Mother: ‘‘My son has been so different [Link]’s not the same.
Maybe he’s been facing a problem that I don’t know’’
(+ past participle)
ĜBŊBThe surgery m ust hav e been difficult. They were in the O.R . for 6 hours.
(+ past participle)
ĜBŊBThere is a chance th at th e doctors might hav e misdiagnosed his d isease.
(+ past participle)
Ĝ BŊ B I s h o u ld h a v e g o n e t o t h e d e n t i s t a s s o o n I s u s p e c t e d I h a d a c a v i t y .
( W h y d i d n ’ t I g o ? N o w I ’ l l h a v e to h a v e r o o t c a n a l w o r k d o n e ! ) .
A. Complete the sentences about the situation given with the verb in parentheses and a past modal form.
A little boy is crying, holding a dog leash.
[Link] _________________________ his dog. (lose)
[Link] _________________________ happy to lose him. (be)
[Link] _________________________ to close the gate. (forget)
[Link] _________________________ more careful. (be)
[Link] _________________________ the gate open, because he knew his dog would run away. (leave)
B. Modals of deduction -Using CAN’T HAVE, MUST HAVE
Choose the best answer to explain these given situations.
1. The coat you bought is of very good quality.
a) It must have been very expensive.
b) It can't have been very expensive
2. My friend Christine walked past me without speaking.
a) She must have seen me.
b) She can't have seen me.
3. The phone rang but I didn't hear it.
a) I must have been asleep.
b) I can't have been asleep.
4. I haven't seen our neighbours for ages.
a) They must have gone away.
b) They can't have gone away.
5. I can't find my mobile phone.
a) I can't have left it in the restaurant we had dinner at last evening.
b) I must have left it in the restaurant we had dinner at last evening.
6. Dan passed his exams with excellent grades, despite not having prepared for it.
a) The exam must have been very difficult.
b) The exam can't have been very difficult.
7. The police knew every detail of their phone conversation.
a) They can't have done some wiretapping.
b) They must have done some wiretapping.
8. Christie did the opposite of what I asked her to do.
a) She can't have understood what I said.
b) She must have understood what I said.
9. When I got home last evening, I found my door smashed.
a) Someone can't have broken in.
b) Someone must have broken in.
C. Complete using Should have / Shouldn’t have.
1. I should _______________ her what was happening but I forgot.
2. They ______________________________ that their guests don't eat pork
3. She________________________her work. How is she gonna pay her bills?
4. He shouldn't _____________ argued to his boss. His boss is so furious at him.
5. I____________________ shouted at you. I apologise.
6. We___________________ the office so late. We should have anticipated this bad traffic.
D. Complete using May have, might have, can have, could have.
1. We __________________________(drink) a lot ‘cause, my head hurts and I have this terrible hang over.
2. They ________________________(finish) the project last week. But they stayed at home.
3. He ______________________.(die) But they rescued him.
4. He ______________________(win) the [Link] was holding something that looked like a medal.
5. She_____________________(break up) with her [Link]’s been crying for hours