22-06-2026

4602CJA101821260004 JA

PART-A-PHYSICS

SECTION-I(i)

1) A voltmeter of resistance 1800 Ω is used to measure the potential difference across a 200 Ω
resistor, which is connected to a power supply of emf 50 V and internal resistance of 20 Ω. What is
the percentage decrease in the potential difference across the 200 Ω resistor when the voltmeter is
connected.

(A) 1%
(B) 5%
(C) 10%
(D) 25%

2) Figure shows a metre bridge, wire AC has uniform cross-section. The length of wire AC is 100 cm.
X is standard resistor of 4Ω and Y is a coil. When Y is immersed in melting ice the null point D is at
40 cm from point A. When the coil Y is heated to 100°C, a 78Ω resistor has to be connected in
parallel with Y in order to keep the bridge balanced at the same point. Temperature coefficient of

resistance of the coil is :-

(A) 6.3 × 10–4 K–1

(B) 4.3 × 10–4 K–1
(C) 8.3 × 10–4 K–1
(D) 2.3 × 10–4 K–1

3) Diagram shows 6 identical air capacitors connected to an ideal battery (V). In this condition,
charge on capacitor C6 is Q1. Now a dielectric whose dielectric constant is 2, is put between the
plates of C4 so that it occupies the entire space between the plates. Now charge on C6 becomes Q2.

Then should be:

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

4) Consider a circuit shown in the figure. The emf of the battery is slowly increased to a final value
of E0 from zero. One plate of the capacitor is fixed while the other plate is tied to an elastic string of
natural length ℓ, Young's modulus Y & area of cross-section A :-

(A) Capacitance of the capacitor continuously decreases as time proceeds

Maximum value of elongation in the string is less than 'd' seperation between the plates initially
(B)
for any value of E0.
Energy stored in the capacitor is more as compared to the case when the plates of capacitor
(C)
were kept fixed.
(D) Extention in string increases linearly with value of emf of battery.

5)

A monatomic gas goes through cyclic process shown in P-V curve. The efficiency of cycle is :
[Process BC is isothermal]

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
6) At 0°C, the densities of a cork and a liquid in which the cork floats are d1 and d2 respectively. The
coefficients of expansion for the material of the cork and the liquid are γ and 100γ respectively. If
the cork sinks when termperature of liquid is t°C, then ratio (d2/d1) is :-

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

SECTION-I(ii)

1)

The cyclic process C1 : 1–2–3–4 & C2 : 2–3–4–A–B–C–2 are performed over one mole of an ideal
monoatomic gas (figure) and the gas receives the amount of the heat Q1 from the heater in process
C1 & Q2 is the amount of heat received in process C2. Q1' & Q2' are the heat rejected by gas in
process C1 & C2 respectively & therefore net heat absorbed by the gases are in C1 : ΔQ1 = Q1 – Q1' &
that in C2 : ΔQ2 = Q2 – Q2'. Efficiency of the gas in C1 is η1 and in C2 it is η2. Choose the CORRECT
statement(s). Dotted curve 2–B–4 shown is an isotherm & T3 = 16T1.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

2)

A composite block is made of slabs A, B, C, D and E of different thermal conductivities (given in

terms of a constant K) and sizes (given in terms of length, L) as shown in the figure. All slabs are of
same width. Heat ‘Q’ flows only from left to right through the blocks. Then in steady state :-
(A) heat flow through A and E slabs are same
(B) heat flow through slab E is maximum
(C) temperature difference across slab E is smallest
(D) heat flow through C= heat flow through B + Heat flow through D

3) Four identical capacitor each of capacitance 5 µF are connected as shown in Figure. They are
attached to the battery of emf E = 9 V. Initially the key K2 is open, and the switch K1 is closed. Then

key K1 is opened and K2 is closed.

(A) The initial potential difference across capacitor 2 is 3 V.

(B) The final potential difference across capacitor 2 is 1.8 V.
(C) The charge flown through the battery after the reversal of switches is 3µC.
(D) The charge flown through the battery after the reversal of switches is zero.

4) We have a parallel plate capacitor made of two conducting, circular sheets of radius 2R each.
They are kept at a small separation d between them. Suppose, we insert a circular shape dielectric
of radius R and thickness d, between the gap with its centre coinciding with the plate centres the
dielectric constant is k. The correct statement is/are :

(A)
Capacitance of the capacitor is

(B)
Capacitance of the capacitor is
(C) Ratio of electric field in the region with dielectric & without dielectric is 1
(D) Ratio of electric field in the region with dielectric & without dielectric is 1 : k

5) A conducting wire has a non uniform cross section as shown in figure. A steady current flows

through it. Which of the following is/are true :

(A) Drift speed of electrons at A is less than at B.

(B) Drift speed of electron at A is more than at B.
(C) Magnitude of electric field at A is less than magnitude of electric field at B.
(D) Electric field is zero at every point, inside of wire.

6) Shown is a DC circuit that contains two switches. Each switch has zero resistance when closed.
All of the connecting wires should be considered to have zero resistance. All of the resistors shown
are identical. The circuit contains an ideal ammeter and an ideal voltmeter. The diagram shows the
switches open. Below the diagram are four different switch configurations for the circuit. Rank these
configurations in terms of the ammeter reading & voltmeter reading.

Configuration S1 S2

a open open

b open closed

c closed open

d closed closed
(A) ia < ib < ic < id
(B) ia < ic < ib < id
(C) vc = vd < va < vb
(D) vc = vd < vb < va

SECTION-III

1) A galvanometer of coil resistance 1Ω is converted into voltmeter by using a resistance of 5Ω in

series and another identical galvanometer is converted into ammeter by using a shunt of 1Ω. Now
ammeter and voltmeter connected in circuit as shown, find the ratio of reading of voltmeter (in volts)

and ammeter (in amperes).

2) A potentiometer wire of resistance per unit length (where x is distance from left
end of the potentiometer wire) is connected to four ideal batteries as shown in the figure. Resistance
of connecting wires is negligible. A cell of e.m.f. 1 volt is balanced against potential drop on
potentiometer wire. How many null point can be obtained on the wire.
3) A capacitor C1 (= C) is charged to a potential difference ε is connected to a charging circuit by
changing the switch S as shown. Assume the instant of switching as t = 0. Capacitor C2 is, initially
uncharged, then, the charge on C2(= C) is changing according to equation ; q2 = Q2(1 – e–t/δ). where,
δ is called time constant and Q2 is the steady state charge on C2. Let, Q2 = n2(Cε) and = δ = n1(RC).

Find .

4)

2 moles of gas having adiabatic constant is mixed with 1 mole of gas having . γ for the

mixture is given by . Find the value of α.

5) A closed gas cylinder fitted with smooth piston is shown in figure. Equilibrium temperature of
each part is found 27°C and volume of upper part is 3 times that of lower part. The temperature (in

Kelvin) at which this volume ratio becomes 2 is , then n is

PART-B-CHEMISTRY

SECTION-I(i)
1) In the reaction sequence :

(Y) will be:

(A) CH2 = CH – CHO

(B) CH2 = CH – CH2OH
(C) Mixture of CH2 = CH – COOH and CH2 = CH – CH2OH

(D)

2) Match the list

Column-I (Reaction / conversion) Column-II (Reagent used)

(A) (P) NaBH4 + SOCl2

(B) (Q) DlBAL-H(–78ºC)

NBS/Peroxide + KOH(alc)
(C) (R)
+ OsO4 + NaIO4

(D) (S) LiAlH4/MeOH

(A) A → P;B → Q;C → R;D → S

(B) A → S;B → P;C → Q;D → R
(C) A → S;B → P;C → R;D → Q
(D) A → Q;B → S;C → P;D → R

3)

Identify the possible structure of X and Y.

 X Y

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

4) The following synthesis can be carried out by:

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

5) Consider the following reaction sequence

Compound (y) develops characteristic colour with neutral FeCl3 solution.
Identify the INCORRECT statement from the following for the above sequence.

(A) Both compounds x and y will dissolve in NaOH.

(B) Compound y will dissolve in NaHCO3 and evolve a gas.
(C) Compound x is more acidic than compound y.
(D) Both compounds x and y will burn with sooty flame.

6) In which of the following reactions an optically active single product is formed.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

SECTION-I(ii)

1) Which of the following reaction(s) can produce the same product, Which is formed in the following

reaction.

(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

2) The correct options among the following are:-

More substituted alkenes epoxidises faster as alkyl groups raises the energy of HOMO of double
(A)
bond making it more nucleophilic
In Bromination of cyclohexene the bromonium ion formed opens up only to give diaxial product
(B)
which can flip to diequitorial .

(C)

(D)

3)
(P, Q, R are organic product)
Correct option is/are :

(A) H2O > P > R (Acidic strength)

(B) Q > P (Rate of dehydration)
(C) All P, Q & R give same major product with Lucas reagent
(D) All P, Q & R react with Lucas reagent with same rate

4) Consider the following reaction :

 'X'
The structure of the product can be :

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

5) An organic chloride A(C8H13Cl) exist as enantiomers and does not decolourize Baeyer’s reagent. A
on treatment with ethanolic solution of KOH produces B(C8H12) as major product, which does not
show enantiomerism. B on ozonolysis followed by work-up with H2O2 gives two compounds C(C4H6O)
and D(C4H6O2), neither of them decolourize brown colour of bromine. C on monochlorination in
presence of sunligth produces two isomeric products E and F, of which only E is enantiomeric. On
the other-hand, D on heating with NaOH/CaO, produced G(C3H6). G does not decolourize bromine
water and gives single monochlorination product. Which of the following is correct about compound
G.

(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

6) Compound on the reactant side can be converted to compound on the product side (as the chief
product) by which of the following sequence of reagents?

(A) (i) LiAlH4; (ii) SOCl2; (iii) Mg/ Et2O; (iv) Me2CO; (v) aq. NH4Cl; (vi) PCl5 ; (vii) EtOK / Δ
(B) (i) SOCl2 ; (ii) (Me2CH)2 Cd; (iii) NaBH4 / EtOH; (iv) SOCl2; (v) t - BuOK / Δ
+ +
(C) (i) MeOH / H ; (ii) DlBAL - H / -78°C; (iii) Me2CHMgBr; (iv) H3O ; (v) PCl3 ; (vi) KOH / EtOH
(D) (i) Me2CHLi; (ii) H3O ; (iii) Al2O3 / Δ
+

SECTION-III

1) How many reactions are correct ?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)

(f)

2) How many alcohols (structural isomers) react with conc. H2SO4 to give a major
product?

3) A hydrocarbon is optically active and on treatment with gives which

does not rotate plane polarized light. A does not give any precipitate on treatment with ammonical
silver nitrate solution. A on treatment with gives which is also optically
inactive but A on treatment with Na/liq gives D, an isomer of C, which is able to show
enantiomerism. Also A on ozonolysis gies & acetaldehyde. The
no. of tertiary carbon in compound is:

4) How many of these reactions will definitely involve SN2 mechanism for major product formation.

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

(v) (vi)

(vii) (viii)

5) In the following statements,

i) [ Ease of oxidation with ]

ii) [Ease of oxidation with HIO4.2H2O]

iii) . then 'P' is more acidic than HCOOH.

iv) [rate of epoxidation with NaOH]

If Number of CORRECT statements = X

Number of INCORRECT statements = 'Y' ,
Then, the value of ( Y - X) is

PART-C-MATHEMATICS

SECTION-I(i)

1) Consider all possible polynomials with real coefficients

satisfying
. Then the maximum possible value of is

(A) 210
(B) 310
(C) 510
(D) 1

2) equals

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) None of these

3) If and

Then S + π2 =

(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) irrational number

4)

The value of equal to

(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 1

(D)

5) Let where is a twice differentiable positive function on such that

Then, for is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

6) Let g : R → R be a differentiable function (g′(0) ≠ 0) and f : R → R be a function such that

g(x+y) = g(x) + g(y) + 1 ∀ x, y ∈ R and ∀ x ∈ R.

If f is continuous on R and f(2023) = f(2024) ≠ f(0) then

(A) 2
(B) 3
(C)

(D)

SECTION-I(ii)

1)

Let p, q, r be distinct positive real numbers, such that exactly any two of the equations

px2 + 2qx + r = 0; qx2 + 2rx + p = 0; rx2 + 2px + q = 0 have a common root, say α, then which of
the following statements is/are true -
(A) α is real & negative
(B) α is real & positive
(C) remaining third quadratic equation has real roots
(D) remaining third quadratic equation has imaginary roots

2)

Let 6a < 4b < 3c then the equation,

(2x – a) (3x – b) + (3x – b) (4x – c) + (4x – c) (2x – a) = 0 has

(A) Both roots real

(B) Both roots imaginary

(C)
One root lies between

(D)
One root lies between

3) Given . If , then ℓ is
greater than or equal to -

(A) –1
(B) 0
(C) 1

(D)

4) If the function is continuous at x = 0, then

(A) a = -4
(B) b = 5
(C) a = 4
(D) f(0) = 1

5) is not equal to :-

(A) 0
(B) e3
(C) e2
(D) e–2

6) Let be such that f(1) = 3 and f ’(1) = 6. Then is not equals to

(A) 1
(B) e1/2
(C) e2
(D) e3

SECTION-III

1) If α and β are the roots of x4 + x3 –1 = 0, then αβ is root of x6 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + d = 0, the value
of a + b – c – d is____.

2) Let α, β, γ be the roots of the equation .

Where α < β < γ and log102 = 0.3010. Then (The number of digits in the number ) – 69
= ______.

3) Let a1 = 2, an + 1 = an2 – an + 1 for n ≥ 1. Find

4)

Let be such that . Then, equals______.

5) Let be defined on set of real numbers,

If then find the minimum number of zeros of the equation
 ANSWER KEYS

PART-A-PHYSICS

SECTION-I(i)

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6
A. A C A C A A

SECTION-I(ii)

Q. 7 8 9 10 11 12
A. A,C A,B,C,D A,D A,C B B,C

SECTION-III

Q. 13 14 15 16 17
A. 1 2 2 8 8

PART-B-CHEMISTRY

SECTION-I(i)

Q. 18 19 20 21 22 23
A. D D D C C D

SECTION-I(ii)

Q. 24 25 26 27 28 29
A. A,B A,B A,B A,D B A,C

SECTION-III

Q. 30 31 32 33 34
A. 4 5 1 4 0

PART-C-MATHEMATICS

SECTION-I(i)

Q. 35 36 37 38 39 40
A. B C A D A C

SECTION-I(ii)

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46
A. A,D A,C,D A,D A,B,D A,B,C A,B,D
 SECTION-III

Q. 47 48 49 50 51
A. 4 1 1 7 5
 SOLUTIONS

PART-A-PHYSICS

1) Question Explain:
In this question we are given 200 Ω resistor connected to a 50 V battery with internal
resistance 20 Ω. A voltmeter of resistance 1800 Ω is used to measure the potential across
the 200 Ω resistor. We have to find the percentage decrease in the potential across the 200
Ω resistor after the voltmeter is connected.
Concept:
Real Voltmeter
Solution:
Case-I : When voltmeter is not connected

Total resistance = 20 Ω + 200 Ω = 220 Ω

Current I =
Voltage across 200 resistor is

V1 = IR ⇒ V =
Case-2: After connecting the voltmeter

Voltmeter resistance = 1800 Ω

New equilvalent resistance across the 200 Ω resistor,

⇒ (Since both are in parallel)

⇒ R' = 180 Ω
Total resistance now = 20 +180 = 200 Ω

Now current I' =

I' =
New voltage across the Parallel combination of 200 Ω resistor

V2 = I × R =

Therefore percentage change =

⇒ ⇒
∴ –1% here negative sign shown the decrease in potential difference

∴ Percentage decrease =
Final Answer : Option (1)

2)

Initially
So Y = 6Ω

72Y' = 78 × 6

Y' = = 6(1 + αΔT)

3)

Initially Qi =

Finally Qf =
Qi : Qf = 3 : 4

4) Question Explanation:
A circuit contains a capacitor where one plate is fixed and the other is attached to an elastic
string (natural length , Young's modulus Y, area A). The EMF is slowly increased from zero
to E0. We need to identify the correct statement regarding the physical changes in the system.
Concept:
As voltage increases, electrostatic attraction pulls plates closer, stretching the string.
Solution:
Capacitance Change: As the EMF increases, the charges +Q and -Q on the plates increase,

creating an attractive force .

This force pulls the movable plate toward the fixed plate, decreasing the separation d.

Since , a decrease in d leads to an increase in capacitance C. Statement 1 is incorrect.

Energy Comparison: Because the plates move closer together, the work done by the
electrostatic force is stored as potential energy in the string and leads to a higher capacitance
compared to a fixed-plate scenario. This results in more energy being stored in the capacitor
for the same final voltage E0. Statement 3 is correct.
Linearity of Extension: The electrostatic force is proportional to the square of the charge (and
thus the square of the voltage), while the restoring force of the string is linear .
Therefore, the extension does not increase linearly with the EMF. Statement 4 is incorrect.
Final answer: Option (3)

5)

W = WAB + WBC + WCA

= 0 + 2P0V0ln2 – P0V0

Qin = QAB + QBC =

6) d1' = d2'

7)

Q1 = , 15PV + 12PV =
ΔQ1 = 9 PV
Q2 = [2PV + 2PV] + [12PV] + 12PV
= (24 + 12)PV
= 36 PV
ΔQ2 = Q2 – Q2' = 8 PV
Q2' = (36PV – 8PV)
= 28 PV

⇒
P2V2 = 16P1V1

, P2 = 4P1

=
P'V' = 4PV

8)

• In steady state : heat in = heat out. So, A is true

• Option B is also true because total heat is flowing through E.

Q = same
RE is minimum. So, ΔT is minimum
So option C is true

• , , ,
So, QB + QD= QC.
Hence D is also true.

9)

Question Explanation: Capacitor charge distribution.

Concept: Series/Parallel Capacitance.
Solution: Initial State ( closed, open):
Capacitors 1, 2, and 3 are connected in series across the 9 V battery. Because the capacitors
are identical, the potential difference divides equally.
 Capacitor 4 is disconnected and remains uncharged ( ).
Final State ( open, closed):

A. Battery Disconnection: Once is opened, the battery is completely isolated from the rest of
the circuit. No charge can enter or leave the battery. Thus, the charge flow through the
battery is zero.
B. Charge Redistribution: Closing puts Capacitor 2 and Capacitor 4 in parallel. The initial
charge on is now shared between and .
C. Potential Calculation: Since they are identical and in parallel, the charge splits equally, and
the new voltage across both becomes 1.5V . This makes statement 2 incorrect as it is 1.5V, not
1.8V.

Final Answer: Statements 1 and 4 are correct.

10) Question Explanation: The question asks to find the correct statements for the capacitor.
Concept: Capacitors in parallel and Electric Field.
Solution:

Area with dielectric

Area with air

C = Cdi + Cempty

Electric Field . Since V and d are constant, Ratio =1:1.

Final Answer: Option (1) & (3)​​

11) by i = nAeVd
⇒ AB > AA ⇒ Vd|B < Vd|A

12)

C→0
 D→0

13)

The circuit according to question will be

It can be redrawn as

Let reading of ammeter be i. Then i1 = i/3 clearly.

Reading of voltmeter is V = i1 × 3Ω = i/3 × 3 = i
V/i = 1.

14) Null point will be achieved when ΔV = 1V

∴ Total of 2 null points will be there.

15) After switching

KVL :

IR +

IR + q
Q2 = 2εCeq = 2ε = Cε, n2 = 1

δ = RCeq = R = , n1 =

16)

17)
For upper part
P1(3V0) = RT0
For lower part
P2(V0) = RT0 ⇒ P2 = 3P1
for equilibrium of piston
P1A + mg = P2A
P1A + mg = 3P1A

P1 =

P2 =
Let final pressure be P'1 and P2' respectively and temperature be T, Then
 P'1(2V) = RT and P'2V = RT
P'2 = 2P'1
and (V + 2V) = (V0 + 3V0)

For equilibrium

P'1A + mg = P'2A = 2P'1A

mg = P'1A

P'1 = 2P1 , P'2 =

P1'(2V) = RT
4P1V = RT

∴n=8

PART-B-CHEMISTRY

18) Tishchenko reaction

19) A → Q;B → S;C → P;D → R

20)

Explaining the Question :- Structure of x and y

Concept:- This questions is based on Oxidation of alcohol and benzylic oxidation.
Solution :-

Given that
⇒ x or y both should be chiral.
⇒ Benzylic oxidation by KMnO4 / OH– gives benzoic acid.
So, x and y can be

Final Answer :- (D)

21) Option (C) correctly represent this reaction

22) (X) YMajor

76.6%C
6.38% H
Vapour Density 47

23)

24)

25) follows NGP mechanism so retention of configuration takes place.

26)

Question Explanation:
The question asks for the correct statement regarding the products formed when an
alkene undergoes reaction with
(i) B2H6 followed by H2O2/OH–, and
(ii) Hg(OAc)2 followed by H2O/NaBH4.

Concept:
Preparation of alcohols from alkenes via:

A. Hydroboration–oxidation

B. Oxymercuration–demercuration

Solution :

A. Acidic strength: H2O is more acidic than alcohols due to greater stability of its
conjugate base.

B. Dehydration rate of alcohols: 2° > 1°, because secondary carbocations are more
stable than primary ones.

C. Lucas test (conc. HCl/ZnCl2​):

A. Compound P: No appreciable reaction (indicative of a primary alcohol).

 B. Compound Q: Turbidity appears within ~5 minutes (indicative of a secondary
alcohol).

Final Answer: Options (1 & 2)

27) → →

→ +

(Option A)

→ (Option D)

28) A = B= C=

D= E= F=
G=

29)

30) (a), (b), (d) and (f).

31) Explain Question:

Calculate the total number of alcohol structural isomers (C5H12O) that produce 2-methylbut-2-
ene as the major product upon dehydration.

Concept:
Saytzeff's Rule, 1,2-Hydride/Methyl Shifts, Alkene Stability

Solution:
Based on the provided structural images, the 5 isomers are:
1. 2-methylbutan-2-ol: Dehydrates directly to the major product.
2. 3-methylbutan-2-ol: Forms a secondary carbocation, then a 1,2-hydride shift yields the
tertiary carbocation for the major product.
3. 2-methylbutan-1-ol: Primary carbocation undergoes a 1,2-hydride shift to the tertiary
position.
4. 3-methylbutan-1-ol: Primary carbocation undergoes sequential shifts to reach the tertiary
position.
5. 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol (Neopentyl alcohol): Primary carbocation undergoes a 1,2-methyl
shift to form a tertiary carbocation, leading to the rearranged major product.

Final Answer: The total number of such alcohols is 5.

 32)

33) (i), (iii), (iv), (vi) and (vii) reactions will definitely involve SN2 mechanism for major product
formation.

34) X = 2 [ (i), (iii) ]

Y = 2 [ (ii), (iv) ]

PART-C-MATHEMATICS

35)

36) Let . Note that for

positive real numbers a and b. In particular, for each fixed positive integer n with 1 ≤ n ≤
99, choose a > b > 0 satisfying a + b = 20, ab = n, then a, b are roots of the equations x2 – 20
+ n = 0 i.e.
37)

38)

Divide Nr and Dr by x5

Now apply limit

39) We have,

[given
[taking log both sides]
[from Eq. (i)]
i.e. ..... (ii)

on replacing x by in Eq. we get

...(iii)
On substituting in Eq. and adding
 40)
⇒ g(x) is one-one function

f is continuous on R and f(22023) = f(22024) ≠ f(0)

then

41)

Let first two equation have common root α, if α is imaginary, then both roots are imaginary
px2 + 2qx + r = 0
qx2 + 2rx + p = 0

then ⇒ p = q = r not possible

Now α is real.

px2 + 2qx + r = 0

qx2 + 2rx + p = 0

possible only when α, β1 both are

–ve (α is negative)
from both quadratic
q2 – pr > 0 ⇒ q2 > pr ....(i)
2 2
r – pq > 0 ⇒ r > pq ....(ii)
(i) × (ii)

⇒ qr > p2 third equation has imaginary roots

42)

43) Question Explanation:

Evaluate the limit involving Taylor series to find an infinite sum.
Concept:
Maclaurin Series & Telescoping Series
Solution:
Use the Maclaurin expansion of ex to approximate the numerator for x → 0. Use binomial
expansion to simplify the expression into a general n-th term. Express this term as a difference
to create a telescoping sum and evaluate the infinite limit.
Calculation:

Let . We know for small x.

Using binomial approximation as x → 0, we ignore higher powers:

We can rewrite ak to create a telescoping difference:

Summing this telescoping series from k = 1 to n:

Taking the limit as n → :

Final answer :
Option (1) &(4)

44)
We have

for a finite limit to exist, the numerator must be 0 at x = 0, since the denominator is 0 at x = 0
i.e., 3 + 2a + b = 0 (1)
Now, we have,

For a finite limit to exist, the numerator must be 0 at x = 0, since the denominator is 0 at x = 0
i.e. 27 + 8a + b = 0 (2)
Now, we have,

Solving equations (1) and (2), we have

a = -4, b = 5
For f to be continuous at x = 0, we have

f(0) = 1
Final Answer: The correct options are (1,2,4)

45)

Hence the correct answer are A, B and C...

46)

47)
48)

49) an + 1 =
So, an ≠ 0 for n ∈ N.
Also, an is an increasing sequence.
an+1 – 1 = an2 – an

∵
 50)

51)

Question Explanation: Finding minimum roots using IVT and odd function symmetry.
Concept: Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) and Odd Functions.
Solution: The given function f(x) is a sum of odd functions (ax9, sin⁡x, x2sgn(x),tanh⁡x), so f(x) is
odd. This implies f(–x) = –f(x) and f(0) = 0. Using the given values and symmetry, we
determine the signs of the function at various points. By the Intermediate Value Theorem, a
continuous function must have a root in any interval where it changes sign. Limits at ±∞ are
determined by the leading term ax9.

Calculation:

A. Odd Function Property: f(x) is odd ⟹ f(0) = 0, f(2) = –f(–2) = 3, f(5) = –f(–5) = –5.
B. Behavior at Infinity: Since a > 0 and x9 is the dominant odd power, and

C. Counting Sign Changes (Minimum Roots):

A. Interval (–∞, –5) : f goes from –∞ to 5→ at least 1 root.

B. Interval (–5, –2) : f goes from 5 to –3 → at least 1 root.[1]
C. Point x = 0 : 1 root at x = 0.
D. Interval (2, 5): f goes from 3 to –5→ at least 1 root.
E. Interval (5, ∞) : f goes from -5 to ∞ → at least 1 root.

D. Total Minimum Zeroes: K = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5.

Final Answer : 5