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Dna

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are categorized into purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine), with DNA containing deoxyribose sugar and RNA containing ribose sugar. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides, with complementary base pairing stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

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1 views2 pages

Dna

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are categorized into purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine), with DNA containing deoxyribose sugar and RNA containing ribose sugar. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides, with complementary base pairing stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

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avaneethas07
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DNA is build with Nucleotides.

The imp components of nucleotides are:

1. Nitrogenous base
2. Pentose sugar(5 carbon sugar)
3. Phosphate group

Nitrogenous base can be :

1. Purines => Adenine / Guanine


2. Pyramidines => Cytosine / Thymine

Purines have double ringed structure with a 6 membered ring fused to 5 membered ring &
Pyramidines have single six membered ring structure.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose and in RNA it is ribose.

Phosphate makes DNA and RNA acidic. It is attached to the 5’ C of sugar through the formation of
ester linkage between phosphoric acid and 5’-OH group.

Ester linkage => bond formed between an acid and an alcohol.

In DNA nucleotides, the 3’C of the sugar is attached to a hydroxyl (OH) group.

In RNA, the 2’C of the sugar is attached to OH grp. The base is attached to the 1’C of the sugar.

The nucleotide combines with each other to form PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS. The phosphate residue
attached to the 5’C of the sugar of one nucleotide forms a double ester linkage with the OH of 3’C of
the sugar of the next nucleotide, forming a 5’-3’ phosphodiester bond.

A base attached to a 5 carbon sugar => NUCLEOSIDE

When 1,2/3 PHOSPHATE grp attach to a nucleoside => NUCLEOTIDE

James Watson & Thomas Crick based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins &
Rosalind Franklin proposed the double helical model of DNA => it is made of 2 strands twisted
around each other in a right handed model.

Base pairing happens between purines and pyramidines in opposite strands: Adenine with Thymine
and Cytosine with Guanine => Complementary Base Pairs.

BP are stabilised by hydrogen bonds A & T with 2H bonds and C & G with 3H bonds.

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