FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SKEE1073 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
ASSIGNMENT 1
SECTION: 01
GROUP: 09
LECTURER: DR. NUR NAJAHATUL HUDA SARIS
GROUP MEMBERS :
1. CHAY JUN YAO (A24KE0340)
2. NAVINESHWARAN A/L P S ALEX (A24KE0219)
3. ABDUL JAWWAD BIN ISHAK (A24KE0032)
1.0 Introduction
An AC-DC converter converts the AC voltage provided by the wall
outlets to DC voltage and produces DC voltage to power all types of electronic
circuits. It consists of three fundamental components, which are the Rectifier,
Filter and Voltage Regulator.
This assignment focuses on designing an AC to DC converter to convert
a sinusoidal AC signal into a stable DC output. This is a fundamental
application in electronics, as most devices require DC for operation despite the
AC nature of grid power.
This assignment utilises basic components like diodes, capacitors and
resistors to help us understand how to convert and regulate AC into DC, which
is crucial in developing power electronics and ensuring safe and efficient
operation of electronic circuits.
2.0 Design principles (related to the operation/role of diode and other
components in the proposed design)
2.1 Full-wave bridge rectifier:
Four diodes are used to form a full-wave bridge rectifier to convert an AC
signal into a pulsating DC signal.
2.2 Filter (Capacitor)
A 250pF capacitor stores charges temporarily and releases them between
pulses to form a smooth straight line.
2.3 Zener diode
A reverse-bias diode is connected in parallel to the load resistor to
regulate the output voltage. If the input voltage is increased, the zener
diode absorbs the extra current and keeps the load current constant.
2.4 Protective resistor
A 50MΩ resistor is connected in series with the capacitor to control the
current entering the capacitor to prevent damage.
2.5 Load resistor
A 50MΩ resistor is connected in parallel to the zener diode to mimic the
electronic device in real life.
2.6 Measuring Instrument
Three multimeters and three oscilloscopes are used to measure and
display the value and pattern of the voltage at different states (before the
rectifier, after the rectifier, after the filter).
3.0 Circuit Analysis
3.1 Schematic Diagram
Diagram 3.1
3.2 Simulation Result
Diagram 3.2
3.3 Calculation
3.4 Waveform
Diagram 3.4
3.5 Discussion
The percentage error is slightly high due to:
1. Capacitance is too small to stabilise the voltage
2. The resistance is too high to provide enough current for Zener
regulation
These values are used due to the technical limitations in the Tinkercad
simulation environment, which restricts the range of available
components. However, the circuit performs well in terms of rectification
and smoothing.
4.0 Conclusion
In this project, we successfully designed an AC to DC power supply
using a full-wave bridge rectifier. The circuit employs four diodes for
rectification, a single filtering capacitor to minimise ripple voltage, and a
Zener diode for voltage regulation. Through simulation in Tinkercad, we
demonstrated that this design effectively converts AC voltage into a
stable DC output.
This project enhanced our understanding of the roles of diodes,
capacitors, and Zener diodes in power electronics, providing us with
practical experience in designing dependable DC power supplies.
5.0 Youtube Link
[Link]