In supervised learning, the model is trained with labeled data where each input has a
corresponding output. On the other hand, unsupervised learning involves training the model with
unlabeled data which helps to uncover patterns, structures or relationships within the data
without predefined outputs.
What is Supervised learning?
Supervised learning train the machine using the labelled data which means each input has the
correct output in the form category attached to it. After that machine is provided with a new set
of examples (data) so that it can analyses the training data and produces a correct outcome from
labeled data.
For example, a labeled dataset of images of Elephant, Camel and Cow would have each image
tagged with either "Elephant", "Camel" or "Cow."
Types of Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is classified into two types of algorithms:
1. Regression
A regression is used to predict continuous values such as house prices, stock prices or
temperature. Regression algorithms learn how to connect input data to a specific number or
value.
Some common regression algorithms include:
1. Linear Regression
2. Polynomial Regression
2. Classification
A classification is used to predict categorical values such as whether a customer will buy or not,
whether an email is spam or not or whether a medical image shows a tumor or not. Classification
algorithms learn how to connect input data to the probability of belonging to different groups or
categories.
Some of the most common classification algorithms include:
1. Logistic Regression
2. Support Vector Machines
3. Decision Trees
4. Random Forests
5. Naive Baye
Applications of Supervised learning
It can be used to solve variety of problems which includes:
1. Image classification: It can automatically classify images into different categories such
as animals, objects or scenes helps in the tasks like image search, content moderation and
image-based product recommendations.
2. Medical diagnosis: It can assist in medical diagnosis by analyzing patient data such as
medical images, test results and patient history to identify patterns that suggest specific
diseases or conditions.
3. Fraud detection: They can analyze financial transactions and identify patterns that
shows fraudulent activity which helps financial institutions prevent fraud and protect
their customers.
4. Natural language processing (NLP): It plays a important role in NLP tasks including
sentiment analysis, machine translation and text summarization which enables machines
to understand and process human language effectively.
What is Unsupervised learning?
Unsupervised learning is a part of machine learning which works differently from supervised
because there is no teacher(supervisor) involved to guide the machine. In this approach the
machine is given with data that has no labels or categories. It analyzes the data on its own to
find patterns, groups or relationships without any prior knowledge. The machine learns by
discovering hidden structures within the data without being told what the correct output should
be.
For example, unsupervised learning can analyze animal data and group the animals by their traits
and behavior. These groups might represent different species which allows the machine to
organize animals without any prior labels or categories.
Types of Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is divided into two categories of algorithms:
1. Clustering
A clustering is used to group similar data points together. Clustering algorithms work by
repeatedly moving data points closer to to the center of their group (cluster) and farther from
points in other groups. This helps the algorithm to create clear and meaningful clusters. Some
popular clustering algorithms include:
1. K-means clustering
2. Hierarchical clustering
2. Association rule learning
An association rule learning used to find patterns and relationships between different items in a
dataset. It looks for rules like “people who buy X often also buy Y”.
Some common Association rule learning algorithms include:
1. Apriori Algorithm
2. Eclat Algorithm
3. FP-Growth Algorithm
Application of Unsupervised learning
Unsupervised learning can be used to solve a variety of problems which includes:
1. Anomaly detection: It can identify unusual patterns or behaviors in data helps in the
detection of fraud, security breaches or system problems.
2. Scientific discovery: It can show hidden relationships and patterns in scientific data
which leads to new insights and ideas.
3. Recommendation systems: It finds similarities in user behavior and preferences to
recommend products, movies or music that align with their interests.
4. Customer segmentation: It can identify groups of customers with similar characteristics
which allows businesses to target marketing campaigns and improve customer service
more effectively.