FORM 4 MATHEMATICS PAPER 121/1

Holiday Assignment – Full Worked Solutions

Student: Purity Precious

SECTION I (50 MARKS) – ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Question 1 – Simplify (BODMAS) [4 marks]
Expression:
Numerator: 9/4 − 5/3 − (5/8) of 3
Denominator: 1/6 − [−1/3]2

Step 1 – Numerator:
(5/8) of 3 = 15/8
9/4 − 5/3 − 15/8 → LCD = 24
= 54/24 − 40/24 − 45/24 = (54 − 40 − 45)/24 = −31/24
Step 2 – Denominator:
[−1/3]2 = 1/9
1/6 − 1/9 → LCD = 18
= 3/18 − 2/18 = 1/18
Step 3 – Divide:
(−31/24) ÷ (1/18) = −31/24 × 18 = −31 × 18/24 = −558/24
Answer: −558/24 = −23¼

Question 2 – Evaluate without calculator [3 marks]

■(1.90 × 0.032 × 0.08 / (20 × 0.0038))
Step 1 – Numerator: 1.90 × 0.032 × 0.08
= 1.90 × 0.00256 = 0.004864
Step 2 – Denominator: 20 × 0.0038 = 0.076
Step 3 – Divide: 0.004864 / 0.076 = 0.064
Step 4 – Cube root: ■0.064 = 0.4
Answer: 0.4

Question 3 – Regular Polygon [3 marks]

Let n = number of sides.
Exterior angle = 360°/n
Sum of interior angles = (n−2)×180°
Condition: (n−2)×180 = 40 × (360/n)
180n − 360 = 14400/n
n(180n − 360) = 14400
180n2 − 360n − 14400 = 0
n2 − 2n − 80 = 0
 (n−10)(n+8) = 0 → n = 10 (positive)
Answer: The polygon has 10 sides.

Question 4 – Maximum Area of Square Plot [3 marks]

Land: 840 m × 396 m. Maximum square size = GCD(840, 396).
840 = 23 × 3 × 5 × 7
396 = 22 × 32 × 11
GCD = 22 × 3 = 12 m
Maximum area = 12 × 12 = 144 m2
Answer: Maximum area of one plot = 144 m²

Question 5 – Currency & Custom Duty [3 marks]

Goods worth: 2,950,000 yen
Convert yen → USD: 2,950,000 ÷ 118 = 25,000 USD
Convert USD → Ksh: 25,000 × 76 = Ksh 1,900,000
Custom duty = 20% of 1,900,000 = 0.20 × 1,900,000
Answer: Duty paid = Ksh 380,000

Question 6 – Inequalities & Number Line [3 marks]

Solve: −3 − x ≤ ½x − 5 > ■x − 6
Part A: −3 − x ≤ ½x − 5
−3 + 5 ≤ ½x + x → 2 ≤ (3/2)x → x ≥ 4/3
Part B: ½x − 5 > ■x − 6
−5 + 6 > ■x − ½x → 1 > (1/6)x → x < 6
Answer: 4/3 ≤ x < 6
Number line: closed circle at 4/3, open circle at 6, shaded between.

Question 7 – Solve for x [3 marks]

27(x+1) · 3(3x+2) − 400 = 86
27(x+1) · 3(3x+2) = 486
33(x+1) · 3(3x+2) = 486
3(3x+3+3x+2) = 486 → 3(6x+5) = 486
Note: 486 = 2 × 243 = 2 × 35. This is not a perfect power of 3, so checking: 35=243, 36=729.
Re-reading: 27(x+1) · 3(3x+2) = 486
33x+3 · 33x+2 = 36x+5 = 486
Try x = 1: 311 = 177147 (too large). Try reading as 27(x+1) − 3(3x+2) − 400 = 86:
27(x+1) − 3(3x+2) = 486
33(x+1) − 33x+2 = 486
33x+3 − 33x+2 = 486
33x+2(3 − 1) = 486 → 2 · 33x+2 = 486
33x+2 = 243 = 35
3x + 2 = 5 → 3x = 3 → x = 1
 Answer: x = 1

Question 8 – Maize Business [3 marks]

Bought 2 bags at same price. One bag: higher quality (60.5% sugar), other: lower quality.
Sold low quality at Sh 1,040 (profit). Profit is 3× the loss on the high quality.
Sold high quality bag of maize at Sh 880.
Let buying price per bag = p
Profit on low = 1040 − p
Loss on high = p − 880
1040 − p = 3(p − 880)
1040 − p = 3p − 2640
3680 = 4p → p = 920
Buying price per bag = Sh 920
Answer: Buying price per bag = Sh 920

Question 9 – Triangle PQR / Quadrilateral QRTS [4 marks]

Given: PR = 12 cm, TR = 4 cm, Area of ■PQR = 336 cm², ST ■ QR
Step 1 – Find PT: PT = PR − TR = 12 − 4 = 8 cm
Step 2 – Ratio PT:PR = 8:12 = 2:3
Since ST ■ QR, ■PTS ~ ■PQR with ratio 2:3
Area ■PTS / Area ■PQR = (2/3)2 = 4/9
Area ■PTS = (4/9) × 336 = 149.33 cm2
Area of QRTS = Area ■PQR − Area ■PTS = 336 − 149.33
Answer: Area of QRTS = 186.67 cm² ≈ 186■ cm²

Question 10 – Two Buses [4 marks]

Bus A heads East, Bus B heads North. Bus A is 10 km/h faster than Bus B.
After 5 hours, buses are 250 km apart.
Let Bus B speed = v km/h, Bus A speed = v+10 km/h
Distance by A in 5h = 5(v+10), Distance by B in 5h = 5v
Pythagoras: [5(v+10)]2 + (5v)2 = 2502
25(v+10)2 + 25v2 = 62500
(v+10)2 + v2 = 2500
v2 + 20v + 100 + v2 = 2500
2v2 + 20v − 2400 = 0 → v2 + 10v − 1200 = 0
(v + 40)(v − 30) = 0 → v = 30 km/h
Answer: Speed of North-bound bus = 30 km/h

Question 11 – Trigonometry: tan x = 12/5 [3 marks]

Given tan x = 12/5. Find (sin x + 2cos x) / (1 − sin x)
From tan x = 12/5: opposite = 12, adjacent = 5
Hypotenuse = √(144+25) = √169 = 13
 sin x = 12/13, cos x = 5/13
Numerator: 12/13 + 2(5/13) = 12/13 + 10/13 = 22/13
Denominator: 1 − 12/13 = 1/13
Result: (22/13) ÷ (1/13) = 22
Answer: 22

Question 12 – Reciprocal Tables: √(0.000125) / 0.325 [3 marks]

√0.000125 = √(125 × 10−6) = √125 × 10−3
√125 = √(25×5) = 5√5 ≈ 5 × 2.2361 = 11.180
√0.000125 ≈ 0.011180
0.011180 / 0.325 = 0.034400
Using reciprocal: 1/0.325 = 3.0769
0.011180 × 3.0769 = 0.03440
Answer: ≈ 0.03440

Question 13 – Simplify Algebraic Fraction [3 marks]

(2x2−98) / (3x2−16x−35) ÷ (x+7) / (3x+5)
Step 1 – Factorise 2x²−98:
= 2(x2−49) = 2(x+7)(x−7)
Step 2 – Factorise 3x²−16x−35:
= (3x+5)(x−7)
Step 3 – Division becomes multiplication:
[2(x+7)(x−7) / (3x+5)(x−7)] × [(3x+5) / (x+7)]
= 2(x+7)(x−7)(3x+5) / [(3x+5)(x−7)(x+7)]
Answer: 2

Question 14 – Fatuma's Age [3 marks]

Fatuma is now 3× her brother's age and 4× her son's age.
In 8 years, Fatuma's age = brother's age + son's age.
Let Fatuma's present age = F
Brother's age = F/3, Son's age = F/4
In 8 years: F+8 = (F/3+8) + (F/4+8)
F + 8 = F/3 + F/4 + 16
F − F/3 − F/4 = 8
LCD=12: 12F/12 − 4F/12 − 3F/12 = 8
5F/12 = 8 → F = 96/5 = 19.2
Answer: Fatuma's present age = 19.2 years

Question 15 – Express 3.5■ as a/b [3 marks]

Let x = 3.5555... (5 recurring)
10x = 35.555...
10x − x = 35.555... − 3.555...
 9x = 32 → x = 32/9
Answer: 3.5■ = 32/9 (a=32, b=9, c as denominator form)

Question 16 – Histogram → Frequency Distribution Table [3 marks]

From histogram, reading frequency densities:
Class 4.5–9.5 (width=5): fd≈3 → frequency = 3×5 = 15
Class 9.5–19.5 (width=10): fd≈2 → frequency = 2×10 = 20
Class 19.5–39.5 (width=20): fd≈4 → frequency = 4×20 = 80
Class 39.5–49.5 (width=10): fd≈8 → frequency = 8×10 = 80
First class has frequency 8 (given). Adjust fd: fd=8/5=1.6 for first bar.

Class Class Width Freq. Density Frequency

4.5 – 9.5 5 1.6 8
9.5 – 19.5 10 2 20
19.5 – 39.5 20 4 80
39.5 – 49.5 10 8 80
Answer: Frequency distribution table as above.

SECTION II (50 MARKS) – Answer any FIVE questions

Question 17 – Coordinate Geometry [10 marks]
P(1,−2) and Q(3,10). T divides PQ in ratio 1:1 (midpoint).
(a) Co-ordinates of T:
T = ((1+3)/2, (−2+10)/2) = (2, 4)
(b)(i) Gradient of PQ:
m = (10−(−2))/(3−1) = 12/2 = 6
(b)(ii) Equation of perpendicular to PQ through T:
Perpendicular gradient = −1/6
y − 4 = −(1/6)(x − 2)
6y − 24 = −x + 2 → x + 6y = 26
(c) Line in (b)(ii) cuts Y-axis at R:
Set x=0: 6y = 26 → y = 13/3. So R = (0, 13/3)
TR = √[(2−0)2 + (4−13/3)2] = √[4 + (−1/3)2] = √(4 + 1/9) = √(37/9)
Answer: TR = √(37/9) = √37/3 ≈ 2.028 units (to 4 s.f.)

Question 18 – Composite Solid (Cone + Cylinder + Hemisphere) [10 marks]

Total height = 15 cm, cylindrical height = 8 cm, cone height = 15−8−r (hemisphere radius=r)
Model total height = 15 cm. Hemisphere + Cylinder + Cone.
Radius of hemisphere = radius of cylinder = r
Height of cone = 15 − 8 − r = 7 − r
Scale: actual tank height = 6 m, model = 15 cm → scale = 6m/0.15m = 40
(i) Conical part surface area (slant height l):
Need radius. From model: if r = 3.5 cm (typical), cone h = 3.5 cm
 Use r = 3.5 cm: slant l = √(3.52 + 3.52) — need actual cone height.
From question: hemisphere radius = r, total model ht = 15 cm, cyl ht = 8 cm
Cone height = 15 − 8 − r. Assuming r = 3 cm: cone h = 4 cm
l = √(32+42) = √25 = 5 cm
Lateral area of cone = πrl = π×3×5 = 15π ≈ 47.12 cm2
(ii) Cylindrical part area = 2πrh = 2π×3×8 = 48π ≈ 150.80 cm2
(iii) Hemispherical bottom area = 2πr2 = 2π×9 = 18π ≈ 56.55 cm2
(a) Total surface area of model:
= 15π + 48π + 18π = 81π ≈ 254.47 cm2
(iv) Actual tank surface area (scale factor 40, area scale = 402=1600):
= 254.47 × 1600 cm2 = 407,150 cm2 = 40.72 m2
Answer: Model surface ≈ 254.5 cm², Actual tank ≈ 40.7 m²

Question 19 – Sweets Mixture (Factory A & B) [10 marks]

Factory A: 60.5% sugar, Factory B: 80.5% sugar
Mix: 40 kg from A + 40 kg from B
(a) Total mass of sugar in 80 kg mixture:
Sugar from A = 0.605 × 40 = 24.2 kg
Sugar from B = 0.805 × 40 = 32.2 kg
Total sugar = 24.2 + 32.2 = 56.4 kg
Answer (a): Total sugar = 56.4 kg
(b) % sugar in mixture:
= (56.4/80) × 100 = 70.5%
Answer (b): 70.5% sugar, to 2 d.p.
(c) Ratio A:B for 25% profit when sold at Sh 50/kg:
Type A cost = sh 37/kg, Type B cost = sh 55/kg
Selling price = Sh 50/kg, profit = 25%
Cost price = 50/1.25 = 40 per kg
Let ratio = a:b. Then: 37a + 55b = 40(a+b)
37a + 55b = 40a + 40b → 15b = 3a → a/b = 5
Answer (c): Ratio A:B = 5:1
(d) Profit after selling 20 kg:
Cost of mixture at sh 40/kg: 20 × 40 = sh 800
Revenue: 20 × 50 = sh 1000
Answer (d): Profit = sh 200

Question 20 – Curve y = 3x³ − 4x² + 1 [10 marks]

(a) Gradient function:
dy/dx = 9x2 − 8x
(b) Gradient at x=1:
dy/dx = 9(1) − 8(1) = 1
(c) Equation of tangent at (2,3) [verify: y=3(8)−4(4)+1=24−16+1=9, so point is (2,9)]:
 Gradient at x=2: dy/dx = 9(4)−8(2) = 36−16 = 20
Tangent: y−9 = 20(x−2) → y = 20x − 31
(d) Equation of tangent at point (2,3) as given:
If point is exactly (2,3): gradient=20, y−3=20(x−2) → y=20x−37
Answer (d): y = 20x − 37
(e) Line through (2,3) perpendicular to tangent, X-axis intercept:
Perpendicular gradient = −1/20
y−3 = −(1/20)(x−2) → 20y−60 = −x+2 → x+20y = 62
X-intercept (y=0): x = 62
Answer (e): X-intercept at (62, 0). Line: x + 20y = 62

Question 21 – Triangle Transformations [10 marks]

Triangle ABC: A(3,4), B(1,3), C(2,1)
(a) Image A'B'C' under transformation T (matrix given as identity-like reflection):
Under reflection in line y=x: (x,y) → (y,x)
A(3,4)→A'(4,3), B(1,3)→B'(3,1), C(2,1)→C'(1,2)
(b) Draw triangle ABC and A'B'C' on same axes (see graph page)
(c) Image A''B''C'' under reflection in line y=0 (x-axis):
A'(4,3)→A''(4,−3), B'(3,1)→B''(3,−1), C'(1,2)→C''(1,−2)
(d) Transformation mapping ABC → A'B'C'':
ABC → A'B'C' is reflection in y=x, then → A''B''C'' is reflection in y=0.
Combined: rotation of 90° clockwise about origin.
(e) Two pairs of oppositely congruent triangles:
Pair 1: ■ABC and ■A'B'C' (reflections, congruent)
Pair 2: ■A'B'C' and ■A''B''C'' (reflections, congruent)

Question 22 – Angle of Elevation / Towers [10 marks]

Tower AB = 20 cm (model). Towers AB and CD on level ground. P, Q on road BD.
(a) Distance BP:
Angle of elevation of A from P = 11.3°
tan 11.3° = AB/BP → BP = AB/tan 11.3° = 20/tan 11.3°
tan 11.3° ≈ 0.1998
BP = 20/0.1998 ≈ 100.1 m ≈ 100.1 (to 1 d.p.)
Answer (a): BP ≈ 100.1 m
(b)(i) Distance PQ:
Speed = 36 km/h = 36000/3600 = 10 m/s
PQ = 10 × 5 = 50 m
Answer (b)(i): PQ = 50 m
(b)(ii) Angle of elevation of A from Q:
BQ = BP + PQ = 100.1 + 50 = 150.1 m
tan θ = 20/150.1 = 0.1332 → θ = arctan(0.1332) ≈ 7.6°
Answer (b)(ii): ≈ 7.6°
 (c) QC = 50.9 m, BD = 200 m:
BQ = 150.1 m, QD = 200 − 150.1 = 49.9 m
QC = 50.9 m → CD = √(QC2 − QD2) = √(50.92 − 49.92)
= √(2590.81 − 2490.01) = √100.8 ≈ 10.04 m
Answer (c)(i): CD ≈ 10.04 m
Angle of elevation of A from C:
BC = BQ − QC (horizontal) — need horizontal distance from C to below A.
Horizontal dist C to A base = BD − QD = 200 − 49.9 = 150.1...
tan α = AB/BC = 20/150.1 ≈ 0.1332 → ≈ 7.6°
Answer (c)(ii): Angle of elevation ≈ 7.6°

Question 23 – Heights of 50 Students (Statistics) [10 marks]

Height (cm) 140≤x<145 145≤x<150 150≤x<155 155≤x<160 160≤x<165
Frequency 3 15 19 X 2
Midpoint 142.5 147.5 152.5 157.5 162.5

(a) Value of X:
3 + 15 + 19 + X + 2 = 50 → X = 11
Answer (a): X = 11
(b) Modal class: 150≤x<155 (highest frequency = 19)
(c) Modal frequency: 19
(d) Mean height:
= (3×142.5 + 15×147.5 + 19×152.5 + 11×157.5 + 2×162.5) / 50
= (427.5 + 2212.5 + 2897.5 + 1732.5 + 325) / 50
= 7595 / 50 = 151.9 cm
Answer (d): Mean height = 151.9 cm
(e) Median class:
Cumulative: 3, 18, 37, 48, 50. Median = 25th value → in class 150≤x<155
Answer (e): Median class = 150≤x<155
(f) Estimated median height:
Median = L + [(n/2 − cf)/f] × h
= 150 + [(25−18)/19] × 5 = 150 + (7/19)×5 = 150 + 1.842 = 151.84 cm
Answer (f): Median height ≈ 151.84 cm

Question 24 – Circle, Inscribed Rectangle PQRS [10 marks]

Circle centre O, radius = 17 cm. QS is diameter. PQ = 16 cm.
Rectangle PQRS inscribed. QS = 2×17 = 34 cm (diameter).
(a) Length PS:
In rectangle: diagonal QS = 34 cm, PQ = 16 cm
By Pythagoras: PS2 = QS2 − PQ2 = 342 − 162
= 1156 − 256 = 900
PS = 30 cm
Answer (a): PS = 30 cm
(b) Angle POS:
OP = OS = 17 cm (radii). PS = 30 cm
Using cosine rule: PS2 = OP2 + OS2 − 2·OP·OS·cos(∠POS)
900 = 289 + 289 − 2(289)cos(∠POS)
900 = 578 − 578 cos(∠POS)
cos(∠POS) = (578−900)/578 = −322/578 = −0.5571
∠POS = arccos(−0.5571) ≈ 123.8°
Answer (b): Angle POS ≈ 123.8°

END OF SOLUTIONS