4) Osmosis is a vital biological process that involves the movement of water
molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute
concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
5) Plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane because it regulates
the movement of substances in and out of the cell, This means that the plasma
membrane allows the entry of only some substances and prevents the movement of
some other materials.
10) Nervous tissue is made up of neurons that receive and conduct impulses.
Neurons are highly specialised for being stimulated and then transmitting the
stimulus very rapidly from one place to another within the body. Impulses are the
passage of electrical activity along the axon of a nerve cell.
11) A thick waxy coating of cutin is present in desert plants to prevent excessive loss
of water during transpiration. Due to this, plants can survive in scarcity of water in
deserts.
12) The tissue shown in the figure is likely to be 'Parenchyma', which is a type of
plant tissue. Here are the answers to the questions:
i). Identify the type of tissue shown in the given figure. Write the labellings - A, B, C,
D.
A: Cell Wall
B: Chloroplasts
C: Vacuole
D: Cytoplasm
ii) Is the given type of tissue in the figure flexible or not? Give a reason for your
answer.
Yes, parenchyma tissue is flexible. This is because it has thin cell walls and a large
central vacuole, allowing it to adapt to various shapes and sizes, which contributes to
its flexibility.
iii.) What are the functions of the tissue shown in the given figure?
The functions of parenchyma tissue include:
Storage of nutrients and water.
Photosynthesis (in chlorenchyma, a type of parenchyma containing chloroplasts).
Healing and regeneration of tissues. Providing structural support in young stems and
leaves.
14)
21) The state of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) is determined by the balance
between the kinetic energy of its particles and the intermolecular forces between
them. At a given temperature and pressure, substances with strong intermolecular
forces tend to be solids, those with moderate intermolecular forces tend to be
liquids, and those with weak intermolecular forces tend to be gases.
22) The type of chemical reaction which takes place on mixing ammonia and
Hydrogen Chloride gas is COMBINATION REACTION. Explanation: the reaction of
these two compounds shall give you ammonium Chloride which is white in colour. so
we say that if we mix together two gases ammonia and hydrogen chloride is Mixture
23) As the given element is sonorous and highly ductile, therefore, it is categorised as
a metal. Some other a pected characteristics of are,
(i) It should possesses metallic lustre and can be polished.(ii) It should be ductile.
(iii) It should be ductile. (iv) It should be malleable. (v) It should has high tensile
strength.
(vi) It should has high densities and melting point/boiling point too. (Vii) It should be
hard (except sodium and potassium which are soft metals). (viii) It should be solid at
room temperature (except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature).
While the characteristics of non-metals are ,(i) Non-metals are neither malleable nor
ductile and do not conduct electricity. (ii) Metalloids show some properties of metals
and some other properties of non-metals.
24)
25)
27)1) Rigidity: It is defined as the tendency of matter to resist a change in shape.
2) Compressibility: It is defined as the ability to be reduced to a lower volume when
force is applied.
3) Fluidity: It is defined as the ability to flow.
4) By filling a gas container we mean the attainment of the shape of the container by
gas.
5) Shape: It defines a definite boundary.
6) Kinetic energy: It is defined as the energy possessed by a particle due to its
motion.
7) Density: It is characterized as mass per unit volume
35)
36) When we shake vigorously a branch of a tree, some of the leaves may get
detached on account of inertia of rest of the leaves. The branch comes in motion and
leaves try to be in the position of [Link], they get deatched.
37)
38) (i) There is an unequal change of distance in an equal interval of [Link], the
given object is having a non - uniform motion. Since the velocity of the object
increases with time, the acceleration is increasing.
(ii) The object is in accelerated condition. According to Newton's second law of
motion, the force acting on an object is directly proportional to the acceleration
produced in the object. So, we can say unbalanced forece is acting on the object.
40) 1 : The object with a mass of 50 kgs will have more inertia than the object with a
mass of 30 kgs.
2 : Inertia is the tendency of undisturbed objects to stay at rest or to keep moving
with the same velocity.
3 : When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, the carpet moves suddenly
but the dust particles tend to remain at rest due to inertia. This causes the
dust particles to come out of the carpet.