CONWORLD - CHAPTER 1​

Escoto, Airies Joyce S. BSA 1C

claim to the South China Sea is an

CHAPTER 1: DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
example of a modern man-made
CONTEMPORARY WORLD
solid. (man-made)
-​ happening now or recently
2.​ LIQUID
-​ Synonyms: modern world, present times,
-​ state of matter, takes the shape of
WHY DO YOU NEED TO STUDY THE WORLD? its container.
-​ world as a concept is abstract. -​ not fixed.
-​ daily interactions are considered -​ increasing ease of movement of
interactions with your country, not the people, things, information, and
world. places in the contemporary world.
●​ consumption habits are global. -​ EX. changes in the stock market
●​ Studying the outside world is a cure to are a matter of seconds.
parochialism - an outlook that is limited to -​ their movement is difficult to
one's immediate community. stop.
●​ Will interact with it. -​ EX., videos uploaded on YouTube
●​ will know more about yourself and Facebook are unstoppable
once they become viral.

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? -​ symbolizes the start of

1.​ The interconnectedness of people and modernization.

businesses across the world that eventually

leads to global, cultural, political, and 3.​ Flows-
economic integration -​ movement of people, things, places,
2.​ ability to communicate easily with others ideas, culture, and information
all over the world to conduct business across the globe due to the
internationally. advances in technology, economic
3.​ free movement of goods, services, and and political integration, and
people across the world in a seamless establishment of global policies
manner. that lessen and eliminate the
4.​ liberalization of countries of their impact existing borders.
protocols and welcoming foreign -​ EX. foreign cuisines being
investment into sectors that are the patronized by Filipinos
mainstays of our economy. -​ Symbolizes the intensive or
5.​ "It is the process of world shrinkage, of extreme interaction.
distances getting shorter, things moving
GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
closer." - (Thomas Larsson, 2001)
CULTURE
METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION -​ all the ways of life - passed down from
1.​ SOLID generation to generation.
-​ barriers that prevent or make -​ "the way of life for an entire society."
difficult the movement of things
THEORIES ON CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
-​ can either be natural or man-made.
HOMOGENEITY
-​ Example: landforms and bodies of
-​ increasing sameness in the world
water (natural)
-​ often linked to cultural imperialism.
1. Great Wall of China (man-made)
-​ This means, a given culture influences
2. The Nine-dash line - an
another culture.
imaginary line used by the
People's Republic of China in their

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 -​ Ex. the dominant religion in our country is -​ Due to the eternal cultural
Christianity, which way brought to us by differences, increasing interaction
the Spaniards would lead to intense clashes.

●​ AMERICANIZATION 2.​ CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION

-​ the import by non-Americans of -​ integration of local and global culture.
products, images, technologies, -​ refer to the development of a new culture -
practices, and behavior that were merging two or more than two different
closely associated with America/ cultures through a period of interaction.
Americans. GLOBAL CULTURE
●​ MCDONALDIZATION -​ the culture that is shared by all people of
-​ business model adopted by the world.
McDonalds and the fast-food -​ EX. English language, online identities
industry. (gaming, YouTuber and blogger cultures),
-​ McDonaldization of society is a business etiquette (shaking hands, dressing
phenomenon that occurs when in suits)
society, its institutions, and its LOCAL CULTURE
organizations are adapted to have -​ a nation's full set of customs, attitudes and
the same characteristics behaviors, which includes everything from
MCDONALDIZATION CHARACTERISTICS: what people eat and dress to how they

1.​ EFFICIENCY behave and interact.

-​ we expect to order an item and 3.​ THE CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
have it available right away -​ approach stresses homogeneity introduced

2.​ PREDICTABILITY / STANDARDIZATION by globalization

-​ the production process is -​ increasing the similarities between the
organized to guarantee uniformity cultures.
of product -​ two cultures interact, the more that they
will be alike.
3.​ CALCULABILITY
-​ We go for quantity over quality. THE GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION
4.​ CONTROL RELIGIONS
-​ the substitution of non-human -​ system of faith or worship
labor for human labor. -​ Influences the way a person thinks

RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM
HETEROGENEITY -​ a type of political violence anchored on the
-​ creation of various cultural practices, new belief that a Supreme being grants violence
economies, and political groups because of in the act of glorifying one's faith.
the interaction of elements from different -​ Extremists believe that it is their duty to
societies fulfill God's Will through violence.
-​ differences because of hybrid or -​ Global migration also influences religions.
combination of cultures that can be Because of migration, globalization has
produced through the different trans forced the appearance of "religious
planetary processes. traditions in monitory places.
-​ associated with cultural hybridization.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE

DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOCAL GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION?
THREE PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOWS -​ globalization allows for religions previously
1.​ CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM isolated from one another to now have
-​ cultures are essentially different regular and unavoidable contact.

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 WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION 4.​ CHRISTIANITY
-​ is the world's largest religion and is
IN RELIGION?
based on the teachings of Jesus
-​ religions have made use of global
Christ.
communications.
-Christians believe that the son of God was Jesus
-​ able to take advantage of modern
Christ.
technology to recruit new members, spread
-God sent His son to earth to save humanity from the
the word and keep in contact with other
consequences of their sins.
members of the religion.
-Jesus rose from the dead on the 3"4 day after His
crucifixion.
MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD: - Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah
●​ Hinduism
promised ion the Old Testament.
●​ Buddhism
- Christians believe that there is only one God, but
●​ Judaism
this one God consists of 3 "persons"- God the
●​ Christianity
Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost -- Trinity.
●​ Islam.
-They believe that they are saved by faith and good
1.​ HINDUISM works.
-​ oldest religion in the world -They believe in heaven and hell.
-​ mainly practiced in India. -The Bible- is the Christian's holy book.
-​ 3rd largest religion in the world.
-​ God's name is Brahman.
CHRISTIANITY
-​ believe in reincarnation
The world's largest religion is Christianity, which is
-​ Spiritual leaders are called gurus.
practiced by almost 2.4 billion people.
2.​ BUDDHISM
Christianity is divided into Eastern and Western
-​ practiced in many parts of Asia.
theology, and within those divisions, many
-​ 4th largest religion in the world.
branches, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and
-​ they can escape the suffering of
Eastern Orthodoxy. Those branches further
the world through Buddhist
divide into the thousands of various denominations
teachings.
known today, including Baptists, Methodists,
-​ Avoid eating meat.
Lutherans, Seventh-Day Adventists, Mormons,
-​ also believe in karma and
Amish, and more.
reincarnation.

3.​ JUDAISM
5.​ ISLAM
-​ belief in one God and the covenant
-​ is the second-largest religion and is
between God'and the Jewish
based on the teachings of the
people
prophet Muhammad.
-​ The Hebrew leader Abraham
founded Judaism in Mesopotamia.
-​ Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to
-​ It is the oldest of monotheistic faith
humanity by the prophet Muhammad, and
(religions with one God).
those who follow Islam are called Muslims.
-​ Its Holy city is Jerusalem. i i
-​ Muslims believe that there is only one God,
-Jews believe that there is a single God - Yahweh.
called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
-​ Qur'an- is the Muslim scripture and
-They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king.
Mosque- is the Muslim building for
-They believe in heaven but that God determines
communal worship. They contain only
where they go after life on earth.
designs, no people or animals or furniture.
- The most holy Jewish book is the Torah. Worship is
-​ Muslims are required to travel to Mecca (the
led by Rabbi.
holiest city of Islam)once in their lifetime.
-Jews worship in Synagogues or temple. Men and
women usually sit separately.

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 GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION requires no of new
tariffs or just producers is
REGIONALIZATION
minimal. prevented or
-​ is the process of dividing an area into smaller
highly
segments called regions. restricted.
REGIONS
AID Globalized Does not get
-​ are groups of countries located in the same
international involved in the
geographical [Link] instance, Japan, China,
communities affairs of other
Indonesia, and the Philippines- are located are more areas.
within the geographical area of Asia, which willing
is a region, aside from being the largest and to aid
most diverse continent in the world. The countries
stricken by
other officially recognized regions of the
disasters.
world are; Africa, the Caribbean, Central
America, Europe, North America, Occania, TECHNOLOGICAL Globalization Advanced
and South America. ADVANCES has driven technology is
great rarely available
REGIONALISM
advances in in one
-​ is a political ideology that favors a specific
technology country or
region over a greater area. region

BUT WHY DO COUNTRIES FORM

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS? Tariff
-​ They form regional organizations as a way of -​ is a tax imposed by one country on the goods
coping with globalization. and services imported from another country.

GLOBALIZATION
-​ is a process by which people are unified into -​ Countries form regional associations
a single society and function together. because of; military defense, economic
crises, and resources. It is their way of
coping with the challenges of globalization.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REGIONALIZATION 1.​ Military defense NATO (North Atlantic
AND GLOBALIZATION Treaty Organization) was formed to protect
Europe from the threat of the

Globalization Regionalization Soviet Union.) As a response, the Soviet Union,

created the Warsaw Pact formally known as the
NATURE Promotes Divide an area Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual
integration of into smaller
Assistance which was established as a balance of
economies segments
power to NATO.
across state
borders all
around the 2.​ Economic crises
world. -​ The ASEAN along with China, Japan, and
South Korea, established an emergency fund
MARKET Allows many Monopolies
corporations are more likely that stabilized Asian economies.
to to develop.
trade on an Monopoly 3.​ Resources
international means
-​ They need to pull their resources together to
level, it allows one producer
make themselves more powerful. The OPEC
a free market- controls the
an unregulated supply of a (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
system of good or Countries) rose in power when they took
economic service, over and controlled crude oil prices across
exchange that and the entry the world.

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 points can be treated as the start of
ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION
globalization. For example:
1. Rosental (2007), gave premium to voyages
FIVE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES REGARDING of discovery- Christopher Columbus’s
THE ORIGINS OF GLOBALIZATION. discovery of America in 1942, Vasco da Gama
1.​ Hardwired in Cape of Good Hope in 1498, and
-​ According to Nayan Chanda, it is because of Ferdinand Magellan’s completed
our basic human needs to make our lives circumnavigation of the globe in 1522.
better that globalization started. Therefore, 2. The recent years could also be regarded as
one can trace the beginning of globalization the beginnings of globalization concerning
to our ancestors in Africa who walked out specific technological advances in
from the said continent in the late Ice Age. transportation and communication, such as
This long journey finally led to all known the first transatlantic television broadcasts,
continents today, roughly after 50,000 years. the founding of the modern internet in 1988,
Chanda (2007) mentioned that commerce, and the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers
religion, politics, and warfare are the “urges in New York.
“of people toward a better life. These are 5.​ More Recent Changes
respectively connected to four aspects of -​ Recent changes comprised the fifth view.
globalization and they can be traced These broad changes happened in the last
throughout history; trade, missionary work, half of the twentieth century.
adventures, and conquest. 1.​ The emergence of the United States as a
global power (post-World War II)

2.​ CYCLES 2.​ The emergence of MNCs or multinational

-​ It explains that there is no single point of corporations

origin in globalization but is a long-term MNC

cyclical process. This is a notion to suspect -​ is a company that has business

that this point of globalization will soon operations in another country other

disappear and reappear. than its home country and

generates revenue.
3.​ EPOCH
-​ Example; Ford and General Motors
-​ The difference between this view from the
from the US., Apple, Amazon,
second view (cycles) is that it does not treat
Microsoft, McDonalds, etc.
epochs as returning. Epoch is also known as
3.​ The demise of the Soviet Union and the end
waves. It explains that there are waves of
of the Cold War.
globalization that took place in the past and
-​ Finally, the last event was the fall of the
each of them has its origin. The following
Soviet Union in 1991. This led to the opening
are the sequential occurrences of the epochs
of the major parts of the world for the first
1. Globalization of religion (4th to 7th centuries
time. Many global processesimmigration,
2. European colonial conquest (late 15th century)
tourism, media, diplomacy, and MNCs-
3. Intra-European wars (late 18th to early 19th
spread throughout the globe, paving the way
centuries
to the so-called “ Free” world.
4. Heyday of European imperialism (mid-19th century
to 1918)
5. Post-world War II period, GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
6. Post-cold war period Demography
-​ is the statistical study of human populations.
4.​ EVENTS It examines the size, structure, and
-​ Specific events are also considered as part of movements of population over space and
the fourth view in explaining the origin of time
globalization. If this is the case, then several

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 -​ an act of entering a foreign country, oft to
WHY DO WE STUDY DEMOGRAPHY?
change places of residence for permanent
Demographic Transition
residency.
-​ the historical process of change that
Emigration
accounts for the trends in births, deaths, and
-​ is when people are leaving or exiting a
population growth that occurred in today’s
country.
industrialized societies, especially European
-​ the act of leaving one’s own country often to
societies (Frank W. Notestein, 1945)
settle permanently in another country.
Demographic Transition Theory
-​ a pattern of demographic change from high WHY DO PEOPLE LEAVE THEIR COUNTRY?
fertility and high mortality to low fertility Push and Pull Factor of Migration
and low mortality when society progresses
from a largely rural illiterate society to a Push factor
dominant urban, industrial, literate, and -​ negative things that make people want to
modern society. move to a new area.
Mortality Pull factor
-​ the number of deaths in a given time or -​ the positive aspect that attracts people to
space. move to a place.
Fertility
-​ the birthrate of a population.

Migration
-​ crossing the boundary of a political or
administrative unit for a minimum period of
time.
1. Internal migration
-​ permanent movement of people over varying
distances to change places of residence. It
occurs within the boundaries of a given
country.
2. External migration
-​ crossing the boundary of one country to
another.

IMMIGRATION VS EMIGRATION
Immigration
-​ is when people are moving into a country.

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