CLASS X – MATHEMATICS
Answer Key
Maximum Marks: 80
SECTION A (1 Mark Each)
Q1.
Euclid's Division Lemma:
For any two positive integers 𝑎and 𝑏, there exist unique integers 𝑞and 𝑟such that
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟, 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏.
Q2.
HCF of 96 and 144
96 = 25 × 3
144 = 24 × 32
HCF = 48
Q3.
√7is irrational.
Q4.
Polynomial:
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
Zeroes are 2 and 3
Q5.
𝑝(2) = 22 − 4(2) + 5
=4−8+5
=1
Q6.
Condition for infinitely many solutions:
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
Q7.
𝑥+𝑦 =8
𝑥−𝑦 =2
Adding,
2x=10
x=5
Substitute,
y=3
Answer: (5,3)
Q8.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
=
𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑅
(any correct proportionality)
Q9.
Basic Proportionality Theorem:
A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides in the same ratio.
Q10.
Distance
= √(3 − 3)2 + (10 − 4)2
=6 units
Q11.
x-coordinate = 0
Q12.
Origin = (0,0)
Q13.
1
sin 30∘ =
2
Q14.
1
cos 60∘ =
2
Q15.
tan 45∘ = 1
Q16.
Given
3
sin 𝜃 =
5
4
cos 𝜃 =
5
Q17.
AA Similarity Criterion
Q18.
Every composite number can be expressed uniquely as a product of prime factors.
SECTION B (2 Marks Each)
Q19.
455=42×10+35
42=35×1+7
35=7×5+0
HCF = 7
Q20.
𝑥2 − 9 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
Zeroes:
3 and −3
Q21.
2x+y=7
3x−y=8
Adding,
5x=15
x=3
Substitute,
y=1
Answer: (3,1)
Q22.
Distance
= √(8 − 2)2 + (3 − 3)2
=6 units
Q23.
4
sin 𝜃 =
5
3
cos 𝜃 =
5
Q24.
Since DE∥BC,
By Basic Proportionality Theorem,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
Hence proved.
SECTION C (3 Marks Each)
Q25.
Assume
3 + √5
is rational.
Subtracting 3,
√5
becomes rational, which is impossible.
Hence
3 + √5
is irrational.
Q26.
Zeroes = 5 and −2
Polynomial
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2)
= 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10
Q27.
Equations
𝑥+𝑦 =5
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4
Adding,
3x=9
x=3
y=2
Solution: (3,2)
Q28.
Using similarity,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
4 𝐴𝐸
=
8 10
𝐴𝐸 = 5 cm
Q29.
Using section formula,
2(4) + 1(−2) , 2(−1) + 1(5)
( )
3 3
= (2,1)
Q30.
Given
12
tan 𝜃 =
5
Hypotenuse =13
12
sin 𝜃 =
13
5
cos 𝜃 =
13
SECTION D (5 Marks Each)
Q31.
867=255×3+102
255=102×2+51
102=51×2+0
HCF = 51
Using back substitution,
51 = 255 − 2(867 − 3 × 255)
= 7(255) − 2(867)
Thus
51 = (−2)(867) + 7(255)
Q32.
Polynomial
2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3
Factorisation:
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)
Zeroes:
1
3,
2
Verification:
Sum
1 7
3+ =
2 2
−(−7)
=
2
Correct.
Product
1 3
3× =
2 2
3
=
2
Correct.
Q33.
3x+2y=16
5x−3y=7
Multiply:
9x+6y=48
10x−6y=14
19x=62
62
𝑥=
19
Substitute,
59
𝑦=
19
OR
Let numbers be x,y
x+y=27
x−y=5
Adding,
2x=32
x=16
y=11
Q34.
AB=10 cm
Let AC=9+EC
Using similarity,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
6 9
=
10 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐶 = 15
EC=15−9=6 cm
Also,
𝐴𝐵 10 2
= =
𝐴𝐶 15 3
𝐴𝐷 6 2
= =
𝐴𝐸 9 3
Hence proved.
SECTION E (Case Study)
Q35.
A=(2,3)
C=(10,9)
(i)
Midpoint
= (6,6)
(ii)
Distance
= √82 + 62
= √100
=10 units
(iii)
Yes.
(iv)
Any point on AC, e.g. (4,4.5)
Q36.
Ladder =8 m
Angle =60°
(i)
Height
8sin 60
√3
= 8( )
2
= 4√3 m
(ii)
Distance from wall
8cos 60
=4 m
(iii)
√3
sin 60 =
2
(iv)
1
cos 60 =
2
Q37.
Polynomial
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15
(i)
Zeroes:
3 and 5
(ii)
Sum
3+5=8
(iii)
Product
3×5=15
(iv)
Required polynomial
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 7)
= 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 21
Q38.
Equations
2x+y=11
x−y=1
Add,
3x=12
x=4
y=3
(i)
Intersection point
(4,3)
(ii)
Verification:
2(4)+3=11 ✓
4−3=1 ✓
(iii)
The equations have one unique solution (intersecting lines).
(iv)
Graph: The two straight lines intersect at (4,3).