither of us is right, are we ? (b) For things it.
Neither of them came, did they ? Eg. Neither of the books is new, is it ?
None of the money was lost, was #3