Microbiology important questions.
1) State the sources for (i) inorganic sulfur, (ii) inorganic nitrogen for the preparation
of bacteriological media.
2) Which is a better disinfectant — 70% ethanol or 90% ethanol? Explain.
3) Why is E. coli classified as a chemoorganoheterotroph?
4) How do you sterilise/disinfect the following: (i) antibiotics, (ii) patch of skin.
5) Mention the name of one basic and one acidic dye.
6) Differentiate between microaerophiles and facultative anaerobes.
7) Mention one example of each of: (i) γ-proteobacteria, (ii) Halophiles.
8) How does pH affect bacterial growth?
9) What is the utility of “gas pack jars” in a microbiology laboratory?
10)What is “Cryptic Growth”?
11)What are the three domains of life as proposed by Carl Woese, and what is the
basis of such classification?
12)What is/are the difference(s) between a rooted and an unrooted phylogenetic tree?
13)What are the major differences between the genus Pseudomonas and Vibrio?
14)What are the constituents of slime layer in bacteria?
15)State the role of ethylene oxide in control of microorganisms.
16)What do you mean by numerical aperture of a microscope?
17)How do you sterilise/disinfect the following: (i) Serum, (ii) Laminar air flow hood.
18)What are the major differences between the genus Bacillus and Escherichia?
19)Gram staining is not possible for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Explain why.
20)Why biological concept of species is not applicable to prokaryotes?
21)Why members of genus Mycoplasma are insensitive to Penicillin?
22)With suitable example state the differences between selective and differential
media.
23)How do chemolithotrophs differ from chemoorganotrophs?
24)What are auxotrophs? Give an example.
25)Lysozyme can affect Eubacterial cell wall but cannot affect Archaebacterial cell
wall. Why?
26)What do you mean by Polyphasic Taxonomy?
27)What is the role of SASP in protecting Bacillus subtilis endospore against UV
mediated damage?
28)What are endoflagella? Name a bacterium in which it is present.
29)What are the major characteristic features of archaebacterial cell membrane?
30)Why 16S rRNA gene is considered as an excellent evolutionary chronometer in
bacterial systematics?
31)What is “Thermal Death Time”?
32)70% alcohol is more effective than 90% for killing bacteria — Why?
33)State any two differences between oxygenic and anoxygenic bacteria.
34)What is the difference between Molecular Taxonomy and Classical Taxonomy?
35)What are evolutionary chronometers?
36)What is endosymbiosis?
37)Mention two limitations of phase-contrast microscopy.
38)Discuss the effect(s) of osmotic pressure on control of microbial growth.
39)How do you sterilize/disinfect the following: (i) Antibiotics, (ii) Mobile phone, (iii)
Inoculation loop, (iv) Meat samples.
40)What is “negative staining” and how it is useful to understand microbial
morphology?
41)Differentiate between microaerophiles and facultative anaerobes.
42)Mention one example of each of — (i) Methanogen, (ii) β-proteobacteria.
43)What are mixotrophs? Give one example.
44)What is/are the difference(s) between a rooted and unrooted phylogenetic tree?
45)Why Gram character of bacteria cannot be considered as universal?
46)What is moist heat sterilization?
47)Mention the names of two cryoprotecting agents.
48)“Gram staining is not possible for Mycobacteria.” – Justify the statement.
49)State two major differences between the genus Bacillus and Escherichia.
50)How does an oil immersion objective work?
51)What are the functions of the following enzymes? (i) Catalase (ii) Superoxide
dismutase.
52)What is the function of primary stain in Gram staining?
53)How does halogens influence bacterial growth?
54)How can a pure culture be obtained from a mixed bacterial population?
55)State the importance of Cyanobacteria in agriculture.
56)How can phylogenetic tree contribute to draw a lineage of bacterial species?
57)Why are bacterial cultures lyophilized?
58)Define Delta proteobacteria. Give an example.
59)Give two differences between Eubacterial and archaebacterial cell wall.
60)What is/are the assumption(s) behind “parsimony method”?
61)How can you classify coccus-shaped bacteria based on their cellular arrangement?
62)What is the unique feature of Braun’s lipoprotein? State its role in maintenance of
bacterial cell wall structure.
63)What do you mean by differential staining? Give example.
64)Explain the functions of chromophore and auxochrome in a stain with suitable
example.
65)What do you mean by empty magnification? What is the role of iris diaphragm in a
compound microscope?
66)In an enriched media, what is the function of peptone/tryptone and yeast
extract/beef extract?
67)Which media would you use to isolate an organic acid–producing bacteria from soil
and why?
68)What is rhodopsin?
69)How halophiles differ from halotolerants?
70)Write the function of excitation filter in fluorescence microscope.
71)What do you mean by palisade arrangement of bacterial cell?
72)Give one example of an acidic and one basic stain.
73)Mention the conditions for autoclaving.
74)What is cryopreservation?
75)What is a synthetic media? Give one example.