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Sex Linked Inheritance Notes

The document discusses sex-linked inheritance, specifically X-linked inheritance, detailing the chromosomal structure in humans and the inheritance mechanism of gametes. It highlights X-linked diseases, their genotypes, and provides examples of genetic crosses, including a Punnett square analysis. Additionally, it mentions Y-linked diseases and provides information on haploid chromosome numbers in other organisms.

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3 views3 pages

Sex Linked Inheritance Notes

The document discusses sex-linked inheritance, specifically X-linked inheritance, detailing the chromosomal structure in humans and the inheritance mechanism of gametes. It highlights X-linked diseases, their genotypes, and provides examples of genetic crosses, including a Punnett square analysis. Additionally, it mentions Y-linked diseases and provides information on haploid chromosome numbers in other organisms.

Uploaded by

somaraha8206
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE

(X-LINKED INHERITANCE)

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell of Homo sapiens. Out of which, 22 pairs are the Autosomes or
somatic chromosomes, responsible for somatic characters (soma = skin/body). The 23rd pair is responsible for sex
determination and is known as Allosomes or Sex-chromosomes.

23 Pairs (Body Cells) Breakdown

In case of Males: In case of Females:


22 Pairs of Autosomes + 1 Pair of Sex Chromosomes 22 Pairs of Autosomes + 1 Pair of Allosomes
Genotype: XY Genotype: XX

Mechanism in Gametes & Offspring Inheritance

Parental Generation

Diploid Male Parent (XY) × Diploid Female Parent (XX)

Haploid Gametes Produced

Male Gametes (Sperm): (X) or (Y)


Female Gametes (Ova): (X) or (X)

Random Fusion / Offspring Possibilities:

X (from Sperm) + X (from Ovum) → XX (Female Child)


Y (from Sperm) + X (from Ovum) → XY (Male Child)

X-Linked Diseases

There are 2 prominent diseases which are known as X-linked diseases. The gene for these diseases is located only
on the X-chromosome and is always expressed in the homozygous condition in females. This is a recessive gene,
that is why its character is expressed only in homozygous conditions for females, or hemizygous conditions for
males.

1
Examples of affected genotypes: XcXc, XhXh, XcY, and XhY.

Genotype and Phenotype Reference Table

GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

XY Normal Man

XX Normal Woman

XcXc Colorblind Woman

XXc or XcX Carrier Woman

XcY Colorblind Man

Xh Y Haemophilic Man

Xh Xh Haemophilic Woman

Xh X Carrier Woman

Example of a Genetic Cross (F1 Generation)

Cross: A Normal Man × Colorblind Woman


Parents: Normal Man (XY) × Colorblind Woman (XcXc)
Gametes: Man produces (X), (Y) | Woman produces (Xc), (Xc)

Punnett Square (F1 Generation)

♂\♀ X Y

XcX XcY
Xc
(Carrier Daughter) (Colorblind Son)

XcX XcY
Xc
(Carrier Daughter) (Colorblind Son)

2
Genotypes Produced: XcX, XcY
Genotypic Ratio: XcX : XcY = 2 : 2 (100% of daughters are XcX and 100% of sons are XcY)
Phenotypes: Colorblind Carrier Daughter, Colorblind Son
Phenotypic Ratio: 2 Colorblind Carrier Daughters : 2 Colorblind Sons (100% colorblind carrier daughters and
100% colorblind sons)
Conclusion: Hence, 0% of daughters will be clinically diseased (they are only carriers).

N.B. (Notabene):
c = colorblind
ch / h = haemophilia

Q. Name 2 Y-linked diseases?


Ans: Hypertrichosis and Baldness.

Appendix: Chromosome Numbers

Haploid chromosome number (n) of some organisms:


Cat and Sheep = 19 (Therefore, diploid number 2n = 38)

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