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Chapter 3 Math Notes

Chapter 3 covers pairs of linear equations in two variables, defining them and discussing their graphical representation. It outlines three scenarios for the lines formed by these equations: intersecting, parallel, and coincident, along with algebraic conditions for solvability. Additionally, it presents two algebraic methods for solving these equations: substitution and elimination, emphasizing the importance of checking the ratios of coefficients before applying these methods.

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4 views3 pages

Chapter 3 Math Notes

Chapter 3 covers pairs of linear equations in two variables, defining them and discussing their graphical representation. It outlines three scenarios for the lines formed by these equations: intersecting, parallel, and coincident, along with algebraic conditions for solvability. Additionally, it presents two algebraic methods for solving these equations: substitution and elimination, emphasizing the importance of checking the ratios of coefficients before applying these methods.

Uploaded by

adityamathur8936
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 3 Mathematics

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Note: Since the specific curriculum was not mentioned, these notes cover the standard 10th-
grade topic for Chapter 3. If you need notes for a different class (like Class 12 Matrices or
Class 8 Understanding Quadrilaterals), please let me know!

1. Introduction

An equation which can be put in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are real numbers and
both a and b are not zero, is called a linear equation in two variables x and y.

A pair of linear equations in two variables is represented generally as:

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

2. Graphical Method of Solution

The graph of a linear equation is a straight line. For a pair of linear equations, there are three
possibilities for the two lines on a graph:

• Intersecting Lines: The lines intersect at exactly one point. This point is the unique
solution of the system. (The system is consistent).

• Parallel Lines: The lines do not intersect at all. There is no solution. (The system is
inconsistent).

• Coincident Lines: The lines overlap completely. There are infinitely many solutions.
(The system is dependent and consistent).

3. Algebraic Conditions for Solvability

Without drawing the graph, we can determine the nature of the lines and solutions by
comparing the ratios of their coefficients:
Ratio Comparison Graphical Representation Algebraic Interpretation

a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2 Intersecting lines Exactly one solution (unique)

a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2 Coincident lines Infinitely many solutions

a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2 Parallel lines No solution

4. Algebraic Methods of Solving

When the graphical method is not precise or convenient, we use algebraic methods to find
the exact solutions for x and y.

A. Substitution Method

In this method, we express one variable in terms of the other from one equation and
substitute it into the other equation.

1. Find the value of one variable, say y, in terms of the other variable x from either
equation.

2. Substitute this value of y in the second equation. This gives an equation in one variable

(x).

3. Solve for x.

4. Substitute the value of x back into the expression for y to find its value.

B. Elimination Method

This method involves removing one of the variables by making its coefficients equal in both
equations.

1. Multiply one or both equations by suitable non-zero constants to make the coefficients
of either x or y numerically equal.

2. Add or subtract one equation from the other so that one variable gets eliminated.

3. Solve the resulting equation in one variable.

4. Substitute the found value into any of the original equations to find the value of the
other variable.
Key Takeaway

Always check the ratios a1/a2 and b1/b2 before spending time applying substitution or
elimination. If a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2, you can immediately state that there is no solution!

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