Part A – Marginal Probabilities
1. Probability that the selected student is a First Year student
P (First Year) = 150/450 = 1/3 = 0.3333
Answer: 1/3 ≈ 0.3333
2. Probability that the selected student is a Third Year student
P (Third Year) = 150/450 = 1/3=0.3333
Answer: 1/3 ≈ 0.3333
3. Probability that the selected student travels by bus
P (Bus) = 140/450 = 14/45 = 0.3111
Answer: 14/45 ≈ 0.3111
4. Probability that the selected student travels by bicycle
P (Bicycle) = 80/450 = 8/45 = 0.1778
Answer: 8/45 ≈ 0.1778
Part B – Joint Probabilities
5. Probability that the student is Second Year and travels by car
P (Second Year∩Car) = 50/450 = 1/9 = 0.1111
Answer: 1/9 ≈ 0.1111
6. Probability that the student is First Year and walks
P (First Year∩Walk) = 35/450 = 7/90 = 0.0778
Answer: 7/90 ≈ 0.0778
7. Probability that the student is Third Year and rides a bicycle
P (Third Year∩Bicycle) = 35/450 = 7/90 = 0.0778
Answer: 7/90 ≈ 0.0778
Part C – Addition Rule
Use P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A∩B)
8. First Year or Bus = 150 + 140 − 55/450 = 235/450 = 47/90 = 0.5222
Answer: 47/90 ≈ 0.5222
9. Second Year or Bicycle = 150 + 80 – 25/450 = 205/450= 41/90 = 0.4556
Answer: 41/90 ≈ 0.4556
10. Third Year or Car =150 + 150 – 60/450 = 240/450 = 8/15 =0.5333
Answer: 8/15 ≈ 0.5333
11. First Year or Walk =150 + 80 – 35/450 = 195/450 = 13/30 = 0.4333
Answer: 13/30 ≈ 0.4333
Part D – Conditional Probability
Use P(A∣B) = P(A∩B) / P(B)
12. Second Year given Bus = 45/140 = 9/28 = 0.3214
Answer: 9/28 ≈ 0.3214
13. Bicycle given Third Year =35/150 = 7/30 = 0.2333
Answer: 7/30 ≈ 0.2333
14. First Year given Car = 40/150 = 4/15 = 0.2667
Answer: 4/15 ≈ 0.2667
15. Second Year given Walk = 30/80 = 3/8 = 0.375
Answer: 3/8 = 0.375
16. Bus given First Year = 55/150 = 11/30 = 0.3667
Answer: 11/30 ≈ 0.3667
Part E – Complement Rule
17. Not Third Year: 1−150/450 = 300/450 = 2/3 = 0.66671
Answer: 2/3 ≈ 0.6667
18. Does not travel by Car: 1−150/450 = 2/3 = 0.66671
Answer: 2/3 ≈ 0.6667
19. Neither First Year nor Bicycle
This means not First Year AND not Bicycle. Students satisfying this:
• Second Year (Car, Bus, Walk): 50 + 45 + 30 = 125
• Third Year (Car, Bus, Walk): 60 + 40 + 15 = 115
Therefore, P = 240/ 450 = 8/15 = 0.5333
Answer: 8/15 ≈ 0.5333
20. Neither Second Year nor Bus
Students satisfying this:
• First Year (Car, Bicycle, Walk): 40 + 20 + 35 = 95
• Third Year (Car, Bicycle, Walk): 60 + 35 + 15 = 110
Hence, P = 205/450 = 41/90 = 0.4556
Answer: 41/90 ≈ 0.4556
Part F – Independence
Two events are independent if P(A∩B) = P(A) * P(B)
21. First Year and Bus
P(A) = 150/450 = 1/3
P(B)=140/450=14/45
P(A∩B) = 55/450 = 11/90
Now, P(A) * P(B) = 13×14/45 = 14/135 ≈ 0.1037
P(A∩B) = 11/90 ≈ 0.1222
Since 0.1222 ≠ 0.1037 the events are not independent.
Answer: Dependent events
22. Third Year and Car
P(A) = 1/3
P(A∩B) = 60/450 = 2/15 = 0.1333
Compute
P(A) * P(B) = 1/3 × 1/3 = 1/9 = 0.1111
Since 0.1333 ≠ 0.1111 the events are not independent.
Answer: Dependent events
23. Second Year and Walk
P(A) = 1/
P(B) = 80/450 = 8/45
P(A∩B) = 30/450 = 1/15 = 0.0667
Compute
P(A) * P(B) = 1/3 × 8/45 = 8/135 ≈ 0.0593
Since 0.0667 ≠ 0.0593 the events are not independent.
Answer: Dependent events