BAHR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FCWRE

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

CHAPTER-2
BUILDING DRAWINGS
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

CONTENTS
20 ❑ Introduction
❑ Drawing for building construction
❑ Working drawings

❑ Hatching, symbols and notations

❑ Construction drawings are prepared so that designers can
communicate their requirements to the contractor in a clear, concise
and unambiguous manner.
❑ They are also used:
➢ to prepare bill of quantities
➢ as part of contract document
What are the Requirements?
❑ Building construction drawings:
➢ Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated
➢ Clarity is most important
➢ Written descriptions should be as brief as possible
➢ Should be Consistent with completeness
➢ Should be well dimensioned and should be drawn to scale
➢ The lettering used should be clear
3
❑ Construction drawings can be prepared:
✓ By hand assisted by various templates or
✓ Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)

❑ The use of computer programs in building drawing:

❖ Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly, precisely,
and efficiently
❖ Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
❖ Enables printing to required sizes and color
❖ It can easily be communicated via networks and e-mails and
integrated with other programs
❖ Enables to reduce contract time and eases communication between
parties in construction.
❖ Minimizes the need for storage space

4
❑ Drawings for building construction shall include:
✓ Sketch drawings
✓ Working drawings
✓ Detailed drawings
✓ Construction drawings and
✓ Installation drawings

5
1. Sketch drawings
❑ Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing the
general arrangements of buildings.
❑ They are often drawn free hand in pencils.

❑ They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or more

elevations and a cross-section of the building.

6
2. Detailed drawings
❑ They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending on the
complexity of the building.
❑ They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.

❑ They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gutter to

down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, metal and
wood joineries, etc.

7
Detailed drawings (cont...)

8
3. Construction drawings
❑ They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for construction
in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.
❑ They provide important information for the resident engineer and
foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.
4. Installation drawings
❑ Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and drainage
pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.
❑ For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

9
10
First floor sanitary installation

11
5. Working drawings
❑ They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions given to avoid the
need for taking measurements from scale.
❑ The materials to be used for the various parts of the building should be
indicated in different symbols.
❑ They are the most important components of building drawings since they
provide detail information on the internal as well as the external view of a
building.
❑ In general, working drawing is all about,
❖ Dimension
 detail, c/c, overall, level, slope, height, thickness, width, length
❖ Material
 Finishing, structural, partition, infill,
 Roof system: roof cover, truss, purlin, ceiling finish, ceiling button
❖ Location
 Axes, c/c, level, height

12
❑ Architectural working drawings comprise,
 Plans(Site, Floor, Roof)
 Elevations
 Sections
 Detail drawings
❑ They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.

13
Floor plan drawings
❑ The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a
building that would be seen when the building was cut horizontally
about 1.2-1.5m above the floor level.

14
15
❑ The major steps in floor plan drawings preparation are:
▪ Laying center line of walls,
▪ Marking window and door openings,
▪ Marking wall thickness,
▪ Locating furniture positions,
▪ Indicating material type,
▪ Adding measurements and other details.

21
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

22
23
Elevation drawings
❑ Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a
building.
❑ They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and
final appearance of the exterior of a building.

24
❑ Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an
architectural drawing.
❑ The major steps in projecting elevations are:
➢ Projecting vertical lines
➢ Projecting horizontal lines
➢ Locating roof lines
➢ Adding elevation symbols
➢ Providing elevation dimensions
➢ Description of material used and finishing type

28
Elevation drawings (cont…)

29
30
31
Sectional drawings
❑ Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.

❑ Architectural section drawings are prepared

▪ For the entire structure (full sections) or
▪ For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
❑ The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes through the
building and divides it into sections.
▪ Longitudinal section
▪ Transverse/cross section
▪ Offset section
❑ Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as footings,
window sill, cornice, gutter line and ridge sections.

32
Sectional drawings (cont…)

44
45
49
Components of a site plan
❑Survey beacons: these are concrete pillars located at principal corners
of the site and at every change in the direction of boundaries. They
define the boundary and area of the site.
❑Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the site in
relation to a standard reference point known as the bench mark (BM).
▪ Locations which have equal elevations are joined together using
contour lines.
▪ These lines help to define the topography of the land within a
site.
❑Site orientation: these refers to a system of defining the site in terms
of its direction to the north, south, east and west.
▪ Orientation is important in planning the building area to make
into consideration such factors as the direction of rain, wind and
sun within the site.

52
Components of a site plan (cont…)
❑Physical features: these are permanent objects or features
existing with in the site or adjoining sites which are used for
referencing or identification of the site.
▪ Ex. Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
❑Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.
❑Utilities:
▪ A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for water, electricity
and gas.

❑ The scales used in drawing a site plan are:

▪ For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1;200
▪ For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500

53
Hatchings
❑ The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being
used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
❑ They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
❑ In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.

57
Symbols
❑ These are graphical representations and should wherever possible be
drawn to scale
❑ They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clearly
drawn.

58
THANK YOU!

59