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Part 1.
Presenter: So, today’s expert teacher is Gabriella, a university English teacher from Leeds.
Gabriella, hi and thanks for joining us today.
Gabriella: Thanks for having me!
Presenter: So, I have to confess today’s topic is something I am really bad at: listening. Most
people say speaking is the most stressful part of learning a new language but, for me, with my B1
German, speaking isn’t so bad. At least I’m in control of it. But listening … woah … people speak
so fast and it’s like my brain just shuts down. Am I just really strange and bad at listening? Tell me,
honestly, I can take it.
Gabriella: No, you’re not strange. In fact, it’s really common. You know, in exams most people do
pretty well in speaking compared with listening. Of course, exams are a different situation from real
life because in an exam you can’t ask for something to be repeated or explained. You usually have
just one or maybe two opportunities to listen to the dialogue and then it’s gone.
Presenter: Right, but in real life I feel stupid always saying, ‘Sorry, can you repeat that, please?’,
especially if I still don’t understand even when they repeat it. And people out there listening, I hope
you don’t do this – quite often the person just repeats what they said equally as fast and I’m still
lost!
Gabriella: They do, don’t they? In real life, you’ve got two strategies. One is to pretend to
understand and get out of the conversation as fast as you can.
Presenter: Yep, sounds familiar!
Gabriella: But, obviously that’s not going to help if it’s a conversation with high stakes. It might
have important consequences. I mean, if you’re just chatting with a stranger at the bus stop, it
doesn’t matter. But imagine you’re at a government office or a bank, trying to find out what
paperwork you need to get your ID or open a bank account. What can you do then?
Presenter: I hope you’ve got the answer, Gabriella, because I’m coming out in a cold sweat just
thinking about either of those situations!
Gabriella: The other strategy is to summarise what they said.
Presenter: But how can you do that if you didn’t understand what they said?
Gabriella: Ah, well, you only start the summary, so you might say, in German in your case, ‘OK,
so the first thing I have to do is …?’ and make it a question. Or, for example, ‘And which office is
that again?’ Break it down into smaller questions and the other person will naturally start answering
them. That way you’re controlling the conversation a bit more.
Presenter: I get you ...
Part 2.
Marek: Did you hear about Sam?
Krista: Sam? I thought he’d gone to America. He only went there last week. I remember his
leaving party.
Marek: Oh, yeah. That was a good one. Anyway, he’s back now.
Krista: What? He only left the country a few days ago and now he’s back. I thought he said he had
a job lined up there.
Marek: That’s what he thought, too. His cousin’s got a company there, so it looked pretty good.
Krista: Yeah. Wasn’t he going to work in the office?
Marek: That’s what he thought. He was going to be office manager. The company’s pretty big.
Krista: So, how come he’s back here? I thought he had all the documents and everything. It took
him ages to get them.
Marek: Well, he did at least arrive in America. He flew to Chicago and thought everything would
be absolutely fine. He was going through customs, and he’d had his fingerprint scanned, and then
the immigration officials called him over for a special interview.
Krista: Oh no, so he didn’t have the documents?
Marek: Well, that’s the weird thing. He did. He showed them his visa and his letter of invitation,
but it didn’t make any difference. There was a problem with his fingerprint.
Krista: You must be joking! He had a visa and a letter of invitation, but his fingerprint was wrong?

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Marek: They questioned him for 3 hours, which must have been pretty terrifying. Sam said they
were really intense. I think he was terrified.
Krista: So, what was the problem?
Marek: That’s the thing. They said he had the same fingerprint as a suspected terrorist they’re
looking for. He kept on telling them he didn’t look anything like him, but they didn’t want to know.
Krista: So, Sam’s a wanted criminal? That’s a good one. Unbelievable. Did they hurt him?
Marek: Oh, no, nothing like that. He said they were actually really polite about it.
Krista: So, they were really polite, but they threw him out of the country?
Marek: Yeah, but not after they bought him a cup of coffee! Amazing. The immigration guys told
him he had to return home on the next flight. They said they had to follow rules and regulations,
and they had to do it.
Part 3.
Presenter: Yvonne, how did you become interested in yoga?
Yvonne: Soon after I’d given birth to my first child, I started getting back pain and tried everything
to treat it, but with no success. Then a friend suggested yoga. I was in so much pain that I didn’t
need much persuading, and after a few weeks my back felt better. I’d never been a great one for
exercise so I was amazed how much I enjoyed it.
Presenter: When did you decide you were going to teach professionally?
Yvonne: About three years ago. I was a school teacher at the time but I decided to go on a part-time
contract with my school and run yoga sessions in my spare time at a local sports centre. Then I was
offered the chance to rent a room in a leisure centre so I gave up the teaching job to do yoga full
time.
Presenter: What’s the most rewarding part of your work?
Yvonne: Well, I always enjoyed being a teacher and I get the same satisfaction from being a yoga
instructor. I like helping people to discover what interests them. I love seeing people transform from
people in physical or emotional pain into positive, healthy individuals. Some become passionate
about yoga. I find that particularly satisfying.
Presenter: Now what changes would I notice in my physical and mental health if I took up yoga?
Yvonne: It’s an excellent means of improving your strength and flexibility and it can help relieve
aches and pains. I’ve also lowered my blood pressure since doing it. It can help people suffering
from stress, and lots of clients say their memory and concentration have improved since they’ve
started.
Presenter: Presumably, people notice the benefits of yoga in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle
and diet.
Yvonne: Yes. Yoga is about achieving balance and this applies to your life generally. We should
take steps to become positive, to avoid people who make us feel bad about ourselves, to see the best
in others and be kind.
Presenter: What about diet?
Yvonne: Personally, I eat seasonally and locally. Fresh, locally produced food is likely to be
healthier and less expensive. And when we’re eating, we should enjoy our food. Don’t rush your
meals so you can watch TV. And although the odd bar of chocolate or biscuit won’t kill you, eat
things like that in moderation.
Presenter: What advice would you give to anyone thinking of taking up yoga?
Yvonne: I’d say speak to people who have done it and ask them how they’ve benefited. Sometimes
that’s more persuasive than asking an instructor. Find a local school and see if they have
introductory sessions. But the most important thing is to give it a chance. Do it for at least three
months. Then you’ll know for sure whether it’s your thing or not.
Part 4.
The Spirit Bear
Today we continue our series on ecology and conservation with a look at a particularly endangered
member of the black bear family. One in ten black bears is actually born with a white coat, which is
the result of a special gene that surfaces in a few
Local people have named it ‘the spirit bear’. And according to the legends of these communities, its
snowy fur brings with it a special power. Because of this, it has always been highly regarded by

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them – so much that they do not speak of seeing it to anyone else. It is their way of protecting it
when strangers visit the area.
The white bear’s habitat is quite interesting. The bear’s strong relationship with the old-growth
rainforest is a complex one. The white bear relies on the huge centuries-old trees in the forest in
many ways. For example, the old-growth trees have extremely long roots that help prevent erosion
of the soil along the banks of the many fish streams. Keeping these banks intact is important
because these streams are home to salmon, which are the bear’s main food source.
In return, the bear’s feeding habits nurture the forest. As the bears eat the salmon, they discard the
skin and bones in great amounts on the forest floor, which provide vital nutrients. These produce
lush vegetation that sustains thousands of other types of life forms, from birds to insects and more.
Today, the spirit bear lives off the coast of the province of British Columbia on a few islands. There
is great concern for their survival since it is estimated that less than two hundred of these white
bears remain. The best way to protect them is to make every effort to preserve the delicate balance
of their forest environment – in other words, their ecosystem.
The greatest threat to the bear’s existence is the loss of its habitat. Over many years, logging
companies have stripped the land by cutting down a large number of trees. In addition, they have
built roads which have fractured the areas where the bear usually feeds, and many hibernation sites
have also been lost.
The logging of the trees along the streams has damaged the places where the bears fish. To make
matters worse, the number of salmon in those streams is declining because there is no legal limit on
fishing at the moment.
All these influences have a negative impact on the spirit bear’s very existence, which is made all the
more fragile by the fact that reproduction among these bears has always been disappointingly low.
And so, what’s the situation going forward? Community organizations, environmental groups and
the British Columbia government are now working together on the problem. The government is
now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging method, which is a positive step.
However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit
bear in the future. Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit
bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion. The move is justified as it
will also create space for other bears that are losing their homes …

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