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Electronics
Grade 11

Name .................................
prepared By: S. H. F. Ruzaika
Kg/Dehi Sulaimaniya College, Kannattota

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11
01)
1. The materials can be classified in to three types according to their electric conductivity.
i. Electric conductors. Eg: ...........................................................................................................................
ii. Insulators. Eg: ...........................................................................................................................
iii. Semi electric conductors. Eg: ....................................................................................................................

2. Fill in the blanks about semi conductors.

Semi conductors

Intrinsic Semiconductors/ Pure Extrinsic Semiconductors.

semiconductor materials a minute amount of the element
Eg: ....................................................... phosphorous (P) or Si is mixed
(doped) to an intrinsic
semiconductor
Eg: .......................................................

P type semi conductor: Boron is n type semi conductor:

mixed (doped) to an intrinsic .....................................................................
semiconductor such as Si. .....................................................................

02)

1. Select the most appropriate answer.

i. The covalent bonds between the atoms of semi conductors are (week/ Strong)

ii. Charge carriers in conductors are (holes/ electrons/ holes & electrons)

iii. Intrinsic semiconductors are electrically (positively charged/ neutral/ negatively

charged)

iv. When increasing temperature the conductivity of conductors (increase/ decrease) but the

conductivity of semi conductors (increase/ decrease).

2. The structures of extrinsic semi conductors are given below.

i. What kind of extrinsic semiconductor is it?

............................................................................................................
ii. Which element is utilized for doping in this case?
............
iii. Name another element that could be used for
doping instead of the one you previously mentioned?
..................
iv. When doping with these elements, they introduce
free electrons into the lattice, which is why they are
referred to as (donor atoms / acceptor atoms).

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11

i. What kind of extrinsic semiconductor is it?

............................................................................................................
ii. Which element is utilized for doping in this case?
............
iii. Name another element that could be used for
doping instead of the one you previously mentioned?
..................
iv. When doping with these elements, they introduce
holes into the lattice, which is why they are referred to
as (donor atoms / acceptor atoms).

3. What does it mean to bias a p-n junction? ............................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................

4. What are the stopping potentials for p-n junctions made of silicon (Si) and germanium

(Ge)? .........................................................................................................................................................................

5. What is the primary function of a junction diode?

...................................................................................................................................................................................

(a) (b) (c)

6. In which of the circuits, a or b, is the p-n junction reverse biased? ................................................

7. What changes occur in the depletion layer when circuit b is biased? .............................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................

8. If circuits a and b have p-n junctions made of silicon, in which circuit will electricity flow

when a potential difference greater than 0.7 V is applied? .....................................................................

9. Which of the circuits, a or b, is similar to circuit c? .............................................................................

03)
1. Illustrate the following words and draw them in the given graphs.

a. Alternative current: .......................................................................................................................................

b. Direct current: .................................................................................................................................................

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11

4. The following diagram shows the structure of a Half Wave Rectification circuit

i. What type of device is utilized to reduce

the voltage from 230V to 3V?
........................................................................................
ii. What kind of current is generated in the
secondary circuit of this device? .........................
........................................................................................
iii. The process of converting alternating current to direct current is known as rectification.
Which device serves this function?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
iv. Could you illustrate the current flow through the resistor R over time on a graph?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................

5. The structure for full wave rectification is given below.

i. Which diodes are forward-biased? ........................
ii. Would bulb B illuminate if the battery
terminals were reversed? Please explain your
reasoning? ......................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
iii. If an alternative voltage is to be supplied to
this bridge circuit, what is the most appropriate
device to use in place of the battery?
............................................................................................
iv. What kinds of input and output currents are present after connecting the device
mentioned above?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
v. Electronic devices require a stable direct current for proper operation. Although full-wave
rectification alters the current's direction to a single flow, its magnitude (voltage or current)
fluctuates between zero and a peak value.
a. Which electronic device can help minimize this fluctuation? Additionally, please draw the
standard symbol for that device in the appropriate location within the circuit above?
...................................................................................................................................................................................

04)

1. What do you mean by smoothing?

...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11

2. The table below illustrates the various types of rectifications along with their
corresponding graphs. Please complete the voltage waveforms for each type of rectification
before smoothing.

Full-Wave Rectification Half-Wave Rectification

Circuit Configuration

Input
Voltage Waveform

Voltage Waveform
After Rectification
Voltage Waveform
After Rectification
Smoothing

i. What is a type of semiconductor material used in LEDs?

......................................................................
ii. Identify two reasons for the growing popularity of LEDs in homes and streetlights today?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
iii. Which type of semiconductor is primarily used in solar cells?
............................................................
iv. What occurs when sunlight hits solar cells?
................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
v. Name two devices that operate using solar cells?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
vi. Explain how solar cells can serve as a better solution to the energy crisis on Earth?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................

05)
1. Transistor is made up of two p-n junctions.
i. Identify the type of transistor given here, and identify the terminals mentioned as 1, 2, and
3? 1

ii. Write two instances where transistors are used?

................................................................................................................................. 2
.........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. 3

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11

iii. Draw the symbols of the following structures and provide their respective names.

........................................ ........................................ ........................................

2. Determine the terminals of the transistor where the specific activities take place.
Emitting the carriers: .....................................................................................................................
Collecting the carriers: ..................................................................................................................
Controlling the carriers that flow from emitter to collector: ............................................

06)
1. Transistors function as current amplifiers. The diagram below illustrates their current
amplification process. In this scenario, a small DC current serves as the input, which is then
amplified into a larger current as the output.

i. What is Vʀ? and state its function?

.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
ii. Which of the bulb is in output circuit?
.................................................................................................................

iii. Fill in the following table about the illumination of the

bulbs in the circuit

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 Electronics - Grade 11, Unit 11

2. Transistors act as signal amplifiers. The following setup shows its process.

i. What is the energy transformation occur in the

microphone in the input circuit?
............................................................................................................
ii. Identify the device connected to the output circuit?
............................................................................................................
iii. Explain how signal amplification takes place here?
.............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................
iv. What type of transistor is used in the circuit?
............................................................................................
v. What is the term for the process in which sound waves captured by a microphone are
transformed into electrical energy? ...............................................................................................................

3. The diagram below illustrates the circuit designed for street lights to function
autonomously at night.

i. What specific role does the transistor play in this

setup? ...........................................................................................
ii. Using this diagram, explain how the lights
illuminate independently at night and turn off in the
morning?
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................

07)

1. Identify the following diagrams and provide their numbers in the relevant blank.
I

1 2 3 4

i. Half wave rectification ............................................................................................................

ii. Smoothed full wave rectification .........................................................................................
iii. Full wave rectification .............................................................................................................
iv. Current from a dry cell ...........................................................................................................

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