Writing Skills

UNIT 4
Translation
1. Translation Practice: Translation, Transliteration, and Trans-creation: Concept, forms, and manifestations
2. The location, scope and significance of translation in Indian media
3. Process of translation from English to Hindi and vice versa

What is Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language
text. According to [Link] Saraf and [Link] the word translate means to change into another language;
what has been said in one language goes into another language. In Latin language, ‘Trans’ means ‘beyond’, ‘across’
means ‘to carry’. So, translation means ‘carrying from one language into another’. The process of translation is both
complex and synthetic because the translator is bound by the content of language as well as style and cannot take
much liberty even while attempting to express in other language words.
• As per Oxford Dictionary, translation is “the process of changing words or text from one language to another
where grammatical correctness and accuracy holds significance”.
• Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source language text by means of an equivalent target
language text.
• The English word translation has been derived from the Latin word translation, which itself comes from trans- and
latum together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across.
• So, it is the business of carrying across a message/written content from one text to another, from one person to
another and from one language (source language) to a different language (target language).
• It is an interpretative process and depends on nature of document.
• Translation of a technical or promotional document is easier and requires less skill and expertise than the
translation of a text of literature.
• Translation is a mental activity in which a meaning of given linguistic discourse is rendered from one language to
another. It is the act of transferring the linguistic entities from one language in to their equivalents in to another
language.

Elements of translation
The elements of translation comprise of:
1. Target-oriented phrases
 Author should express and then re-express, with appropriate phrase.
 Don’t try to make translation word for word
 Each of the term in original language gets translated consistently into the appropriate term in the target
language
 Use commonly used words to make the fundamental meaning which is agreeable with the original word
almost perfectly
2. Proper devices on the stylistic level
 Use active voice, which is easier to understand
 Grasp the soul of text thoroughly and firmly
 Unity and variety are two aspects. Unity refers to a kind of decoration through wisdom’s custom and language,
whereas variety refers to a kind of deviation to unity and break away from custom. Unity is a general rule to be
obeyed for all text in an article; it is on the base of unity that the target words can vary.
3. Faithfulness to the original text
 Avoid ambiguity. A translator needs to understand precisely, in order to translate it correctly.
 There should be no defects in the source material as any error in the source material is compounded when
translated into multiple languages.

Need of Translation
• If you are a journalist working in a multilingual society, you may have to work in more than one language.
Whether you gather the information in one language and write the story in another, or whether you write a
story first in one language and then rewrite in another language, you face the task of translation.
• However, if you have a good command of both languages and follow a few simple rules, translation should not
be difficult.

Principles of Translation
1. Beware of false friends
 These are words or phrases from original source language which are retained in the translation, often because
the correct translation cannot be thought of. But if you can’t, how will the reader understand?
 If can’t think of a word in language of target audience, then you can use phrases.
 Refer colleagues or consult experts if you are facing problem to translate.
 If a journalist is working in a small language community, then the word use can become standard usage (that
people generally accept as normal and correct).
 Some foreign words like ‘computer’ can creep into other languages and eventually be understood by all.
 Problem arises in time between when the foreign word is first introduces and is being understood by all.
 In this case, use the word untranslated and explain it later.
 For example: The provincial government is to buy computers for each of its local offices. The computers are
machines which will help office staff to keep accounts, write letters and do other jobs.
2. Careful use of dictionaries
 Don’t use words in isolation, refer to the context, understand meaning and do contextual translation.
 Use a bilingual dictionary, but be careful with translating individual words as there is more than one
translation of a word.
 Ex- ‘skip’ has several meanings, to move lightly, especially by jumping from one foot to another; to omit or
leave something out; to deal with something quickly and without much thought; a large container for
transporting building materials, especially waste. It can even be short for "skipper", the captain of a ship or
sports team.
 You can see that using the wrong translation of ‘skip’ could have some unfortunate results.
3. Writing style
 No need to be an expert in linguistic to be able to translate well.
 Hear the sentence in target language in your head and you’ll see if the sentences sound corrects.
 Don’t try to copy the word order or grammar from source language. See if it fits in the target language also or
not.
 Not mandatory to use all the words from your source language if not required in the target language
 For ex- the ship sank lower in the water. But in some other language, words like lower in the water may be
unnecessary as the idea of water is there with other words.
 Also, don’t be afraid to use more words in translation that in source language.
 Although, it is recommended to keep it crisp, but the ideas should be communicated with utmost clarity.
4. Accuracy
 Some languages are more accurate than others.
 Language groups in Papua New Guinea have more than 10 different words for varieties of sweet potato.
 In Canada, people have different words for 20 different things, which we in English just call ‘snow’.
 The blurriness of some words in English may not be acceptable in other languages. For ex: in English we can
write ‘Doctor Smith’, but in Chinese we need to know about the gender too to translate ‘Doctor’.
5. Names and titles
 There is still a debate whether names and titles should be translated or not. For ex. ‘English Department’
should be translated to ‘office for schools?
 In this case, the organization should have a policy, as it depends how the rest of the community uses the
term.
 A large, hard-bound book for news desk can be provided thumb indexed a-z down the side, can be called
Translation Style Guide.
 Media houses can get hard bound book for usage of such words.
 Can deal with it by being aware of how the same language is being used in different areas, the usage can even
change in motherland. Eg. French.
 So, constantly refresh your understanding and keep yourself up-to-date to understand the language.
6. Translation during news gathering
 Your work may involve interviewing in one language and writing story in another language.
  Ex- you may have to interview a villager for an English newspaper.
 The best way is to conduct the interview in villager’s language and make your notes in that language too. This
will help you make changes or clear your doubts in villager’s language.
 If you don’t know to write the source language, then you can listen to it and translate in your own language
when taking notes itself. It is better to write even tiny things in that case.
 Reporters for print as well as electronic media should take tape recorders with them and cross check later with
notes to avoid any discrepancy. Can ask villager to slow down too.
 When having to translate the story twice, refer to original notes only.

Types of Translations:
1. Word to word or factual translation- (Faithful Translation)- In this category of translation the emphasis is laid on
each word and every expressed term of original language so that the translation of every word and term in target
language can communicate the meaning and feeling of original language. A replacement of every word is done in the
target language and the order of words remain the same as in the source language. The translator cannot ignore any
expressed term of original text and also he cannot add anything extra on his own. The nature of two languages is
different, so is word to word translation
 TL (Target language) tries to meet SL (Source language) as closely as possible as true word for word translation
is very difficult.
 Often has chances of mistranslation. Eg. Google translator.
2. Literal (meaning based) translation- This kind of translation faithfully delivers the text of the source language into
the target language. Literal translation is the real translation; some scholars call it substitution because they feel that
exact translation of the meaning of the original text is an impossible task. No two languages have exactly similar
structures. However, the structure of translation can be to keep close to the structure of the original text. Different
languages have different ways of putting together words to make sentences. The translator analyses the symbols,
then replaces them by the symbols in the target language. Finally he changes this material according to the structure
of the target language of the group for which he has made the translation.
This type of translation is suitable for those texts which have more information content. When faithfulness to the
authors meaning is essential, then literal translation is undertaken. A literary translation is the translation of
literature such as novels, poems, and plays. The translation of literary works is considered by many as one of the
highest form of translation as it involves so much more than simply translating text. A literary translator must be
capable of also translating feelings, cultural nuances, humour and other subtle elements of a piece of work.
 Translating text from one language to another, with or without conveying the sense of original.
 Involves translating each word separately.
 No addition or deletion of words, word to word
 A literal English translation of the German word "Kindergarten" would be "children garden," but in English the
expression refers to the school year between pre-school and first grade.
3. Summarized translation - This translation refers to the essence of meaning of original text or language. it is based
on the principle that the concept or the message is more important than the words. Translator has to lay more
emphasis on the communication of message. Conceptual translation is generally a shorter translation. It is shorter in
structural length than the message in the original text.
In this category of translation, speeches, symposiums and parliament’s debate are presented through translation of
original language-text. In this type of translation, there is easiness, clarity and simplicity.
Ex: kripya bus mein cigarette, bidi ityadi na piyen.
Please do not smoke cigarette, bidi etc in the bus.
Conceptual translation: No smoking.
Translation is concise, based on the concept of prohibiting an activity of smoking.
The main reason for shortening of the text is the structural form of target language. The sentence structure in the
target language may sometimes demand the omission of a word expression. Else sentence appears to be incorrect. .(
Abridged Translation)
Ex: Whose suitcase is this?
That is Indu”s.
Her’s is very heavy.
She always brings a lot of things with her.
 Word ‘suitcase’ has been omitted from the translation of the sentence. Irrelevant information is also removed.
 It allows the readers to understand the key points of the original document. Ex. to merger and acquisition
transactions, or litigation discoveries.
 Often used for large volumes of material that is examined for relevance, and hence only the summary is
translated as it is cost effective.
 Also useful where turn around time is very tight
 A professional translator reads a document to assess important points, then summarize and translate it to
target language.
 It helps the reader get essential understanding of the text.
4. Free translation
 A free translation is a translation that preserves the meaning of original but uses natural form of target
language, includes normal word order.
 It is idiomatic translation (specific to particular style)
 Can add or delete words too.
 Ex. French idiom “Chercher midi à quatorze heures” Word-to-word meaning is “to look for midday at 2pm,”
Free translation-“to over complicate things”.
5. Translation based on appropriate reference
 Translators should pay special attention to differences between two cultures in their languages.
 Should include words in target language that contain important cultural references. A few techniques to do so
are:
o Adaptation: Words from source language can be used such as chai instead of tea, as internationally,
tea refers to milk-less black tea and not the milk-based sweet concoction available in India.
o Substitution: Here the source words can be replaced with similar meaning words.
o (The target expression must not be borrowed from any other language)
o Definition: Instead of using a word with different meaning, you can use a definition of the word in
target language.
o Omission: This is the least desirable option and can be done when you believe that the translation
would confuse the reader.
6. Translating according to pronunciation - In this category, the translation of words and sentences is done as it is
from the source language (original language-text).
For example; if we use the word ‘corruption’, its translation in Hindi would be ‘करप्शन’ or when we use the whole
sentence like, “The army moves steadily”, its translation in Hindi would be “आर्मी र्मूव्स स्टीडिली”.
In the same way, if we use the word in Hindi language, ‘अनुभव’ it’s translation would be ‘Anubhav’ and when we
use the sentence in Hindi like, “आज का युग र्मीडिया का युग है” it translation would be “Aaj ka yug media ka
yug hai”. .
 Translator can simply form a new word copying the pronunciation of a specific word in a source language.
 Like the word rendezvous remains rendezvous. It is not translated as its meaning is acceptable. Same for
words like cliché, amour, touché etc.
7. Paraphrasing translation (using synonyms)
 Paraphrasing is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words.
 It is different from translation as translation is done in a different language, but paraphrasing is clarifying the
meaning in the same language.
 For example: Synonyms for ‘say’-‘utter’, ‘articulate’, ‘voice’, ‘state’, ‘mention’, ‘murmur’, and ‘whisper’.
 One day, when I paid a visit to John, he said that I should have gone more often to his house. I ignored what he
had uttered because whenever I wanted to voice my opinion against, we will be engaging in verbal war. Thus, I
usually mention this to my wife in the hope that she will excuse me for not visiting her cousin. My better half
loves to whisper to me when we talk in public and sometimes, I miss most of what she has murmured. She will
feel offended and give me her cold shoulder there and then until I offer my apologies to her.

Transliteration
• Transliteration means representation of words and phrases of one language by the alphabets of another keeping
their pronunciation intact.
• In simple words, transliteration is to represent or spell in the characters of another alphabet.
• The language, grammar, and sense of original text remains intact in the new characters.
*Common in social media.

Comparison between translation and transliteration:

Both have a source language and target language.
Translation: It means transferring meaning between different languages
Transliteration: It means converting characters between scripts

When is transliteration used?

• Your names
• Restaurant menus also use transliteration.
• Additional places include libraries where transliteration allows people to perform searches for content in different
writing systems; the academic world especially in research papers; and in our everyday language.
Words like karate (Japanese) and pajamas (Urdu) were borrowed by the English language and transliterated from their
original text into the Latin alphabet.

Transcreation:
• Transcreation is especially a transformation of a global message including the written content, images and visual
designs. As a result of transcreation, the new audience feel similar to original audience.
• It is a term used chiefly by advertising and marketing professionals to refer to the process of adapting a message
from one language to another, while maintaining its intent, style, tone, and context.
• A successfully trans created message evokes the same emotions and carries the same implications in the target
language as it does in the source language.
• Increasingly, transcreation is used in global marketing and advertising campaigns as advertisers seek to transcend
the boundaries of culture and language.
• It also takes account of images which are used within a creative message, ensuring that they are suitable for the
target local market.
• Trans-creation is a relatively new term and its precise meaning is still being defined.

Examples of transcreation:l
1. Red Bull
• Why do people buy it? - It is selling an image of being extraordinary.
-In China, it made several adjustments to packaging+product
-not carbonated, sells in red, gold, and black, signifying luck, wealth and good fortune there.
2. McDonalds
• Adjusted its North American slogan from “I’m lovin’ it” to “I just like it” in China as love is extremely serious in
the language and rarely said aloud.

The location, scope and significance of translation in Indian media:

• 'Indian literature', 'Indian culture', 'Indian philosophy' and 'Indian knowledge systems' would have been impossible
in the absence of translations.
• India is a multilingual country with many languages and scripts, hence translation is very important here.
• Everyday communications are now bilingual if not multilingual.
• We keep translating almost unconsciously from our mothertongues when we converse with people who use a
language different from ours.
• Our first writers were also translators. Ex. Ramayana and Mahabharata. Indian literature is founded on free
translations.
th
• Up to 19 century, literature was only translations, adaptations, retellings and interpretations.

Role and scope of translation:

1. Translation has helped knit India together as a nation throughout history: Introduces us to diverse modes &
various regional cultures thus linking land and communities together.
2. Role in extending scope of language: You don’t only learn foreign literature, but philosophies like computer
science, nano-technology.
3. It strengthens democracy: By establishing equality between different languages by showing that text can be
translated in any language that is widely spoken and understood.
  Promotes growth of literature and knowledge: By translating masterpieces from other languages (Indian or
foreign), thereby enriching our own literatures.
 We also raise our writing standards especially when translating great masters of world literature like
Shakespeare, Valmiki, etc. Scope of translation
Translation and avenues of translators are constantly expanding.
 Many institutions across the world are dedicated to literary translation like Sahitya Akademi, National Book
Trust, regional literary associations and publishing houses, which translate foreign literature into Indian and
vice versa and need translators.
 As there is new interest of Indian literature abroad. Eg. Literature festivals from Berlin to Jaipur.
 Govt. of India has also launched a new mission Indian
Literature Abroad (ILA). Big publishing houses like Penguin, Macmillan are also promoting translated works.
 National Translation Mission is a GOI initiative to make knowledge texts accessible to all. translates textbooks
and classical works in areas like history, sociology, medicine, geography, etc. (knowledge translation)
 The GOI offers grants and fellowship to translators

Media translation:
• The print, electronic, visual and auditory media-newspapers, magazines, radio, television, cinema etc. need
plenty of translators from one language into another.
• Many media houses publish papers and journals or run television channels in several languages at the same time
and they need quick yet communicative translations of news, serials, film scripts and programmes. Dubbing and
subtitling are other areas.
• In this constantly changing world, it has become important to keep up with latest trend and that’s why
translation is important in media to formulate effective strategy.
• Multilingualism is something that should be seriously considered these days in business because it paves the
accurate direction to companies in foreign economy. Besides, it ensures that you are passing on accurate
message from one end to another.
• Media could be promotional, ad, informational, online and offline content, social media posts, mass media
campaign, etc. increase capability to reach more customers.

Importance of translation in journalism:

• News and journalism translation from one language to another is important for various journals, publications,
websites, and other media that specialize in both general and specific topics.
• Publishers of medical journals often need translators with specific knowledge or general medical terminology
knowledge, to provide medical journal translation from global sources.
Likewise with science, information technology, art and even fashion and design. Whether topics and niches are
specific or broad, news and journalism translation in any industry is important in order to stay informed and
relay industry news to professionals as well as the general public.

Significance of translation in media:

• To keep the brand valuable: Important because there’s is no room for any mistake when going global.
• In absence of translation, customers will either misunderstand or translate from free tools. It may pass on
incomplete information, lead to bad impression, etc.
• Influencing the customers: Huge cost involved in marketing and ads. Translation ensures efforts don’t go waste.
Many brands have failed as they couldn’t influence people in their native language. (Nokia Lumia)
• More presence among domestic players in other countries.
• Vital for multinationals
• External affairs of nation: Diplomacy is important when presenting ideas on situations arising in different parts of
world.
• Cultural interchange: Translated films on poverty in Brazilian states, plight of Palestine refugees, increases
recognition on world stage. Other translated forms can be music, literature, etc.
• To boost tourism
• Transfer of news: World events can only be transmitted accurately when correct information is received by
agencies. Eg. China ban international news agencies in local regions.
 Process of Translation:
The first thing to remember is that translation is the transfer of meaning from one language to another. It is not the
transfer of words from language to language. You must translate the meaning of what is being said, rather than do it
word-for-word. This is because languages are not just different words. Different languages also have different
grammar, different word order, sometimes even words for other languages do not have any equivalents. The English
spoken by a scientist may have words which a simple farmer cannot even start to imagine. And the farmer is likely to
have words for things that the technologist can never dream of. The process of translation involves the following
steps:
1. Source Material Perception:
Translator should consult grammar books and dictionary of the concerned language. To start the translating process,
translator must have a comprehensive understanding of the material of source language to be translated. He has to
understand the language structure and meaning of the subject. He should keep in mind time, conditions, sex, number
and context to understand the inner meaning of the words. The translator should take up translation work only after
full understanding of the original text of the source language.
2. Analysis of Text:
Translator should keep in mind the spoken, symbolical and ironical meanings of words. The whole grammatical context
should be applied in the structure of sentence while doing the translation work. The text of source language is divided
into units of references. Select the equivalent symbols in the process of translation. Many times, the meaning is in the
details. The translator analyses the matter of source language, keeping in view the grammatical structure, words,
choice of words, meaning and other features of source language, to understand the source message well. Many
experts have regarded grammar and word meaning as important factors in analyzing the original text. Often, one word
denotes many meanings; hence, a translator must give equal importance to the spoken, symbolical and ironical
meanings of the words.
3. Transfer of Language:
Translator should translate a word with a mind to use it in its proper form. After understanding the message and the
meaning of source language, the translator transfers it into target language. The meaning aspect and grammatical
form should be in harmony in it. A translator translates a word with a mind to use it in its proper phrase-logical,
symbolical and idiomatic meaning. This is the actual translation process.
4. Revision of Translated Text
Translator finally revises the translated text into target language from point of view of grammar, sweetness in hearing,
natural ease and softness. At this point he has to check that translated text is not out of context and that it should not
look odd. The translator, keeping in mind the natural style of target language, restructures the transferred meaning of
the source language into target language which should look natural. It is necessary to revise the transfer of language
from source language into target language. Under revision keen observation of the translated material for genuineness
is undertaken of source material.
5. Co-ordination
The language of translated material should be easy, simple and fluent. Coordination of transferred language is also
essential. After determining the true meaning of source language text, the translator looks for its ‘synonymous natural
meaning’ in target language. Here, synonym words refer to same natural meaning words and the nature of target
language alongwith the construction of sentences and arrangement of language. In translation, there is emphasis on
the selection of right word, the strength of word and quality of word also. Translated material should not be a copy of
source language.
To consider this process of translation and media in the perspective of grammar we see that translation is such a
process which has become a subject of research for scholars who try to find out the essence of its basic form.
6. Comparison of source language with original text:
Comparison is essential particularly for those subjects in which authencity are expected. Comparison is essential for
subjects like legal, natural science, social sciences, literature, technology and astrology. Unless the translator
establishes harmony with the circumstances and the personality of the original writer’s times, he cannot do justice
with translation. Generally, translation means transfer of the symbolical meaning of source language into the same
meaning of target language.
In the modern age, translation process is establishing new norms and passing through double role with its changing
elements. In such a process of translation on the one end we have the author of source language and on the other end
stands the recreator of target language, as translator. On the basis of his social and cultural experience the translator
receives and comprehends the referred symbolic material.
Translator expert, ‘Sasyur’ has given view that a language unit should come into contact with two languages in the
process of translation and he regards this unit as pieces of chess board consisting of inner and outer value. Certainly, a
language unit is not only a mirror which reflects the outer personality of the writer but it is like the food prepared with
proportionate spices served by the affection and skill of the housewife. Translation of such a linguistic unit is really
very difficult.
To conclude, we can say that the whole process of linguistic expression goes on till it conveys the original message and
sentiments to its target.
This translation process becomes inseparable part of media translation. Media translation takes the form of visual and
sentimental picture, where music, sound and light give it a new meaning. Translation process has brought remarkable
changes in the modern media translation by transferring feelings and sensitiveness into the process. When translation
is conveyed through media, its changed form becomes more sentimental.

Problems faced in translation process:

• Translation is a difficult activity. Translators can face additional problems:
• Problems with the source text:
 Changes made to the text during the translation process
 Illegible text
 Misspelled or misprinted text
 Incomplete text
 Poorly written text
 Missing references in the text (for example the translator is to translate captions to missing photos)
 The source text contains a translation of a quotation that was originally made in the target language, and the
original text is unavailable, making word-for-word quoting nearly impossible
 Obvious inaccuracies in the source text (for example
"prehistoric Buddhist ruins", when Buddhism was not founded during prehistoric times)
• Language problems
 Dialect terms and neologisms (new coined terms)
 Unexplained acronyms and abbreviations
 Jargon
• Other
 Rhymes, puns, etc.
 Highly specific cultural references
 Subtle but important properties of language such as euphony
Points to be kept in mind while doing translation:
1. Don’t Opinionate: We should never be opinionate while translation, means whenever you are translation
something just writes it as it is saying. Do not put your opinion about the matter or topic.
2. KISS Rule: KISS stands for keep it simple and short. While translation we should keep the content simple and
short so that reader can easily read and understand.
3. Maintaining Originality: When we write a piece or do translation, we should always remember about
originality of content. Never avoid the originality of issue. Either it belongs to the person, place, thing or a related to
the any subject, just put down as it is.
Responsibilities of a good translator:
1. Faithfulness to the original text and the author
2. Good research skills: Should have thorough knowledge of the subject that s/he is dealing with; should be an
excellent writer with good research and language skills
3. Using the right tools: Good monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-dictionaries, glossaries of
technical and standard works, etc.
4. Focus on creativity: Write content in a new and attractive way to make it acceptable.
5. Focus on reading as an important pre-requisite: Read materials in both the languages thoroughly.
6. Giving a finishing touch: Go through the document a few times, make changes if any, check if the message is as
per the audience.
Nature of Translation and its relation with Media /Journalism
To comprehend and understand the mutual relationship between media and translation, it is better to look at the
nature of translation on the linguistic basis. It is believed that the ideas and feelings that are communicated through
various aspects of translation exist in the source language in the form of facts. But, when it takes the form of linguistic
translation with music and pictures, it becomes more effective in the modern form.
The nature of translation has to be understood before understanding media.
Translation has its own importance, like the original writing, because the readers enjoy the translation in the same
manner as they enjoy the original. It is a fact that it needs efficiency in translation as well. The unity of the source
language and of the target language is important in whose absence the definition would make little sense.
Translation is related with language. Language has a scientific system. Therefore, it is essential for a translator to be an
expert linguist. Language means, the medium through which man expresses his ideas and feelings.
Translation is capable of communicating the spirit of source text and the lingual difference fades away. Thus it is a
creative art.
In the context of translation and media, we find that this form has become modern. The new definition of translation
presents translation in its new form.
Translation has become a new medium of communicative form of language combined with visuals and music.
However, it is difficult to be unanimous about the nature of translation in the changing perspective of translation and
media, yet [Link] Das commented on the nature and scope of translation, that basically, translation can be
defined in two contexts: vast and limited. In the vast sense, symbolic meaning and the symbol itself make the BJ(MC)
complexity of translation easy, when a word becomes a convention in a specific meaning, it is called symbol. Symbols
are visuals and carry definite meaning. Dr Goswami specifies that phonetics has an important place in translation. Dr.
Bhola Nath Tiwari has said that translation is an attempt to express one’s ideas from one language to another with all
possible honour and ease to both the languages.
A new shape of translation has evolved through various means of media and broadcasts. The new role of translation
through media means that it communicates new ideas. Today media has made translation so significant and
interesting that it has become a part and parcel of media industry.
Thus, the language of translation passes through different processes and the forms of expression are all the time new
and symbolic. They acquire quite different nature from the classical forms of language.
For example, if we discuss various aspects of translation through different channels of media and mass
communication, we find that lingual translation has become a popular regional translation in radio. We can see it in
different forms through films, which present the translation of a language giving priority to visual imagery and leave
the conventional verbatim translation far behind.
Media and translation has practical utility and language used in media alongwith visionary form is becoming popular.