References:
Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning---------L.R. Kadiyali
Introduction to Transportation Engineering---------Wright & Peckard
Highway Engineering----------------------------Gurcharan Singh
Highway engineering-----------------------------Wright & Dixon
Prepared by: Md. Aminul Islam,
Lecturer,
Dept. of CEE,SUST.
Transportation System
Road transport System
Traffic characteristics
Traffic Flow Characteristics
Geometric Design of Highway
Intersection and interchange
Street lighting
Parking Studies
Isolated Traffic Signal
Meaning and Definition
“The process of moving an item from one
place to another.”
“Safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable
movement of persons and goods over time and
space”
Transportation in Logistics:
The operation of transportation determines the
efficiency of moving products
The progress in techniques and management
principles improves the moving load, delivery
speed, service quality, operation costs, the usage
of facilities and energy saving.
Transportation takes a crucial part in the
Logistics Operation
Therefore, transportation is the base of efficiency
and economy in business logistics and expands
other functions of logistics system
Importance of Transportation System:
Without well-developed transportation systems, logistics
could not bring its advantages into full play.
A good transport system in logistics activities could provide
better logistics efficiency, reduce operation cost, and promote
service quality.
A well-operated logistics system could increase both the
competitiveness of the government and enterprises.
Transport system is the most important economic activity
among the components of business logistics systems
Transportation Functionality
Product Movement
Functions of
Transportation
Product Storage
Types of Transportation
Rail Transport:
Advantages of Rail transport:
It is a convenient mode of transport for travelling long
distances.
It is relatively faster than road transport.
It is suitable for carrying heavy goods in large quantities
over long distances.
Its operation is less affected by adverse weathers
conditions like rain, floods, fog, etc.
Limitations of Railway transport:
It is relatively expensive for carrying goods and
passengers over short distances.
It is not available in remote parts of the country.
It provides service according to fixed time schedule and is
not flexible for loading or unloading of goods at any
place.
It involves heavy losses of life as well as goods in case of
accident.
Road Transport
Advantages
It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared to other
modes.
Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road
carriers over a short distance.
It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is
possible at any destination. It provides door-to-door service.
It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to
another, in places which are not connected by other means of
transport like hilly areas.
Limitations of Road transport
Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not
economical for long distance transportation of goods.
Transportation of heavy goods or goods in bulk by
road involves high cost.
Water Transport
Advantages:
It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy
goods.
It is a safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of
accidents.
The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low most
of them are naturally made.
It promotes international trade.
Disadvantages:
The depth /navigability of rivers and canals varies
from one place to another, thus affect operations of
different transport vessels.
It is a slow moving mode of transport and therefore
not suitable for transport of perishable goods.
It is adversely affected by weather conditions.
Sea transport requires large investment on ships and
their maintenance.
Air Transport:
Advantages:
It is the fastest mode of transport.
It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers
to the area, which are not accessible by any other
means.
It is the most convenient mode of transport during
natural calamities.
It provides vital support to the national security and
defence
Disadvantages:
It is relatively more expensive mode of transport.
It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky
goods.
It is affected by adverse weather conditions.
It is not suitable for short distance travel.
In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of
goods, property and life.
Transportation Impacts
The speed, cost, and capabilities of available
transportation have a significant economic impact
on an area ---Highway, rail, freight, transit, shipping
Countries with better/advanced transportation
networks and services are leaders in industry and
commerce
USA, Japan, Germany, ...
Current problems in transportation sector:
1. Financing
2. Congestion
3. Infrastructure
4. Safety
5. Population
6. Increased truck weights
Multimodal Transportation:
Relative Opening Characteristics by Transportation Modes:
Operating Rail Truck Water Pipelin Air Remarks
Characteristics e
Speed 3 2 4 5 1 Air is the fastest
Availability 2 1 4 5 3 Road is the best since
they can drive from
origin to destination
Dependability 3 2 4 1 5 Pipeline ranks best‐As
the service is continuous
and there is no stoppage
due to traffic or
congestion
Capability 2 3 1 5 4 Sea is the best‐Can
handle all types and size
of cargo
Frequency 4 2 5 1 3 Pipeline is ranked best‐
As the movement is
continuous
Composite 14 10 18 17 16 Lowest rank is the Best
Score
Carrier Selection
Determinants
Transportation Service
Cost Performance
Transportation Costs:
Minimum Weights, Loading , Unloading Facilities, Packaging,
Damage in Transit and special services available from a carrier
Service Performance:
‐‐‐‐Transit Time
‐‐‐‐Reliability
‐‐‐‐Capacity
‐‐‐‐‐Accessibility
‐‐‐‐‐Security
Cost Structure For Each Module:
Mode Fixed Costs Variable Costs
Rail High- Equipments, Low
Terminals , Tracks ,etc
Road Low‐Highway provided by Medium‐Fuel , Maintenance, etc
government
Water Medium‐Ships and Low‐As capacity is huge
Equipment
Pipeline Highest‐Right of the way , Lowest‐Insignificant labour costs
construction, Equipment for
control station and
Pumping capacity
Air Low‐Aircraft and cargo High- Fuel, labour, Maintenance
handling systems
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs And
Pricing:
Thank You