MEKDELA AMBA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Ordinary Differential Equations Assignment

(Weight: 30%)

Prepared By: Dr. Tegegne G.

Academic year: 2018Ec. Summer

Date of Submission:
 Questions 1-15: True/False. Questions 16-30: Multiple-Choice. Questions 31-48: Workout.

(1) The function y = 0 is always a solution to a linear homogeneous ODE.

dy
(2) The ODE = (x + y + 5)2 is separable.
dx
(3) If y(x) is an n-th order solution to an ODE and contains n arbitrary constants, then it must
be the general solution to that ODE.

(4) A first-order ODE can never be linear, separable, and exact at the same time.

(5) The ODE y 0 = e5x−7y is separable.

∂M (x, y) ∂N (x, y)
(6) The ODE M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0 is exact if and only if = .
∂x ∂y
(7) For any linear ODE, the sum of any two solutions is also a solution.

(8) The only particular solution to a second-order linear homogeneous ODE is the zero solution.
d8 y
(9) The ODE x8 8 − 3y = 0 is a Cauchy-Euler equation and has one solution of the form
dx
y = xr for some constant r.
2
(10) The function ex is an integrating factor for the ODE y 0 − 2xy = x7 .

(11) (yz)0 = y 0 z + yz 0 is a differential identity rather than a differential equation.

dy x8 y − 23x2 y 7
(12) The ODE = 4 5 is a first-order homogeneous equation.
dx x y + 3y 9 − 8x9
dy √ √
(13) The ODE = xy + 5 xy is a Bernoulli differential equation.
dx
dy 4xy + 5y 2
(14) The ODE = can be transformed into a separable ODE in x and z by using
dx xy + 3x2
the substitution y = xz.

(15) The electric charge Q(t) on one side of a capacitor plate in an LRC circuit with the voltage
d2 Q dQ Q
source V (t) is described by the ODE L 2 + R + = V (t).
dt dt C
(16) The general solution to y 0 = xy 2 has the form
√
(a) y = ± ex2 /2+c
x2 y 2
(b) y = +c
2
−2
(c) y = 2
x +c
x2 y 3
(d) y = +c
6
(17) Which of the following is a linear ODE?
d2 y
(a) y =1
dx2
d2 y
(b) −y =1
dx2

1
 d2 y 1
(c) y − =y
dx2 y
d2 y
(d) = sin y
dx2
(18) The general solution to y 0 + y = e2x has the form
e2x
(a) y = ce−x +
3
2x
e +c
(b) y =
2(1 + x)
1
(c) y = (c + )e2x
3
(d) y = ce2x

(19) The general solution to y 0 = y 2 has the form

c
(a) y =
x+1
1
(b) y =
x+c
−1
(c) y =
x+c
c
(d) y =
x−1
(20) An integrating factor for y 0 + 8x3 y = sin x is given by

(a) 2x4
(b) ln(x4 )
(c) x4
4
(d) 5e2x

(21) Which of the following is an exact ODE?

(a) (x + y)dx − dy = 0
(b) 3y dx − 3x dy = 0
(c) 2xy dx + (3 + x2 )dy = 0
(d) y 2 dx + (2x − 2y)dy = 0
dy
(22) The general solution to = ex−y has the form
dx
(a) y = ln(x + c)
(b) y = ln(−ex + c)
(c) y = ln(e−x + c)
(d) y = ln(ex + c)

(23) The equation y 2 = cx constitutes an implicit general solution to the ODE given by

(a) xy 0 = 2y
(b) yy 0 = 2x
(c) 2xy 0 = y

2
 (d) 2yy 0 = x
dy y
(24) The general solution to + = x2 has the form
dx x
x2 c
(a) y 2 = +
4 x
x3 c
(b) y = +
4 x
x2 c
(c) y = + 2
4 x
x3
(d) y = +c
4
dy 3
(25) The general solution to =√ has the form
dx 2x + 7
√
(a) y = 3 2x + 7 + c
3
(b) y = √ +c
2x + 7
√
(c) y = 6x + 14 + c
1
(d) y = √ +c
6x + 14
dy
(26) The general solution to + 2xy = 2x has the form
dx
2
(a) y = 1 + cex
(b) y = 1 + ce−x
2
(c) y = (1 + c)e−x
2
(d) y = (1 + c)ex
dy
(27) The general solution to x2 − 2xy = 3 has the form
dx
3 c
(a) y = + 2
2 x
3 c
(b) y = − + 2
2 x
1
(c) y = + cx2
x
1
(d) y = − + cx2
x
dy
(28) The solution to = 3x2 + 9 satisfying y(1) = 2 is given by
dx
(a) y = x3 + 9x − 8
(b) y = x2 + 9 − 8x
(c) y = x2 + 9x − 8
(d) y = x3 + 9 − 8x
dy
(29) The general solution to 3x + y = 12x is given by
dx

3
 (a) y = 3x + c
(b) y = 3x + cx1/3
(c) y = 3x + cx−1/3
3
(d) y = + c
x
(30) The general solution to y 4 dx + 4xy 3 dy = 0 is given by

(a) y = cx−1/4
(b) y = cx1/4
(c) y = x−1/4 + c
(d) y = x1/4 + c

(31) Classify the differential equations according to type (i.e. ODE or PDE) and order. Also
find its degree (if it exists).

(a) y 000 + 4y = 2
d3 y dy
(b) 3
+ + (cos2 x)y = x3
dx dx
 3
dy d2 y
(c) = 2 +1
dx dx
(d) (y 0 )2 − 3y = ex
s  2
2
d y dy
(e) = 1+
dx2 dx
d2 y
 
dy
(f) 2
= cos
dx dx
(32) Classify the following differential equations as linear or nonlinear.
dy 1
(a) =
dx 2x + y
(b) 3yy 00 + 5y 0 + 7xy = 0
(c) y 00 − yy 0 = 2x
(d) (y 0 )2 − 3y = ex

(33) In each of the following cases, eliminate the constants c1 and c2 among y, y 0 and y 00 to find
the differential equation satisfied by the given family of functions.

(a) y = c1 x + c2 x2
(b) y = c1 ex + c2 e−x
(c) y = (c1 + c2 x)ex
(d) y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x
(e) y = c1 cosh x + c2 sinh x
(f) y = c1 x + c2 sin x

(34) Verify that the given general solution satisfies the differential equation. Then find the
particular solution that satisfies the initial condition.

(a) y 0 + 2y = 0; y = ce−2x , y(0) = 3

(b) x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 + 3y = 0, y = c1 x + c2 x3 , y(2) = 0, y 0 (2) = 4

4
 1
(c) xy 00 + y 0 = 0, y = c + c1 ln x, y(2) = 0, y 0 (2) =
2
(35) Show that the following first order ODEs are Separable. Then find their solutions.
dy xy 2 − x
(a) =
dx y
y2 + 1
(b) (y ln x)y 0 =
x
dy
(c) (1 + x2 ) tan−1 x +y =0
dx
dy
(d) = xex+y
dx
dy
(e) (xy + y) = x − xy
dx
(f) (2xy 3 + 4x)y 0 = (xy)2 + y 2

(36) Show that the equation y 0 = f (x, y) is homogeneous if f (x, y) is such that f (x, tx) = f (1, t),
where t is a real parameter. Use this fact to determine whether each of the following
equations is homogeneous.
x3 + xy + y 3
(a) y 0 =
x2 y + xy 2
x+y
(b) y 0 = ln x − ln y +
x−y
y
(c) y 0 = p
x + 3xy + 2y 2
2

(37) Determine whether or not each of the following differential equations is homogeneous. If
so, find the general solution.
dy x+y
(a) =
dx 2x
(b) (2x + y)dx − ydy = 0
dy y 3 + 2xy
(c) =
dx x2
dy 2
x +2
(d) =
dx 3y 2
dy 2y − x
(e) =
dx 2x − y
(f) (xy)dx + (y 2 − x2 )dy = 0

(38) Solve the following non-homogeneous first order ODEs. (Hint: Consider a preliminary
substitution x = X − h, y = Y − k. Choose the constants h and k so that the equation is
homogeneous in the variables X and Y .)
dy x−y+4
(a) =
dx x+y−6
dy 2y − x + 5
(b) =
dx 2x − y − 4
dy 4x + 3y + 15
(c) =
dx 2x + y + 7
(39) Test whether the ODEs are exact and solve those that are.

5
 dy
(a) (2x + 3) + (2y − 3) =0
dx
(b) ydx + xdy = 0
(c) (xy + 1)dx + (xy − 1)dy = 0
(d) (x − y)dx + (x + y)dy = 0
(e) (t2 + x2 )dt + (2tx − x)dx = 0
(f) (1 − 2xy)dx + (4y 3 − x2 )dy = 0
(g) sin t cos xdt − sin x cos tdx = 0

(40) Find the value of b for which the given equation is exact, and then solve it using that value
of b.

(a) (xy 2 + bx2 y)dx + (x + y)x2 dy = 0

(b) (ye2xy + x)dx + bxe2xy dy = 0

(41) Show that the differential equation (axy 2 + by)dx + (bx2 y + ax)dy = 0 is exact if a = b. If
a 6= b, show that µ(x, y) = xm y n is the integrating factor, where
2b + a 2a + b
m=− , n=−
a+b a+b

(42) Find a value of k, if possible, such that each of the following ODE is everywhere exact.

(a) (xy 2 + kx2 y + x3 )dx + (x3 + x2 y + y 2 )dy = 0

(b) (ye3xy + 2x + (kxe2xy − 2y)y 0 ) = 0

(43) Find all functions g such that the differential equation g(y)ey + xyy 0 = 0 is everywhere
exact.

(44) Using the given integrating factor µ(x, y), find the general solution of the ODEs.

(a) (4x2 y + 2y 2 )dx + (3x2 + 4xy)dy = 0, µ(x, y) = xy 2

(b) (3y 2 + 5x2 y)dx + (3xy + 2x3 )dy = 0, µ(x, y) = x2 y
1
(c) −y 3 dx + (x2 − x2 )dy = 0, µ(x, y) =
(xy)2
(45) Find an appropriate integrating factor for each ODE and solve.
dy
(a) (3xy + y 2 ) + (x2 + xy) =0
dx
(b) xdy + (2y − 4x2 )dx = 0
(c) ydx + (1 − x)dy = 0
(d) (y + x4 y 2 )dx + xdy = 0
(e) (y 2 − y)dx + xdy = 0
(f) ydx + 3xdy = 0

(46) Solve the following second order homogeneous ODEs.

(a) y 00 + y 0 − 6y = 0
(b) y 00 + 6y 0 + 9y = 0
(c) 4y 00 + 12y 0 + 9y = 0
(d) y 00 − 6y 0 + 13y = 0

6
(47) Solve each of the following Initial Value Problem (IVP).

(a) 2y 00 + 5y 0 + 3y = 0, y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 4

(b) y 00 + 12y 0 + 36y = 0, y(1) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
(c) y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = 0, y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = 1
(d) 4y 00 + 4y 0 + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = −3

(48) Solve each of the following Boundary Value Problem (BVP).

(a) y 00 + 6y 0 + 9y = 0, y(0) = 1, y(1) = 0

(b) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(3) = 0
(c) 4y 00 + y = 0, y(0) = 3, y(π) = −4

Additional Problems:
dy
• Solve the initial value problem x + y = 2x
dx
• Differentiate between general and particular solution of a differential equation. Hence
1
show that f (x) = is a solution of the equation
1 + x2

d2 y dy
(1 + x2 ) 2
+ 4x + 2y = 0
dx dx

• Determine the independent and dependent variables and hence state the order, degree,
and linearity of the differential equation.
4
d3 x

dx
+ − 3xy = y 2
dy 3 dy

• Show that f (xy) = xy is an integrating factor for the differential equation

(3xy − 6y 2 )dx + (2x2 − 9xy)dy = 0

• Use method of variation of parameter to solve the differential equation

d2 y dy
2
− = sin 2x
dx dx

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5

1–3, 16–18 and 31 4–6, 19–21 and 32 7–9, 22–24 and 34 10–12, 25–27 and 35 13–15, 28–30 and 37

NB: There rest questions are for your practice.