The P-Block Elements (Group 13-14)

Question1
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : The number of pairs among

[SiO , CO ], [SnO, SnO ], [PbO, PbO ] and [GeO, GeO ], which
2 2 2 2 2

contain oxides that are both amphoteric is 2 .

Statement II : BF is an electron deficient molecule, can act as a

3

Lewis acid, forms adduct with NH and has a trigonal planar

3

geometry.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 21st January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

C.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

D.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Answer: C
Solution:

⇒ SiO 2 , CO 2 , GeO, GeO 2 are acidic oxides.

⇒ SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 are amphoteric oxides; they can react with both acids and bases.

Counting the required pairs

1. [SiO 2
, CO 2 ] – both acidic

2. [SnO, SnO ] – both amphoteric

2

3. [PbO, PbO ] – both amphoteric

2

4. [GeO, GeO ] – both acidic

2

Only two pairs (2 and 3) contain oxides that are both amphoteric, so Statement I is correct.

⇒ BF 3 is electron-deficient (only six electrons around B) and therefore acts as a Lewis acid.

The boron atom in BF is sp hybridised, giving the molecule a trigonal planar geometry.
3
2

BF 3 accepts the lone pair from NH to form an adduct, confirming its Lewis-acid behaviour. Hence
3

Statement II is also correct.

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Question2
Consider the following reactions.

PbCl 2 + K 2 CrO 4 → A + 2KCl

(Hot solution)

A + NaOH ⇌ B + Na 2 CrO 4

PbSO 4 + 4CH 3 COONH 4 → (NH 4 ) SO 4 + X

2

In the above reactions, A, B and X are respectively.

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 21st January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Na 2 [ Pb(OH) 2 ], PbCrO 4 and [Pb(NH 3 ) 4 ]SO 4
B.
Na 2 [ Pb(OH) 2 ], PbCrO 4 and (NH 4)
2
[ Pb(CH 3 COO) ]
4

C.
PbCrO 4 , Na 2 [ Pb(OH) 4 ] and (NH 4 )2 [ Pb(CH 3 COO) 4 ]

D.
PbCrO 4 , Na 2 [ Pb(OH) 4 ] and [Pb(NH 3
) ]SO 4
4

Answer: C

Solution:

Reaction 1: Finding A
PbCl 2 + K 2 CrO 4 → A + 2KCl

This is a double displacement reaction (precipitation reaction).

Pb
2+
from PbCl combines with CrO
2
2−
4
from K 2 CrO 4

The product formed is lead chromate

A = PbCrO 4

(This is a yellow precipitate)

Reaction 2: Finding B
A + NaOH ⇌ B + Na 2 CrO 4

Substituting A:

PbCrO 4 + NaOH ⇌ B + Na 2 CrO 4

Lead chromate reacts with excess NaOH. Since lead is amphoteric, it forms a plumbate complex.

Balancing the equation:

PbCrO 4 + 4NaOH → Na 2 [Pb(OH) 4 ] + Na 2 CrO 4

Here, Pb is oxidised to Pb in the plumbate ion, or more accurately, lead forms the
2+ 4+

tetrahydroxoplumbate(II) complex which gets oxidised to tetrahydroxoplumbate(IV).

B = Na 2 [Pb(OH) 4 ]

Reaction 3: Finding X
PbSO 4 + 4CH 3 COONH 4 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + X

Here, ammonium acetate acts as a complexing agent.

 4 acetate ions (CH 3
COO
−
) coordinate with Pb 2+

This forms a tetraacetatoplumbate(II) complex

PbSO 4 + 4CH 3 COONH 4 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + (NH 4 ) 2 [Pb(CH 3 COO) 4 ]

X = (NH 4 ) 2 [Pb(CH 3 COO) 4 ]

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Question3
A 'p'-block element (E) and hydrogen form a binary cation (EH ) , x
+

while EH on treatment with K HgI in alkaline medium gives a

3 2 4

precipitate of basic mercury(II)amido-iodine. Given below are first

ionisation enthalpy values (kJmol ) for first element each from −1

group 13, 14, 15 and 16. Identify the correct first ionisation enthalpy
value for element E.

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
1402

B.
1086

C.
801

D.
1312

Answer: A

Solution:

Element E must be nitrogen (N).

The binary cation (EH ) formed with hydrogen should match a common stable cation. Nitrogen forms the
x
+

well-known cation NH (ammonium ion), so here E = N and x = 4.

+

Also, EH means NH (ammonia). In alkaline medium, NH reacts with K HgI to give a precipitate of
3 3 3 2 4

basic mercury(II)amido-iodine, which is the characteristic test for ammonia. This again confirms E = N.

Now we compare first ionisation enthalpy values for the first elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16: B (group
13), C (group 14), N (group 15), and O (group 16).

Across a period, first ionisation enthalpy generally increases due to increasing effective nuclear charge. Also,
N has a stable half-filled configuration 2p , so its first ionisation enthalpy is higher than O.
3

Therefore, among B, C, N, O, nitrogen has the highest first ionisation enthalpy. So the correct value
corresponds to N (approximately 1402 kJ mol ). −1

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Question4
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : The halogen that makes longest bond with hydrogen in

HX, has the smallest covalent radius in its group.

Statement II : A group 15 element's hydride EH has the lowest 3

boiling point among corresponding hydrides of other group 15

elements. The maximum covalency of that element E is 4 .

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

B.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

C.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
D.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

Answer: D

Solution:
HF < HCl < HBr < HI (bond length order)

Bond length in H X increases as we go down the halogen group because the size of the halogen atom
increases. So the longest H − X bond is in HI.

F < Cl < Br < I (radius order)

Covalent radius also increases down the group. So iodine has the largest covalent radius, not the smallest.
Hence, the halogen that forms the longest bond with hydrogen (iodine) does not have the smallest covalent
radius.

Therefore, Statement I is incorrect.

PH 3 < AsH 3 < NH 3 < SbH 3 < BiH 3 (Boiling point order)

From this order, the hydride with the lowest boiling point is PH . So in Statement II, the element E is
3

phosphorus.

Maximum possible covalency of phosphorous is 6

Phosphorus can show a maximum covalency of 6 (for example, in PCl it shows covalency 5, and in PF it
5
−

shows covalency 6). So the part “maximum covalency of E is 4” is false.

Therefore, Statement II is incorrect.

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Question5
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : Elements ' X ' and ' Y ' are the most and least
electronegative elements, respectively among N, As, Sb and P . The
nature of the oxides X O and Y O is acidic and amphoteric,
2 3 2 3

respectively.

Statement II : BCl is covalent in nature and gets hydrolysed in

3

water. It produces [B(OH) ] and [B(H O) ] in aqueous medium.

4
−
2 6
3+

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :
JEE Main 2026 (Online) 22nd January Evening Shift
Options:

A.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

B.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

C.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

D.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Answer: B

Solution:

X = N X2 O3 = N2 O3 ( Acidic )
Y = Sb Y 2 O 3 = Sb 2 O 3 ( Amphoteric )

Statement-I is true

BCl 3 + 3H 2 O → B(OH) 3 + 3HCl

Statement-II is false

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Question6
The correct statements from the following are :

A. Ionic radii of trivalent cations of group 13 elements decreases

down the group.
B. Electronegativity of group 13 elements decreases down the group.

C. Among the group 13 elements, Boron has highest first ionisation

enthalpy.

D. The trichloride and triiodide of group 13 elements are covalent in

nature.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 23rd January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
B and D Only

B.
C and D Only

C.
A and D Only

D.
A and C Only

Answer: B

Solution:

(A) B < Al < Ga < In < Tl : ionic size. This order means that the ionic radius increases as we
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3

go down the group (from B to Tl ). So the ionic radii do not decrease down the group. Therefore,
+3 +3

statement (A) is incorrect.

(B) B > Tl > In > Ga > Al : EN. This is the actual order of electronegativity in group 13. It does not
simply decrease from top to bottom; instead, there are irregular variations. So the statement that
electronegativity decreases down the group is not correct. Therefore, statement (B) is incorrect.

(C) B > Tl > Ga > Al > In : IE. From this order of first ionisation enthalpy, we can see that boron has the
highest first ionisation enthalpy among the group 13 elements. So statement (C) is correct.
(D) Trichlorides and triiodides of group 13 th elements are covalent in nature. The MCl and MI (where M
3 3

is a group 13 element) have high polarising power due to the small, highly charged M ion, so they form
3+

covalent bonds with halide ions. Hence, statement (D) is also correct.

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Question7
It is noticed that Pb is more stable than Pb but Sn
2+ 4+ 2+
is less
stable than Sn . Observe the following reactions.
4+

∘
PbO 2 + Pb → 2PbO; Δ r G (1)
∘
SnO 2 + Sn → 2SnO; Δ r G (2)

Identify the correct set from the following

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
∘ ∘
Δ r G (1) > 0; Δ r G (2) < 0

B.
∘ ∘
Δ r G (1) < 0; Δ r G (2) > 0

C.
∘ ∘
Δ r G (1) < 0; Δ r G (2) < 0

D.
∘ ∘
Δ r G (1) > 0; Δ r G (2) > 0

Answer: B

Solution:
PbO 2 + Pb → 2PbO

In this reaction, lead changes from +4 (in PbO ) and 0 (in Pb) to +2 (in PbO).
2

Since Pb 2+
is more stable than Pb , the reaction prefers to form Pb .
4+ 2+
So, this reaction is spontaneous, hence ΔG ∘
(1) is negative.

SnO 2 + Sn → 2SnO

In this reaction, tin changes from +4 (in SnO ) and 0 (in Sn) to +2 (in SnO).
2

But Sn 2+
is less stable than Sn , so forming Sn
4+ 2+
is not preferred.

Therefore, this reaction is non-spontaneous, hence ΔG ∘

(2) is positive.

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Question8
Choose the INCORRECT statement

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Carbon exhibits negative oxidation states along with +4 and +2 .

B.
Carbon cannot exceed its covalency more than four.

C.
Among the isotopes of carbon, 13
C is a radioactive isotope.

D.
CO 2 is the most acidic oxide among the dioxides of group of 14 elements.

Answer: C

Solution:
Incorrect statement: Option C
13
C is stable (non-radioactive).

The common radioactive isotope of carbon is 14

C (also 11
C is radioactive, but short-lived).

The other statements (A, B, D) are correct in standard chemical context.

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Question9
" X " is an oxoanion of the lightest element of group 7 (in the
periodic table). The metal is in +6 oxidation state in " X ". The color
of the potassium salt of X is

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
purple

B.
orange

C.
yellow

D.
green

Answer: D

Solution:
The lightest element in group 7 is manganese (Mn).

An oxoanion where Mn is in the +6 oxidation state is the manganate ion, MnO .

2−

Its potassium salt is potassium manganate, K MnO , which is green.

2 4

Correct option: D) green

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Question10
Regarding the hydrides of group 15 elements EH 3 (E = N, P, As, Sb)

, select the correct statement from the following :

A. The stability of hydrides decreases down the group.

B. The basicity of hydrides decreases down the group.

C. The reducing character increases down the group.

D. The boiling point increases down the group.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
A, B & C only

B.
A, B, C& D

C.
A & D only

D.
B & C only

Answer: A

Solution:
Hydrides of group 15: NH 3, PH 3 , AsH 3 , SbH 3

A. Stability decreases down the group — Correct

Down the group, the E − H bond strength decreases because atomic size increases, so overlap becomes
poorer. Hence hydrides become less stable:

NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3

B. Basicity decreases down the group — Correct

Basicity depends on the availability of the lone pair on E. Down the group, the lone pair becomes more
diffused and less available for donation, so basicity decreases:

NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3

C. Reducing character increases down the group — Correct

Reducing nature increases as the E − H bond becomes weaker down the group, so the hydride can donate
hydrogen (or get oxidised) more easily:

NH 3 < PH 3 < AsH 3 < SbH 3

D. Boiling point increases down the group — Not correct as a general statement
Boiling points generally increase down the group due to increasing molar mass, but NH is anomalous 3

because of hydrogen bonding, which raises its boiling point above what is expected.

So the trend is not strictly increasing from NH to SbH . 3 3

Correct option: Option A (A, B & C only)

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Question11
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : The increasing order of boiling point of hydrogen

halides is HCl < HBr < HI < HF.

Statement II : The increasing order of melting point of hydrogen

halides is HCl < HBr < HF < HI.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Answer: D

Solution:
Correct order of

(i) Boiling point: HF > HI > HBr > HCl

As we go from HCl to HI, the size and molar mass increase, so van der Waals forces increase and the boiling
point increases.

But HF has strong hydrogen bonding because fluorine is highly electronegative, so its boiling point becomes
the highest.

(ii) Melting point : HI > HF > HBr > HCl

In general, from HCl to HI, increasing size and mass increase intermolecular forces, so melting point
increases.

However, HF shows hydrogen bonding, so its melting point is higher than HCl and HBr.

Overall, HI has the highest melting point among hydrogen halides due to stronger dispersion forces in the
solid state.

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Question12

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
+2 and +1

B.
+1 and +1

C.
+1 and +2

D.
+2 and +2

Answer: A

Solution:

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Question13
Given below are two statements :

Statement I: The second ionization enthalpy of B, Al and Ga is in the

order of B > Al > Ga.
Statement II: The correct order in terms of first ionization enthalpy
is Si < Ge < Pb < Sn.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: B

Solution:
For boron family elements, the order of second ionization enthalpy is:
B > Ga > Al
(2427KJ/mol) (1979KJ/mol) (1816KJ/mol)

So, the given order B > Al > Ga is incorrect.

For carbon family elements, the order of first ionization enthalpy is:

Si > Ge > Pb > Sn

(786KJ/mol) (761KJ/mol) (715KJ/mol) (708KJ/mol)

So, the given order Si < Ge < Pb < Sn is also incorrect.

Hence, both Statement I and Statement II are false.

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Question14
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : The covalency of oxygen is generally two but it can

exceed upto four. The oxidation state of oxygen in SO is -2 and in 2

OF it is +2 .
2

Statement II : The anomalous behaviour of oxygen when compared

to the other elements of group 16 is due to its small size and high
electronegativity.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: A

Solution:
Analysis of Statement I:

1. Covalency of Oxygen: The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s 2s 2p . In its outermost shell (

2 2 4

n = 2), it possesses exactly four orbitals available for bonding: one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals.
 Because oxygen is a Period 2 element, it completely lacks empty d-orbitals. Consequently, its
maximum covalency is restricted to a maximum of 4. While oxygen generally shows a normal
covalency of 2 (as seen in H O), it can exceed this completely up to 4 in certain scenarios (co-
2

ordinating to maximum four atoms as seen theoretically, and a covalency of 3 is commonly observed in
the hydronium ion, H O ). So, the first part of the statement is correct.
3
+

2. Oxidation States:

In SO , oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur. Here, sulphur has an oxidation state of +4,
2

and each oxygen atom securely takes an oxidation state of -2.

In OF , fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. Because fluorine is
2

more electronegative than oxygen, each fluorine atom takes an oxidation state of -1. To maintain
neutrality in the OF molecule, the oxidation state of oxygen must be +2.
2

Therefore, the second part of the statement is perfectly correct as well.

Conclusion: Statement I is true.

Analysis of Statement II:

In the p-block elements, the first member of every group always differs significantly from the heavier
members of the same group. According to the NCERT, the anomalous behavior of oxygen compared to the
rest of the group 16 elements (like Sulphur, Selenium, etc.) is prominently due to:

1. Its exceptionally small atomic size.

2. Its high electronegativity.

3. The non-availability of d-orbitals in its valence shell.

Because of its small size and high electronegativity, it readily forms strong pπ − pπ double bonds and
extensive hydrogen bonds, uniquely distinguishing it from other group elements. The statement accurately
lists the main reasons, so it is correct.

Conclusion: Statement II is true.

Final Conclusion:

Since both the provided statements are factually correct based on standard chemical principles, we determine
the correct option.

Correct Answer:

Option A

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

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Question15
A monoatomic anion (A ) has 45 neutrons and 36 electrons. Atomic
mass, group in the periodic table and physical state at room
temperature of the element (A) respectively are
JEE Main 2026 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift
Options:

A.
80, 17, liquid

B.
81, 16, solid

C.
80,16, gas

D.
81, 15, gas

Answer: A

Solution:
For a monoatomic anion A : −

Number of electrons in A −
= 36

Since it is an anion with charge −1, the neutral atom A must have one electron less.

So, number of electrons in neutral atom A:

36 − 1 = 35

Hence, atomic number of A is 35.

This element is bromine.

Now, number of neutrons = 45

So, mass number:

Mass number = protons + neutrons = 35 + 45 = 80

Thus, atomic mass number is:

80

Now let us find the group.

Bromine (Z = 35) belongs to group 17 in the periodic table.

Also, bromine is a liquid at room temperature.

So, the correct answer is:

Option A: 80, 17, liquid

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Question16
The electronegativity of a group 13 element ' E ' is same as that of
Ge (on Pauling scale and upto one decimal point). The CORRECT
statements about E are 3+

A. It can act as a reducing agent.

B. It can act as an oxidizing agent.

C. E 3+
is more stable than E . +

D. The standard electrode potential value for E 3+

/E is positive.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
A and C Only

B.
B and C Only

C.
B and D Only

D.
A and D Only
Answer: C

Solution:

For the group 13 element E, we are told that its electronegativity is same as that of Ge.

In group 13, the element whose electronegativity is nearly equal to Ge is thallium, Tl.

So, here
E = Tl

and therefore
3+ 3+
E = Tl

Now let us examine the statements one by one.

Important concept: Inert pair effect

In group 13, due to inert pair effect, the outer ns electrons are less available for bonding in heavier
2

elements.

So for Tl:

+1 oxidation state is more stable

+3 oxidation state is less stable

Thus, Tl 3+
tends to gain electrons and get reduced to Tl . +

Statement A: It can act as a reducing agent.

A reducing agent causes reduction of another species and itself gets oxidized.

But Tl 3+
is already in a high oxidation state and tends to get reduced, not oxidized further.

So, Tl 3+
does not act as a reducing agent.

Therefore, A is false.

Statement B: It can act as an oxidizing agent.

Since Tl 3+
is less stable and readily gets reduced to Tl , it can oxidize other substances.
+

Hence, Tl 3+
acts as an oxidizing agent.

Therefore, B is true.

Statement C: E 3+
is more stable than E . +

For Tl, because of inert pair effect:

Tl
+
is more stable than Tl 3+

So this statement is false.

Therefore, C is false.

Statement D: The standard electrode potential value for E 3+

/E is positive.

For thallium, the standard reduction potential for

3+ −
Tl + 3e → Tl

is positive.

This is because Tl 3+
is readily reduced.

So, D is true.

Thus, the correct statements are:

B and D only

So the correct option is:

Option C

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Question17
Correct statements from the following are:

A. Nitrogen in oxidation states from +1 to +4 disproportionates in

acid medium.

B. Nitrogen has the ability to form dπ - pπ multiple bonds with itself

and other elements with small size and high electronegativity.

C. N-N single bond is stronger than P-P single bond.

D. Nitrogen has highest density in its group due to small size.

E. The maximum covalency of nitrogen is four since it has only four

valence orbitals for bonding.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 5th April Morning Shift

Options:

A.
B, C and D Only

B.
C, D and E Only

C.
A, C and E Only

D.
A and E Only

Answer: D

Solution:
Statement A: Nitrogen in oxidation states from +1 to +4 disproportionates in acid medium.

This statement is correct. All oxidation states of nitrogen from +1 to +4 tend to undergo disproportionation
reactions in an acidic solution. For example, nitrous acid, in which nitrogen is in the +3 oxidation state,
disproportionates into nitric acid (+5) and nitric oxide (+2):
3HNO 2 → HNO 3 + H 2 O + 2NO

Statement B: Nitrogen has the ability to form dπ - pπ multiple bonds with itself and other elements
with small size and high electronegativity.

This statement is incorrect. The valence shell electronic configuration of nitrogen is 2s 2p . Since nitrogen
2 3

belongs to the second period, it does not possess any empty d-orbitals in its valence shell. Due to the absence
of d-orbitals, nitrogen can readily form pπ - pπ multiple bonds, but it is physically impossible for it to form
dπ - pπ bonds.

Statement C: N-N single bond is stronger than P-P single bond.

This statement is incorrect. The single N-N bond is actually weaker than the single P-P bond. Nitrogen atoms
are very small, which results in a short N-N bond length. This brings the non-bonding electron pairs (lone
pairs) on the two bonded nitrogen atoms very close to each other, leading to high interelectronic repulsion
that weakens the chemical bond.

Statement D: Nitrogen has highest density in its group due to small size.

This statement is incorrect. As we move down Group 15 from nitrogen to bismuth, the atomic mass increases
at a greater rate than the atomic volume. As a result, density smoothly increases down the group. Nitrogen is
a diatomic gas at room temperature and has the lowest density in the group, whereas bismuth is a solid and
possesses the highest density.

Statement E: The maximum covalency of nitrogen is four since it has only four valence orbitals for
bonding.
This statement is correct. The valence shell of nitrogen consists of only four orbitals available for bonding:
one s orbital (2s) and three p orbitals (2p , 2p , 2p ). Without any d-orbitals available to expand its octet,
x y z

nitrogen is strictly restricted to a maximum covalency of four.

Through our step-by-step analysis, we have found that only statements A and E are correct.

Correct Answer:

Option D (A and E Only)

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Question18
Given below are two statements :

Statement I: Aluminium upon reaction with NaOH forms

[Al(OH) ] ion.
6
3−

Statement II : The geometry of ICl , ClO and IBr is square −

4
−
3
−
2

planar, pyramidal and linear respectively.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 5th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Answer: D

Solution:
Statement I:

The complex formed is a compound with coordination number 4 not 6 .

Statement II:

Steric, N o. = 4bp + 2lp

= 6

Stervic No. = 3bp + 1lp

= 4

Steric No. = 2bp + 3lp

= 5

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Question19
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Aluminium is more electropositive than thallium as the
standard electrode potential value of E Al /Al is negative and∘ 3+

/Tl is positive.
∘ 3+
E Tl

Statement II : The sum of first three ionization enthalpies of boron is

very high when compared to that of aluminium. Due to this reason
boron forms covalent compounds only and aluminium forms Al 3+

ion.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: A

Solution:
Statement I says:

“Aluminium is more electropositive than thallium as the standard electrode potential value of E Al
∘
3+
Al
/
is
negative and E Tl ∘
3+
Tl
/
is positive.”

According to standard reduction potentials:

E
∘

Al 3+
Al
/
= −1.66 V
E
∘

Tl 3+
Tl
/
= +1.25 V

A more negative standard reduction potential indicates a greater tendency to lose electrons, meaning the
element is more electropositive.

Therefore, aluminium (with a more negative value) is indeed more electropositive than thallium (with a
positive value).

So, Statement I is true.

Statement II says:

“The sum of the first three ionization enthalpies of boron is very high when compared to that of aluminium.
Due to this reason boron forms covalent compounds only and aluminium forms Al ion.”
3+

This is correct according to periodic trends:

Boron, being a small atom with high effective nuclear charge, requires very high energy to remove
three electrons. Hence, it cannot easily form B ions, and thus forms covalent compounds.
3+

Aluminium, being larger in size, has lower ionization enthalpies, and can readily form Al 3+
ions in its
compounds.

Therefore, Statement II is also true.

Both the statements are correct.

Option A: Both Statement I and Statement II are true

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question20
Treatment of a gas ' X ' with a freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution gives a compound ' Y ' as a brown ring. The compounds X
and Y are.

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
NO and [Fe(NO)]SO 4

B.
NO 2 and [Fe (NO 2 )]SO 4
C.
N2 O and [Fe (N 2 O)]SO 4

D.
N2 O4 and [Fe (N 2 O 4 )]SO 4

Answer: A

Solution:
The reaction described is the well-known brown ring test, which is a confirmatory test for nitrate ions (
N O ). Let's understand the chemistry behind it.
−

1. Understanding the Reactants:

The test uses a freshly prepared solution of ferrous sulphate (F eSO ). It needs to be fresh
4

because the ferrous ion (F e ) can be easily oxidized to ferric ion (F e ) by the oxygen in the
2+ 3+

air.

The question mentions a gas 'X' is treated with this solution. In a standard brown ring test, this
gas is produced in situ (within the reaction mixture). Let's see how.

2. Formation of Gas 'X':

The test is for nitrate ions (N O ). In an acidic medium (usually provided by adding concentrated
−

H SO ), the nitrate ion oxidizes the ferrous ion (F e ) to ferric ion (F e ), and in the process, the
2+ 3+
2 4

nitrate ion itself gets reduced to nitric oxide (N O).

The balanced ionic equation is:

− 2+ + 3+
NO + 3F e + 4H ⟶ N O + 3F e + 2H 2 O
3

So, the gas 'X' that is formed is nitric oxide, N O.

3. Formation of the Brown Ring (Compound 'Y'):

The nitric oxide (N O) gas produced then reacts with the excess ferrous ions (F e ) present in the
2+

solution to form a coordination complex. This complex has a characteristic brown colour.

The reaction is:

2+ 2+
[F e(H 2 O) 6 ] + N O ⟶ [F e(H 2 O) 5 (N O)] + H2 O

This brown-coloured complex is pentaaquanitrosyliron(II) ion. The complete compound 'Y' is

pentaaquanitrosyliron(II) sulphate, with the formula [F e(H O) (N O)]SO .2 5 4

For simplicity in the options, the water ligands are often omitted, and the compound is written as
[F e(N O)]SO . 4

Conclusion:

The gas 'X' is nitric oxide, N O.

The brown compound 'Y' is the complex [F e(N O)]SO . 4

Looking at the options, we can see that Option A matches our findings.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
Find the correct statements related to group 15 hydrides.

A. Reducing nature increases from NH to BiH 3 3

B. Tendency to donate lone pair of electrons decreases from NH to 3

BiH 3

C. The stability of hydrides decreases from NH to BiH 3 3

D. HEH bond angle decreases from NH to SbH 3 3 (E = Elements of

group 15)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2026 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
A and B only

B.
B and C only

C.
A, B, C and D

D.
A, C and D Only

Answer: C
Solution:
For group 15 hydrides, the hydrides are:

NH 3 , PH 3 , AsH 3 , SbH 3 , BiH 3

Now let us check each statement one by one.

A. Reducing nature increases from NH to BiH 3 3

Down the group, the E − H bond strength decreases because the size of the central atom increases.

So, the hydrides can release hydrogen more easily and hence their reducing character increases down the
group.

Thus,
NH 3 < PH 3 < AsH 3 < SbH 3 < BiH 3

in reducing nature.

So, A is correct.

B. Tendency to donate lone pair of electrons decreases from NH to BiH 3 3

All group 15 hydrides have one lone pair on the central atom.

But down the group, the atomic size increases and the lone pair becomes more diffuse and less available for
donation.

Hence, basic character decreases down the group:

NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3

So, the tendency to donate lone pair decreases from NH to BiH .

3 3

Therefore, B is correct.

C. The stability of hydrides decreases from NH to BiH 3 3

As we move down the group, the size of the central atom increases and the overlap between E and H orbitals
becomes poorer.

Therefore, the E − H bond becomes weaker and thermal stability decreases.

So,

NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3

in stability.

Hence, C is correct.

D. H − E − H bond angle decreases from NH to SbH 3 3

The bond angles are approximately:

∘
NH 3 ≈ 107.5
 ∘
PH 3 ≈ 93.5

∘
AsH 3 ≈ 92

∘
SbH 3 ≈ 91

So, the bond angle indeed decreases from NH to SbH . 3 3

Therefore, D is correct.

Since all four statements are correct, the correct option is:

Option C: A, B, C and D

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question22
A group 15 element forms dπ − dπ bond with transition metals. It
also forms hydride, which is a strongest base among the hydrides of
other group members that form dπ − dπ bond.

The atomic number of the element is _______ .

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Answer: 15

Solution:
Phosphorus, an element from group 15 of the periodic table, can form a dπ − dπ bond with transition metals.
Among the hydrides of group 15, phosphine (PH ) is considered the strongest base, except for ammonia (
3

NH ).
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question23
The maximum covalency of a non-metallic group 15 element ' E '
with weakest E − E bond is :
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Evening Shift
Options:

A. 5

B. 3

C. 4

D. 6

Answer: C

Solution:
Among the group 15 elements (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), the lightest two (N and P) are commonly considered
nonmetals. Of these, nitrogen (N) is known to have the weakest single bond to itself (N–N).

The N–N single‐bond enthalpy (≈ 160\,kJ/mol) is lower (weaker) than the P–P single‐bond enthalpy (≈ 200
\,kJ/mol).

Therefore, the “nonmetallic group 15 element with the weakest E–E bond” is nitrogen.

Maximum Covalency of Nitrogen

Although nitrogen typically forms three covalent bonds in neutral compounds (e.g., NH ), it can expand to
3

four bonds in certain cationic species such as ammonium NH or NF . In such species, nitrogen has a
4
+
4
+

formal positive charge but is still forming four covalent bonds.

Hence, the maximum covalency of nitrogen is 4.

Answer: 4 (Option C).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question24
The incorrect statement among the following is

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. PH shows lower proton affinity than NH .

3 3
B. SO can act as an oxidizing agent, but not as a reducing agent.
2

C. NO can dimerise easily.

2

D. PF exists but NF does not.

3 5

Answer: B

Solution:
PH 3 shows lower proton affinity than NH 3.

Ammonia (NH₃) has a more available lone pair on nitrogen than PH₃ on phosphorus due to smaller size and
higher electronegativity. Thus, NH₃ is a stronger base and has a higher proton affinity than PH₃.

This statement is correct.

SO 2 can act as an oxidizing agent, but not as a reducing agent.

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is quite versatile in redox chemistry. In many reactions, it actually behaves as a reducing
agent by being oxidized (e.g., to sulfate, where sulfur goes from +4 to +6 oxidation state). While under some
conditions it may act as an oxidizing agent, it is well known and widely used for its reducing properties.

Hence, the claim that it “cannot act as a reducing agent” is incorrect.

NO 2 can dimerise easily.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is known to dimerise to form dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄), especially at lower
temperatures.

This statement is correct.

PF 3 exists but NF does not.

5

Phosphorus trifluoride (PF₃) is a known stable compound. In contrast, a compound like nitrogen
pentafluoride (NF₅) is not observed, largely due to the limitations of nitrogen’s size and bonding capabilities
in forming such a structure.

This statement is correct.

Based on the analysis, the incorrect statement is:

Option B.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
The large difference between the melting and boiling points of
oxygen and sulphur may be explained on the basis of
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift
Options:

A. Atomicity

B. Electron gain enthalpy

C. Atomic size

D. Electronegativity

Answer: A

Solution:
The significant difference in the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulfur can be explained by
considering atomicity.

Oxygen exists as O (Atomicity = 2).

2

Sulfur exists as S (Atomicity = 8).

8

Due to sulfur's higher atomicity (forming S8 molecules), its melting and boiling points are considerably
higher than those of oxygen.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
The nature of oxide (TeO 2) and hydride (TeH 2) formed by Te ,
respectively are :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. Reducing and basic

B. Reducing and acidic

C. Oxidising and acidic

D. Oxidising and basic

Answer: C

Solution:
Tellurium dioxide (TeO ) acts as an oxidizing agent. This is because it can accept electrons and be reduced
2

from its +4 oxidation state to a lower oxidation state.

Tellurium hydride (TeH ) is considered acidic. This is due to its relatively low bond dissociation energy,
2

which makes it prone to breaking, releasing protons (H ). +

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question27
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : The N - N single bond is weaker and longer than that

of P - P single bond.

Statement II : Compounds of group 15 elements in +3 oxidation

states readily undergo disproportionation reactions.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

C. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

D. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Answer: C

Solution:

single bond weaker than

due to more ℓp − ℓp repulsion.

Bond length ⇒ d p−p

> d N−N (size ↑ , B.L. ↑)

In group 15 elements only N \& P show disproportionation in +3 oxidation state, As, Sb& Bi have almost
inert for disproportionation in +3 oxidation state.

So both statements are false.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
Given below are the pairs of group 13 elements showing their
relation in terms of atomic radius. (B < Al), (Al < Ga), (Ga < In)
and (In < Tl)Identify the elements present in the incorrect pair and
in that pair find out the element (X) that has higher ionic radius
) than the other one. The atomic number of the element (X) is
3+
(M

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Options:

A. 49

B. 81

C. 31

D. 13

Answer: C

Solution:

Size order

Al > Ga
3+ 3+
Al < Ga

Atomic number of Ga is 31

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Nitrogen forms oxides with +1 to +5 oxidation states

due to the formation of pπ − pπ bond with oxygen.

Statement II: Nitrogen does not form halides with +5 oxidation state
due to the absence of d-orbital in it.

In the light of given statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Options:
A. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

C. Statement I is false but Statement II are true

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are False

Answer: A

Solution:
In oxide of nitrogen it can achieve +5 oxidation state because it can form pπ − pπ bond with oxygen e.g.
N2 O5

Nitrogen cannot form halide in +5 oxidation state because it does not contain d-orbital.

e.g. NX 5 does not exist

X = halide

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question30
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : The first ionisation enthalpy of group 14 elements is

higher than the corresponding elements of group 13.

Statement (II) : Melting points and boiling points of group 13

elements are in general much higher than those of corresponding
elements of group 14.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate

answer from the options given below :
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift
Options:

A. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

C. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Answer: A

Solution:
Statement 1 is correct since left to right 1 E increases in general in periodic table.

Statement 2 is incorrect since M.P. of group 14 elements is more than group 13 elements.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
The correct statements from the following are :

(A) Tl3+ is a powerful oxidising agent

(B) Al3+ does not get reduced easily

(C) Both Al3+ and Tl3+ are very stable in solution

(D) Tl1+ is more stable than Tl3+

(E) Al3+ and Tl1+ are highly stable

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Evening Shift
Options:

A.
(A), (B), (D) and (E) only

B.
(A), (C) and (D) only

C.
(A), (B), (C) and (E)

D.
(B), (D) and (E) only

Answer: A

Solution:

(i) True: Tl1+ is more stable than Tl3+ due to the inert pair effect. Therefore, Tl3+ acts as a powerful oxidizing
agent.

(ii) True: The standard reduction potential for Al3+/Al is -1.66 V, indicating that Al3+ is difficult to reduce and
thus highly stable.

(iii) False: Tl3+ is not stable in solution.

(iv) True: Tl1+ is more stable than Tl3+.

(v) True: Both Al3+ and Tl1+ are highly stable in their respective oxidation states.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and
the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Melting point of Boron (2453 K) is unusually high in

group 13 elements.
Reason (R) : Solid Boron has very strong crystalline lattice.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below ;

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) Is not the correct explanation of (A)

B.
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

C.
(A) is true but (R) is false

D.
(A) is false but (R) is true

Answer: B

Solution:
Solid Boron has very strong crystalline lattice so its melting point unusually high in group 13 elements

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
Identify the incorrect pair from the following :

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
Fluorspar- BF3

B.
Cryolite- Na3AlF6

C.
Fluoroapatite- 3Ca3(PO4)2⋅CaF2

D.
Carnallite- KCl ⋅ MgCl2⋅ 6H2O

Answer: A

Solution:
Fluorspar is CaF2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question34
Consider the oxides of group 14 elements SiO2, GeO2, SnO2, PbO2,
CO and GeO. The amphoteric oxides are

[31-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
GeO, GeO2

B.
SiO2, GeO2

C.
SnO2, PbO2

D.
SnO2, CO

Answer: C
Solution:

SnO2 and PbO2 are amphoteric

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
Given below are two statements :

Statement I: Group 13 trivalent halides get easily hydrolyzed by

water due to their covalent nature.
Statement II: AlCl3 upon hydrolysis in acidified aqueous solution
forms octahedral [Al(H2O)6]3+ ion.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :

[31-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.
Statement I is true but statement II is false

B.
Statement I is false but statement II is true

C.
Both statement I and statement II are false

D.
Both statement I and statement II are true

Answer: D

Solution:
In trivalent state most of the compounds being covalent are hydrolysed in water. Trichlorides on hydrolysis in
water form tetrahedral [M(OH)4]− species, the hybridisation state of element M is sp3.

In case of aluminium, acidified aqueous solution forms octahedral [Al(H2O)6]3+ ion.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
List - I Compound List - II Use
(A) Carbon tetrachloride (I) Paint remover
(B) Methylene chloride conditioners (II) Refrigerators and air
(C) DDT (III) Fire extinguisher
(D) Freons insecticide (IV) Non Biodegradable

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[1-Feb-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.
(A)-(I), (B), (II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

B.
(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

C.
(A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

D.
(A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)

Answer: B

Solution:

CCl4 used in fire extinguisher. CH2Cl2 used as paint remover. Freons used in refrigerator and AC. DDT used
as non Biodegradable insecticide.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question37
Given below are two statements:

Statement (I) : SiO2 and GeO2 are acidic while SnO and PbO are
amphoteric in nature.
Statement (II) : Allotropic forms of carbon are due to property of
catenation and pπ − dπ bond formation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate

answer from the options given below:

[1-Feb-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: C

Solution:
SiO2 and GeO2 are acidic and SnO, PbO are amphoteric.

Carbon does not have d-orbitals so can not form pπ−dπ Bond with itself. Due to properties of catenation
and pπ − pπ bond formation. carbon is able to show allotropic forms.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question38
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A : Beryllium has less
negative value of reduction potential compared to the other alkaline
earth metals.
Reason R : Beryllium has large hydration energy due to small size of
Be2+ but relatively large value of atomization enthalpy.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below.
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. A is correct but R is not correct

B. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

C. A is not correct but R is correct

D. Both A and R are correct and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Answer: B

Solution:

Be has less negative value compared to other AEM. However it's reducing nature is due to large
hydration energy associated with the small size of Be2+ ion and relatively large value of the
atomization enthalpy of metal.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A :- Carbon forms two important oxides −CO and
CO2 . CO is neutral whereas CO2 is acidic in nature.
Reason R :- CO2 can combine with water in a limited way to form
carbonic acid, while CO is sparingly soluble in water.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below :-
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

C. A is not correct but R is correct.

D. A is correct but R is not correct.

Answer: B

Solution:

The oxide which form acid on dissolving in water is acidic oxide.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question40
Given below are two statements:
Statement I : The decrease in first ionization enthalpy from B to Al
is much larger than that from Al to Ga.
Statement II : The d orbitals in Ga are completely filled.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.

B. Both the statements I and II are correct

C. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

D. Both the statements I and II are incorrect

Answer: A
Solution:

The first ionization energies (as in NCERT) are as follows:

B : 801 kJ ∕ mol
Al : 577 kJ ∕ mol
Ga : 579 kJ ∕ mol
Ga : [Ar]3d104 s24p1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
Lithium aluminium hydride can be prepared from the reaction of
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. LiCl and Al2H6

B. LiH and Al2Cl6

C. LiCl, Al and H2

D. LiH and Al(OH)3

Answer: B

Solution:

8 LiH + Al2Cl6 → 2LiAlH4 + 6 LiCl

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
Boric acid in solid, whereas BF3 is gas at room temperature because
of
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Strong ionic bond in Boric acid

B. Strong van der Waal's interaction in Boric acid

C. Strong hydrogen bond in Boric acid

D. Strong covalent bond in BF3

Answer: C

Solution:

Boric acid has strong hydrogen bonding while BF3 does not. Therefore boric acid is solid.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
The Lewis acid character of boron tri halides follows the order:
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. BBr3 > BI3 > BCI3 > BF3

B. BCl3 > BF3 > BBr3 > BI3

C. BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3 > BI3

D. BI3 > BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3

Answer: D

Solution:

Extent of back bonding, reduces down the group leading to more Lewis acidic strength
BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3 > BI3 (extent of back bonding)
(2p − 2p)(2p − 3p)(2p − 4p)(2p − 5p)
BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3 < BI3 (lewis acidic nature )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
What is the correct order of acidity of the protons marked A-D in
the given compounds ?

[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. HC > HD > HB > HA

B. HC > HD > HA > HB

C. H D>HC > HB > HA

D. HC > HA > HD > HB

Answer: B

Solution:

acidity of an acid depends upon the stability of its conjugate base

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
The correct order of bond enthalpy (kJ mol−1) is :
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Si −Si > C − C> Sn −Sn > Ge − Ge

B. Si − Si > C − C > Ge − Ge > Sn − Sn

C. C − C > Si −Si> Sn −Sn > Ge − Ge

D. C − C > Si − Si > Ge − Ge > Sn − Sn

Answer: D

Solution:

(Bond enthalpy order

C − C > Si − Si > Ge − Ge > Sn − Sn )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
Structure of BeCl2 in solid state, vapour phase and at very high
temperature respectively are :-
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Dimeric, Polymeric, Monomeric

B. Polymeric, Dimeric, Monomeric

C. Monomeric, Dimeric, Polymeric

D. Polymeric, Monomeric, Dimeric

Answer: B
Solution:

In solid state BeCl2 as polymer, in vapour state it form chloro-bridged dimer while above 1200K it is
monomer.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Boron is extremely hard indicating its high lattice
energy
Statement II : Boron has highest melting and boiling point
compared to its other group members.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

B. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

D. Both statement I and Statement II are correct

Answer: D

Solution:

Boron has high melting point because small atomic size and very strong crystalline lattice and at
form strong covalent bond with neighbonzing. Atoms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
Better method for preparation of BeF2, among the following is
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:
∆
A. BeH2 + F2 →BeF
2

∆
B. Be + F2→BeF2

∆
C. (NH4)2BeF4→BeF2

∆
D. BeO + C + F2→BeF2

Answer: C

Solution:

As per NCERT (s block), the better method of preparation of BeF2 is heating (NH4)2BeF4
∆
(NH4)2BeF4→BeF2 + NH4F

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
If the formula of Borax is Na2B4Ox(OH)y. zH2O, then x + y + z =
_______.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 17

Solution:

Formula of borax is Na2B4O5(OH)4 ⋅ 8H2O

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
For a good quality cement, the ratio of silica to alumina is found to
be
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4.5

D. 1.5

Answer: B

Solution:

The ratio should be between 2.5 to 4 : 1

so ans →3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
The most stable trihalide of nitrogen is:
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. N F 3

B. N Cl 3

C. N Br3

D. N I 3

Answer: A

Solution:
The stability of trihalides decreases down the group due to weakening of N − X bond and inability of
N to accommodate large sized halogen atoms (Cl, Br, l) around it.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
Number of electron deficient molecules among the following
PH3, B2H6, CCl4, NH3, LiH and BCl3 is
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

Answer: C

Solution:

Electron deficient species have less than 8 electrons (or two electrons for H ) in their valence
(incomplete octet).
B2H6, BCl3 have incomplete octet.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
The number of bridged oxygen atoms present in compound B
formed from the following reactions is
673K
Pb(NO3)2 ────────▶ A + PbO + O2
Dimerise
A────────▶B
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 0
B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

Answer: A

Solution:

673K
2 Pb(NO3)2 ⟶ 4 AO2 + 2 PbO + O2
Hence no bridged oxygen atom is present in N2O4

Hence no bridged oxygen atom is present in N2O4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
Choose the correct stability order of group 13 elements in their +1
oxidation state.
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Al < Ga < ln < Tl

B. TI < In < Ga < Al

C. Al < Ga < Tl < ln

D. Al < Tl < Ga < In

Answer: A

Solution:
Due to inert pair effect, stability of +3 oxidation state decreases and that of +1 oxidation state
increases for (down the group) group 13 elements.
So, the correct order of stability of group 13 elements in their +1 oxidation state is Al < Ga < In < TI.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[29-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

B. (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

C. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

D. (A) − (I), (B) − (IV), (C) − (II), (D) − (III)

Answer: A

Solution:

Caesium is used in devising photoelectric cells.

Boron fibres are used in making bullet-proof vest.
Silicones being surrounded by non-polar alkyl groups are water repelling in nature.
Gallium is less toxic and has a very high boiling point, so it is used in high temperature
thermometers.

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Question56
Aqueous solution of which of the following boron compounds will be
strongly basic in nature?
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. NaBH4

B. LiBH4

C. B2H6

D. Na2B4O7

Answer: D

Solution:

Na2B4O7 + 7H2O ⟶ 2H3BO3 + 2 Na[B(OH)4]

Aqueous solution of borax is buffer whose pH ≃ 9
Other compounds are less basic than this.

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Question57
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. (A) − (I I ), (B) − (I V ), (C) − (I ), (D) − (I I )

B. (A) − (I I ), (B) − (I ), (C) − (I V ), (D) − (I I )

C. (A) − (I I ), (B) − (I V ), (C) − (I ), (D) − (I )

D. (A) − (I I ), (B) − (I ), (C) − (I V ), (D) − (I )

Answer: C

Solution:

Here, we have to match the reactions with their correct catalyst :

FexOy + K2O + Al2O3
(A) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
Ni
(B) CO(g) + 3H2(g)⟶CH4(g) + H2O(g)
Cu
(C) CO(g) + H2(g)⟶ HCHO(g)
−Zr O
Cu ∕ ZnO 2 3

(D) CO(g) + 2H2$(g) ⟶ CH3 − OH(g)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
The geometry around boron in the product ' B ' formed from the
following reaction is
 450K
BF 3 + N aH → A + N aF
A + N M e3 → B
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. trigonal planar

B. tetrahedral

C. pyramidal

D. square planar

Answer: B

Solution:

450K
BF3 + NaH ⟶ B2H6 + NaF
(diborane)
B2H6 + NMe3 ⟶ 2[BH3 ← NMe3]
symmetrical cleavage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
Borazine, also known as inorganic benzene, can be prepared by the
reaction of 3-equivalents of "X" with 6-equivalents of "Y". "X" and
"Y", respectively are :
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
A. B(OH)3 and NH3

B. B2H6 and NH3

C. B2H6 and HN3

D. NH3 and B2O3

Answer: B

Solution:

3B2H6 + 6NH3 → 2B
(Borazine) 3N3H6

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Question60
The metal that has very low melting point and its periodic position is
closer to a metalloid is
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Al

B. Ga

C. Se

D. In

Answer: B

Solution:

Al → 933K
Ga → 303K
In → 430K
Se → 490K
Among the given elements, Gallium has the lowest melting point, Gallium is also close to a
metalloid

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question61
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion : Boric acid is a weak acid.
Reason R : Boric acid is not able to release H+ion on its own. It
receives OH−ion from water and releases H+ion.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below.
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C. A is correct but R is not correct.

D. A is not correct but R is correct.

Answer: A

Solution:

Boric acid is a weak acid

⊖ ⊕
H3BO3 + H2O ⇌ [B(OH)4] + H
Boric acid is not able to release H+ion on its own. It receives OH−ion from water and releases H+ion
as shown in the above reaction.
Hence, Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
Given below are two statements.
Statement I: The chlorides of Be and Al have Cl-bridged structure.
Both are soluble in organic solvents and act as Lewis bases.
Statement II: Hydroxides of Be and Al dissolve in excess alkali to
give beryllate and aluminate ions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below.
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false.

C. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.

D. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

Answer: D

Solution:

Be2Cl4 is lewis acid and Al2Cl6 has complete octet.

Be and Al are amphoteric metals therefore dissolve in acid as well as alkaline solution and form
beryllate and aluminate ions in excess alkali.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and
the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : Boron is unable to form BF63−.
Reason (R) : Size of B is very small.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C. (A) is true but (R) is false

D. (A) is false but (R) is true

Answer: B
Solution:

The outer most shell of Boron is 2 and its maximum covalency is 4 .

Therefore, boron cannot form BF63−.
Hence Assertion is correct
Boron is the first element of group-13 of modern periodic table. It is very small in size.
But it does not provide correct explanation of Assertion

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Question64
When borax is heated with CoO on a platinum loop, blue coloured
bead formed is largely due to
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. B2O3

B. CO(BO2)2

C. CoB4O7

D. Co[B4O5(OH)4]

Answer: B

Solution:

∆
Na2B4O7 ⟶2NaBO2 + B2O3
B2O3 + CoO → Co(BO2)2

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Question65
The correct statement about B2H 6 is
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:
A. all B-H-B angles are of 120∘

B. the two B − H − B bonds are not of same length

C. terminal B-H bonds have less p-character when compared to bridging bonds

D. Its fragment, BH 3, behaves as a Lewis base

Answer: C

Solution:

Statement (c) is correct, whereas all other statements are incorrect.

Correct statements are as follows

- Both B-H-B bridge bond having same bond length.
- B-H-B bond angle is 90∘ .
- BH 3 is electron deficient species and therefore act as Lewis acid.

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Question66
Water does not produce CO on reacting with
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. CH 4

B. C

C. CO2

D. C3H 8

Answer: C

Solution:
Water (steam) can produce CO on reacting with CH 4, C and C3H 8 as,
1270K
CH 4 + H 2O─────▶CO + 3H 2
Ni
1270K
C + H 2O────▶CO + H 2
1270K
C3H 8 + 3H 2O────▶3CO + 7H 2
Ni
But, water on reaction with CO2 produces carbonic acid (H 2CO3), not CO.
CO2 + H 2O ⟶ H 2CO3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question67
Al 2O3 was leached with alkali to get X . The solution of X on
passing of gas Y , forms Z . X, Y and Z respectively are:
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. X = N a[Al (OH )4], Y = SO2, Z = Al 2O3

B. X = N a[Al (OH )4], Y = CO2, Z = Al 2O3.

C. X = Al (OH )3, Y = CO2, Z = Al 2O3

D. X = Al (OH )3, Y = SO2, Z = Al 2O3 ⋅ H 2O

Answer: B

Solution:

CO2
Al 2O3(s) + 2N aOH (aq.) +3H 2O(l ) ⟶ 2N a[Al (OH )4](aq) ⟶ Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O(s) + 2N aH CO3 (aq.)
(Y )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question68
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Colourless cupric metaborate is reduced to cuprous
metaborate in a luminous flame.
Statement II : Cuprous metaborate is obtained by heating boric
anhydride and copper sulphate in a non-luminous flame.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below :
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Answer: B

Solution:

(I) Blue cupric metaborate [Cu(BO2)2] is reduced to colourless cuprous metaborate [Cu(BO2)2] in a
luminous flame.
Luminous flame
2Cu(BO2)2 + 2N aBO2 + C ⟶ 2CuBO2 + N a2B4O7 + CO

(II) Cupric metaborate is obatined heating boric anhydride (B2O3) and copper sulphate in a non
luminous flame.
non-luminous flame
B2O3 + CuSO4 ⟶ Cu(BO2)2 + SO3
Cupric metaborate (Blue-green)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question69
The incorrect statement regarding the structure of C60 is
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. the six-membered rings are fused to both six and five-membered rings

B. each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds

C. the five-membered rings are fused only to six-membered rings

D. it contains 12 six-membered rings and 24 five-membered rings

Answer: D

Solution:

C60 molecule has a shape like soccer ball and called Buckminster fullerene. It is an allotrope of
carbon. It contains twenty-six membered rings and twelve-five membered rings. A six membered
ring is fused with six or five membered rings but a five membered ring can only fuse with six
membered rings.
All the carbon atoms are equal and they undergo sp2-hybridisation.
Each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds with other three carbon atoms.
So, statement (d) is wrong.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
Given below are the statements about diborane
(a) Diborane is prepared by the oxidation of N aBH 4 with I 2
(b) Each boron atom is in sp 2 hybridized state
(c) Diborane has one bridged 3 centre-2-electron bond
(d) Diborane is a planar molecule
The option with correct statement(s) is -
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. (c) and (d) only

B. (a) only

C. (c) only
D. (a) and (b) only

Answer: B

Solution:

Diborane is prepared by the reaction of N aBH 4 with I 2.

2N aBH 4 + I 2 → B2H 6 + 2N aI + H 2
3 −
In diborane, 'B' is sp hybrid, it is Non-planar and two 3c − 2e bonds are present.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question71
Which one of the following compounds of Group-14 elements is not
known?
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. [GeCl 6]2−

B. [Sn(OH )6]2−

2−
C. [SiCl 6]

D. [SiF 6]2−

Answer: C

Solution:

[SiCl 6]2− does not exist due to steric crowding of surrounding atoms.

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Question72
In which one of the following molecules strongest back donation of
an electron pair from halide to boron is expected?
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. BCl3

B. BF3

C. BBr3

D. BI3

Answer: B

Solution:

Smaller the halide atom, more effective is back donation of an electron pair from halide atom.
So, correct answer is BF3.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
The reaction of H 3N 3B3Cl 3(A) with LiBH 4 in tetrahydrofuran
gives inorganic benzene (B). Further, the reaction of (A) with (C)
leads to H 3N 3B3(M e)3. Compounds (B) and (C) respectively, are:
[Jan. 09, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. Borazine and M eBr

B. Diborane and M eM gBr

C. Boron nitride and MeBr

D. Borazine and MeMgBr

Answer: D

Solution:
 THF
H 3N 3B3Cl 3 + LiBH 4────▶B3N 3H 6 + LiCl + BCl 3
(A) (B)
H 3N 3B3Cl 3 + 3M eM gBr──── ▶ H 3N 3B3(M e)3 + 3M gBrC
(A) (C)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
The hydride that is NOT electron deficient is:
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. SiH 4

B. B2H 6

C. GaH 3

D. Al H 3

Answer: A

Solution:

SiH 4 : Electron precise hydride

B2H 6, GaH 3 and Al H 3 are electron deficient

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
The relative stability of +1 oxidation state of group 13 elements
follows the order:
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. Al < Ga < T l < I n

B. T ] < l n < Ga < Al

C. Ga < Al < I n < T l

D. Al < Ga < I n < T 1

Answer: D

Solution:

Due to inert pair effect, the stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group.
Thus, correct order of stability is Al < Ga < I n < T l

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question76
The electronegativity of aluminium is similar to:
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. Carbon

B. Beryllium

C. Boron

D. Lithium

Answer: B

Solution:

Be and Al show diagonal relationship due to which these two elements have similar
electronegativity.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question77
The number of 2 -centre- 2 -electron and 3 -centre-2-electron bonds
in B2H 6,respectively, are:
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 2 and 1
B. 4 and 2

C. 2 and 2

D. 2 and 4

Answer: B

Solution:

Structure of B2H 6 :

∴ No. of 2 -centre- 2 electron bonds = 4,

No. of 3 -centre- 2 electron bonds = 2.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
Aluminium is usually found in +3 oxidation state. In contrast,
thallium exists in +1 and +3 oxidation states. This is due to:
[Jan. 9,2019(I)]
Options:

A. inert pair effect

B. diagonal relationship

C. lattice effect

D. lanthanoid contraction

Answer: A

Solution:

Due to the inert pair effect, thallium exists in more than one oxidation state. Also, for thallium +1
oxidation state is more stable than +3 oxidation state.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question79
The element that does NOT show catenation is:
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. Ge

B. Si

C. Sn

D. Pb

Answer: D

Solution:

Catenation power of the elements decreases as we move down in the group. Therefore, Pb does
not show catenation property.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
The element that shows greater ability to form pπ − pπ multiple
bonds, is :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. Sn

B. C

C. Ge

D. Si

Answer: B

Solution:
Due to the small size of carbon atom, effective lateral overlapping between 2p and 2p occurs.

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Question81
The chloride that CANNOT get hydrolysed is :
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. PbCl 4

B. CCl 4

C. SnCl 4

D. SiCl 4

Answer: B

Solution:

CCl 4 cannot be hydrolysed due to absence of d orbitals at carbon atom.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
Correct statements among 'A' to 'D' regarding silicones are:
(A) They are polymers with hydrophobic character.
(B) They are biocompatible.
(C) In general, they have high thermal stability and low dielectric
strength.
(D) Usually, they are resistant to oxidation and used as greases.
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. (A), (B), (C) and (D)

B. (A), (B) and (C) only

C. (A) and (B) only

D. (A), (B) and (D) only

Answer: D

Solution:

Silicones are polymers containing Si− O − Si linkages with strong hydrophobic character.
Generally, they exhibit high thermal stability with high dielectric strength. Silicon greases are
resistant to oxidation which are commonly used for greasing purposes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
C60, an allotrope of carbon contains:
[April 9, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 12 hexagons and 20 pentagons.

B. 18 hexagons and 14 pentagons.

C. 16 hexagons and 16 pentagons.

D. 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons.

Answer: D

Solution:

Fullerene (C60) contains 20 hexagons (six membered) rings and 12 pentagons (five membered
rings):

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
The correct statements among I to III regarding group 13 element
oxides are,
(I) Boron trioxide is acidic.
(II) Oxides of aluminium and gallium are amphoteric.
(III) Oxides of indium and thallium are basic.
[April 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. (I) and (II) only

B. (I), (II) and (III)

C. (I) and (III) only

D. (II) and (III) only

Answer: B

Solution:

(I) B2O3 − Acidic oxide

(II) Al 2O3 & Ga2O3 − Amphoteric oxide
(III) I n2O3 & T l 2O− Basic oxide

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Question85
Diborane (B2H 6) reacts independently with O2 and H 2O to produce,
respectively;
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. B2O3 and H 3BO3

B. B2O3 and [BH 4]−

C. H 3BO3 and B2O3

D. H BO2 and H 3BO3

Answer: A

Solution:
B2H 6 + 3O2 ⟶ B2O3 + 3H 2O
B2H 6 + 6H 2O ⟶ 2H 3BO3 + 6H 2

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Question86
The basic structural unit of feldspar, zeolites, mica, and asbestos is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. (SiO3)2

B. SiO2

C. (SiO4)4

D.

Answer: C

Solution:

These are examples of silicates, the basic unit of each of them is SiO44− ion.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question87
The correct statement among the following is:
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. (SiH 3)3N is planar and less basic than (CH 3)3N .

B. (SiH 3)3N is pyramidal and more basic than (CH 3)3N .

C. (SiH 3)3N is pyramidal and less basic than (CH 3)3N .

D. (SiH 3)3N is planar and more basic than (CH 3)3N .

Answer: A

Solution:

Due to back bonding of lone pair electrons of nitrogen into vacant d -orbitals of Si, trisilylamine
(SiH 3)3N is planar. In trimethylamine (CH 3)3N , there is no back bonding and hence it is more
basic.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question88
The C − C bond length is maximum in :
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. graphite

B. C70

C. C60

D. diamond

Answer: D

Solution:

Carbon-carbon bond length is maximum in diamond because diamond has all single bonds while
graphite, C70 and C60 have single and double bonds.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question89
The correct order of catenation is:
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. C > Sn > Si ≈ Ge

B. C > Si > Ge ≈ Sn

C. Si > Sn > C > Ge

D. Ge > Sn > Si > C

Answer: B

Solution:

The catenation property among 14 th group elements is based on bond enthalpy value of bond
between the same element. The decreasing order of bond enthalpy values is in(kJ ∕ mol )
∴ Decreasing order of catenation is
C > Si > Ge ≈ Sn

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
The amorphous form of silica is:
[April 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. Tridymite

B. Kieselguhr

C. Cristobalite

D. Quartz

Answer: B

Solution:

Quartz, tridymite and cristobalite are crystalline forms of silica, while kieselguhr is an amorphous
form of silica.

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Question91
When metal ' M ' is treated with N aOH , a white gelatinous
precipitate ' X ′ is obtained, which is soluble in excess of NaOH.
Compound 'X' when heated strongly gives an oxide which is used in
chromatography as an adsorbent. The metal 'M' is:
[2018]
Options:

A. Z n

B. Ca

C. Al

D. Fe

Answer: C

Solution:
 N aOH
Al + 3H 2O────────▶Al (OH )3 ↓ +3 ∕ 2H 2(g)
White gelatinous ppt.
excess of N aOH
Al (OH )3────────▶ N a[Al (OH )4]
Soluble
∆
2Al (OH )3─────▶Al 2O3 + 3H 2O
(X)
Al 2O3 is used as adsorbent in chromatography. Thus, metal 'M' is Al.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question92
A group 13 element 'X'reacts with chlorine gas to produce a
compound X Cl 3 . X Cl 3 is electron deficient and easily reacts with
N H 3 to form Cl 3X ← N H 3 adduct, however, X Cl 3 does not
dimerize.X is:
[Online April 16,2018]
Options:

A. B

B. Al

C. In

D. Ga

Answer: A

Solution:

NH3
B + Cl 2 ⟶ BCl 3 → Cl 3 ← N H 3
[does not dimerise due to(pπ − pπ) back bonding] adduct
BCl 3 is electron deficient but it does not form dimer like Al, Ga or In because its electron
deficiencyis complemented by the formation of co-ordinate bond between lone pair of electron of
chlorine and empty unhybridised p -orbital of boron forming pπ − pπ bonding.

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Question93
Which of the following are Lewis acids?
[2018]
Options:

A. PH 3 and BCl 3

B. Al Cl 3 and SiCl 4

C. PH 3 and SiCl 4

D. BCl 3 and Al Cl 3

Answer: 0

Solution:

BCl 3 and Al Cl 3, both have vacant p -orbital and incomplete octet, thus they behave as Lewis
acids. SiCl 4 can accept lone pair of electron in d -orbital of silicon, hence it can act as Lewis acid.
Although the most suitable answer is (d). However, both options (b) and (d) can be considered as
correct answers. e.g. hydrolysis of SiCl 4

i.e., option (b) Al Cl 3 and SiCl 4 is also correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question94
In graphite and diamond, the percentage of p -characters of the
hybrid orbitals in hybridisation are respectively:
[Online April 15, 2018 (I)]
Options:

A. 33 and 25
B. 67 and 75

C. 50 and 75

D. 33 and 75

Answer: B

Solution:

2 2
% of p - in graphite (sp ) = × 100 = 67%
3
3 3
% of p - in diamond (sp ) = × 100 = 75%
4

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Question95
Identify the reaction which does not liberate hydrogen:
[Online April 10, 2016]
Options:

A. Reaction of lithium hydride with B2H 6.

B. Electrolysis of acidified water using P t electrodes

C. Reaction of zinc with aqueous alkali

D. Allowing a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia to stand

Answer: A

Solution:

Lithium hydride react with diborane to produce lithiumborohydride.

2LiH + B2H 6 ⟶ 2LiBH 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question96
Match the items in Column I with its main use listed in Column II:

[Online April 9,2016]

Options:

A. (A) − (iii), (B) − (i), (C) − (iv), (D) − (ii)

B. (A)(iv), (B)(i), (C) − (ii), (D)(iii)

C. (A)(ii), (B) − (i), (C)(iv), (D)(iii)

D. (A) − (ii), (B) − (iv), (C) − (i), (D) (iii)

Answer: A

Solution:

A - Silica gel packets are used to absorb moisture and keep things dry i.e. as drying agent.
B - Silicon is a semiconductor and is used in transistors.
C - Silicone is used as sealant.
D - Silicates are widely used in ion-exchange beds in domesticand commercial water purification,
softening, and other applications.

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Question97
Assertion : Among the carbon allotropes, diamond is an insulator,
whereas, graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason : Hybridization of carbon in diamond and graphite are sp3
and sp2, respectively.
[Online April 10, 2016]
Options:

A. Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation
for the assertion

B. Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation for
the assertion

C. Both assertion and reason are incorrect

D. Assertion is incorrect statement, but the reason is correct.

Answer: B

Solution:

In diamond, each C -atom is covalently bonded to four other C-atoms to give a tetrahedral unit, so it
shows sp3 hybridisation. Therefore, each C-atom forms four sigma bonds with neighbouring C-
atoms. In diamond each C-atom utilizes its four unpaired electrons in bond formation. These
bonding electrons are localized. Due to this reason diamond is a bad conductor of electricity. In
graphite each C-atom is covalently bonded to three C-atoms to give trigonal geometry. Each C-
atom in graphite is sp2 -hybridized. Three out of four valence electrons of each C-atom are used in
bond formation while the fourth electron is free to move in the structure of graphite. Due to this
reason graphite is a good conductor of electricity.

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Question98
In the following sets of reactants which two sets best exhibit the
amphoteric characters of Al 2O3, xH 2O?
Set 1 : Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O(s) and OH −(aq)
Set 2 : Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O(s) and H 2O(l )
Set 3 : Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O(s) and H +(aq)
Set 4 : Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O(s) and N H 3(aq)
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. 1 and 2

B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4

D. 3 and 4

Answer: B

Solution:

Aluminium oxide is amphoteric oxide because it shows the properties of the both acidic and basic
oxides. It reacts with both acids and bases to form salt and water.
Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O + 2N aOH ⟶ N aAl O2 + H 2O
Al 2O3 ⋅ xH 2O + H Cl ⟶ Al Cl 3 + H 2O

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Question99
The gas evolved on heating CaF 2 and SiO2 with concentrated
H 2SO4, on hydrolysis gives a white gelatinous precipitate. The
precipitate is:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. hydrofluosilicic acid

B. silica gel

C. silicic acid

D. calciumfluorosilicate

Answer: D

Solution:

2CaF 2 + SiO2 + H 2SO4────▶

hydrolysis
SiF 4 + H 2O + CaSO4──────▶CaSiF

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Question100
Example of a three-dimensional silicate is:
[Online April 19, 2014]
Options:

A. Zeolites

B. Ultramarines

C. Feldspars

D. Beryls

Answer: C

Solution:

The feldspars are most abundant aluminosilicate minerals in the Earth surface. The silicon atoms
and aluminium atoms occupy the centres of interlinked tetrahedra of SiO44− and Al O45−. These
tetrahedra connect at each corner to other tetrahedra forming an intricate, three dimesional,
negatively charged framework. The sodium cations sit within the voids in this structure.

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Question101
Identify the incorrect statement:
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. In (Si3O9)6−, tetrahedral SiO4 units share two oxygen atoms.

B. Trialkylehlorosilane on hydrolysis gives R3SiOH .

C. SiCl 4 undergoes hydrolysis to give H 4SiO4.

D. (Si3O9)6− has cyclic structure.

Answer: B

Solution:
The hydrolysis of trialkylchlorosilane, R3 SiCl yields dimer:
R R
| |
R − Si − O − Si − R
| |
R R

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Question102
The catenation tendency of C, Si and Ge is in the order Ge < Si < C.
The bond energies (in kJ mol −1 ) of C − C Si − Si and Ge − Ge bonds
are respectively;
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 348, 297, 260

B. 297, 348, 260

C. 348, 260, 297

D. 260, 297, 348

Answer: A

Solution:

The linking of identical atoms with each other to form long chains is called catenation. However,
this property decreases from carbon to lead. Decrease of this property is associated with M-M bond
energy, which decreases from carbon to lead.

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Question103
In view of the signs of ∆r G∘ for the following reactions:
PbO2 + Pb → 2PbO, ∆r Go < 0
SnO2 + Sn → 2SnO, ∆r G0 > 0
which oxidation states are more characteristics for lead and tin ?
[2011RS]
Options:

A. For lead +2, for tin + 2

B. For lead +4, for tin +4

C. For lead +2, for tin +4

D. For lead +4, for tin +2

Answer: C

Solution:

Negative ∆r G∘ value indicates that +2 oxidation state is more stable for Pb2+. Also it is supported by
inert pair effect that +2 oxidation state is more stable for Pb and +4 oxidation state is more stable
for Sn.
2 2 4 4
[Link] + < Pb +, Sn + > Pb +

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Question104
Which one of the following is the correct statement?
[2008]
Options:

A. Boric acid is a protonic acid

B. Beryllium exhibits coordination number of six

C. Chlorides of both beryllium and aluminium have bridged structures in solid phase

D. B2H 6 ⋅ 2N H 3 is known as 'inorganic benzene'

Answer: C

Solution:

The correct formula of inorganic benzene is B3N 3H 6 so (d ) is incorrect statement

OH
|
Boric acid ( H 3BO3 or B − OH ) is a Lewis acid so (a) is incorrect statement.
|
OH
The coordination number exhibited by beryllium is 4 and not 6 so statement (b) is also incorrect.
Both BeCl 2 and Al Cl 3 exhibit bridged structures in solid state, so (c) is correct statement.

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Question105
Among the following substituted silanes, which one will give rise to
cross linked silicone polymer on hydrolysis is
[2008]
Options:

A. R4Si

B. R2SiCl 2

C. RSiCl 3

D. R3SiCl

Answer: C

Solution:

The cross linked polymers will be formed by RSiCl ,

OH
3nH 2O |
nRSiCl 3──────▶nR − S i − OH ────▶
−3nH Cl |
OH

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Question106
The stability of dihalides of Si, Ge, Sn and Pb increases steadily in
the sequence
[2007]
Options:

A. PbX 2 < < SnX 2 < < GeX 2 < < SiX 2

B. GeX 2 < < SiX 2 < < SnX 2 < PbX 2

C. SiX 2 < < GeX 2 < < PbX 2 < < SnX 2

D. SiX 2 < GeX 2 < < SnX 2 < < PbX 2

Answer: D

Solution:

Reluctance of valence shell electrons to participate in bonding is called inert pair effect. The
stability of lower oxidation state ( +2 for group 14 elements) increases on going down the group. So
the correct order is
SiX 2 < GeX 2 < SnX 2 < PbX 2

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Question107
A metal, M forms chlorides in its +2 and +4 oxidation states. Which
of the following statements about these chlorides is correct?
[2006]
Options:

A. M Cl 2 is more ionic than M Cl 4

B. M Cl 2 is more easily hydrolysed than M Cl 4

C. M Cl 2 is more volatile than M Cl 4

D. M Cl 2 is more soluble in anhydrous ethanol than M Cl 4

Answer: A

Solution:
Metal atom in the lower oxidation state forms ionic bond whereas in the higher oxidation state
forms covalent bond, because higher oxidation state means small size and high polarizing power
and hence greater the covalent character. So, M Cl 2 is more ionic than M Cl 4.

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Question108
Heating an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride to dryness will
give
[2005]
Options:

A. Al (OH )Cl 2

B. Al 2O3

C. Al 2Cl 6

D. Al Cl 3

Answer: B

Solution:

The solution of aluminium chloride in water is acidic due to hydrolysis.

Al Cl 3 + 3H 2O ⟶ Al (OH )3 + 3H Cl
On heating till dryness, Al (OH )3 is converted into Al 2O3.
∆
Al (OH )3→Al 2O3 + 3H 2O

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Question109
The structure of diborane (B2H 6) contains
[2005]
Options:

A. four 2c − 2e bonds and four 3c − 2e bonds

B. two 2c − 2e bonds and two 3c − 3e bonds

C. two 2c − 2c bonds and four 3c − 2c bonds

D. four 2c − 2e bonds and two 3c − 2e bonds

Answer: D

Solution:

In diborane structure of B2H 6, there are four 2c − 2e bonds and two 3c − 2e bonds (see structure of
diborane).

H t = terminal hydrogen
H b = bridging hydrogen

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Question110
In silicon dioxide
[2005]
Options:

A. there are double bonds between silicon and oxygen atoms

B. silicon atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms

C. each silicon atom is surrounded bytwo oxygen atoms and each oxygen atom is
bonded to two silicon atoms

D. each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms and each oxygen atom is
bonded to two silicon atoms.

Answer: D

Solution:
In SiO2 (quartz), each of O -atom is shared between two SiO44 tetrahedra.

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Question111
Beryllium and aluminium exhibit many properties which are
similar. But, the two elements differ in
[2004]
Options:

A. forming covalent halides

B. forming polymeric hydrides

C. exhibiting maximum covalency in compounds

D. exhibiting amphoteric nature in their oxides

Answer: C

Solution:

The maximum valency of beryllium is +2, while that of aluminium it is +3.

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Question112
Aluminium chloride exists as dimer, Al 2Cl 6 in solid state as well as
in solution of non-polar solvents such as benzene. When dissolved in
water, it gives
[2004]
Options:
A. [Al (OH )6]3− + 3H Cl

B. [Al (H 2O)6]3+ + 3Cl −

C. Al 3+ + 3Cl −

D. Al 2O3 + 6H Cl

Answer: B

Solution:

Al 2Cl 6 + 12H 2O ⇌ 2[Al (H 2O)6]3+ + 6Cl −

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Question113
The soldiers of Napolean army while at Alps during freezing winter
suffered a serious problem as regards to the tin buttons of their
uniforms. White metallic tin buttons got converted to grey powder.
This transformation is related to
[2004]
Options:

A. a change in the partial pressure of oxygen in the air

B. a change in the crystalline structure of tin

C. an interaction with nitrogen of the air at very low temperature

D. an interaction with water vapour contained in the humid air

Answer: B

Solution:

Grey tin ⇌ white tin

Grey tin is brittle and crumbles down to powder in very cold climate
The conversion of grey tin to white tin is acompained by increase in volume., This is knwon as tin
plaque or tin disease.
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Question114
Graphite is a soft solid lubricant extremely difficult to melt. The
reason for this anomalous behaviour is that graphite
[2003]
Options:

A. is an allotropic form of diamond

B. has molecules of variable molecular masses like polymers

C. has carbon atoms arranged in large plates of rings of strongly bound carbon atoms
with weak interplate bonds

D. is a non-crystalline substance

Answer: C

Solution:

In graphite, carbon is sp2 hybridized. Each carbon is thus linked to three other carbon atoms
forming hexagonal rings. Since only three electrons of each carbon are used in making hexagonal
ring, fourth electron of each carbon is free to move. This makes graphite a good conductor of heat
and electricity. Further graphite has a two dimensional sheet like structure. These various sheets
are held together by van der Waal's force of attraction which makes it difficult to melt. Further due
to these weak forces of attraction, one layer can slip over the other. Which makes graphite soft and
a good lubricating agent.

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Question115
Glass is a
[2003]
Options:

A. super-cooled liquid

B. gel

C. polymeric mixture
D. micro-crystalline solid

Answer: A

Solution:

Glass is a translucent or transparent amorphous supercooled solid solution or we can say super
cooled liquid of silicates and borates having a general formula R2O . M O.6SiO2. where R = N a or K
and M = Ca, Ba, Z nor Pb.

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Question116
For making good quality mirrors, plates of float glass are used.
These are obtained by floating molten glass over a liquid metal
which does not solidify before glass. The metal used can be
[2003]
Options:

A. tin

B. sodium

C. magnesium

D. mercury

Answer: D

Solution:

It is mercury because it exists as liquid at room temperature.

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Question117
Alum helps in purifying water by
[2002]
Options:
A. forming Si complex with clay partiles

B. sulphate part which combines with the dirt and removes it

C. coagulaing the mud particles

D. making mud water soluble.

Answer: C

Solution:

Alum furnishes Al 3+ ions which bring about coagulation of negatively charged clay particles,
bacteria etc.

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