Google computerscience institute, Hazaribag
Chapter : 02
(SOFTWARE CONCEPTS)
❖ SOFTWARE :-Software is a set of program,
instruction or data used to operate the computer
system.
❖ TYPES OF SOFTWARE :-
i) System Software
ii) Application Software
iii) Utility Software
i) SYSTEM SOFTWARE :-System software is a
pre-installed software in a computer system, used to
operates the computer program. eg : windows, Mac,
Chrome, Android, IOS etc.
ii)APPLICATION SOFTWARE :-Application software
installed by a user in a computer system, used to
operates the user program. eg : Microsoft Word, Excel,
Power Point, Access, Adobe Photoshop, VLC etc.
iii)UTILITY SOFTWARE :-Utility software is used to
protect or manage the computer system. eg : Antivirus
(Norton, Mcafee, Kaspersky, Total AV, AVG etc), Disk
Cleanup, Backup Software etc.
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❖ BOOTING :-The process of loading the operating
system files into main memory is called booting.
And the process of booting is called bootstrapping.
❖ TYPES OF BOOTING :-
i) Cold Booting
ii) Warm Booting
i)COLD BOOTING :- The booting that takes place
when we first start the computer is called cold booting.
ii)WARM BOOTING :- The booting that takes place
when we restart the computer by pressing restart
button is called warm booting.
❖ OPERATING SYSTEM :-An operating system is
intermediary layer between user and hardware.
In other word operating system is used
Interface between user and hardware.
eg : User O.S Hardware
❖ FEATURES OF OPERATING SYSTEM :-
• All hardware managed by OS.
• It provides the service for application software.
• It also managed all files such as program creation,
execution, protection, communication etc.
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• The various operating system are Windows, Linux,
Unix, Mac, IOS, Android etc.
• Linux is an open source operating system.
❖ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM :-
1. Batch OS
2. Multiprogramming OS
3. Multiprocessing OS
4. Multitasking OS
5. Real-time OS
❖ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM BASED ON
USER INTERFACE :-
1. CUI
2. GUI
❖ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM BASED ON
MODE USER :-
1. Single User OS
2. Multiple User OS
1. Batch OS :- Those operating system which do not
directly interact with a computer system is called
batch operating system. It performed work by punch
card.
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2. Multiprogramming OS :- Those operating system
in which multiple program load on main memory but
at a time only one program will be executes is called
multiprogramming operating system.
3. Multitasking OS :- Those operating system that
executes their program in time sharing mode is
called multitasking operating system.
4. Multiprocessing OS :- Those operating system in
which multiple CPU share the information in a
common memory is called multiprocessing OS.
5. Real-time OS :- Those operating system which
strictly bounded within a fixed time is called real
time operating system.
❖ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM BASED ON
USER INTERFACE :-
1. CUI
2. GUI
1. CUI:-
➢ It stands for character user interface.
➢ It performed work by command line.
➢ So it is also known as command line user
interface.
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➢ eg :- MS DOS
➢ MS DOS stands for Microsoft disk operating
system.
➢ It was developed by Microsoft company in 12
August 1981.
➢ The name of 1st version was DOS-86.
➢ It appears like a fully black screen.
➢ In Ms-dos, we can write only.
2. GUI :-
➢ It stands for graphical user interface.
➢ It performed work by graphics form.
➢ eg :- MS WINDOWS
➢ It was developed by Microsoft company in 20
November 1985.
➢ The name of 1st version was windows 1.0,
launched in 10 November 1986.
➢ It appears like a fully colourful screen.
➢ It is easy to use and secure.
❖ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM BASED ON
MODE USER :-
1. Single User OS
2. Multiple User OS
Google computerscience institute, Hazaribag
1. Single User OS :-Those operating system that
allows a single user to perform a single task at a time,
it is known as single user operating system.
2. Multiple User OS :-Those operating system that
allows multiple user to perform multiple task at a
time, it is known as multiple user operating system.
❖ TYPES OF LANGUAGE IN COMPUTER:-
1. Low Level Language/Assembly Language(L.L.L)
2. Machine Level Language(M.L.L)
3. High Level Language(H.L.L)
❖ Language Translator/Language Processor :-
Language translator is a way to converts one
language to another language.
❖ TYPES OF LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR :-
1. Assembler
2. Interpreter
3. Compiler
1. Assembler :- An assembler is used to converts
assembly language/low level language to machine
level language.
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2. Interpreter :- An interpreter is used to converts
high level language to machine level language.
(line by line)
3. Compiler :- A compiler is used to converts high level
language to machine level language. (at a time)
❖ Process State :- Process state is a part of program
which define the current activity of program.
❖ Parts Of Process State :-
1. New
2. Ready
3. Running/Execution
4. Waiting
5. Terminating/Exit
Chapter : 02 Completed
Thank you