Foundation
Semester 1
S. Credit
Name of the Subject Nature Hours
No s
1 Elements & Principles of Design T 3 45
2 Observational Drawing & Visualization P 3 90
3 Material Exploration P 3 90
4 Geometry and Technical Drawing P 2 60
5 Art & Design Appreciation (Theory) T 2 30
6 Professional English & Communication T 2 30
Design Communication & Presentation (storytelling, Media,
7 P 2 60
Photography, Videography)
8 Semester Project (incl. Ergonomics) P 2 60
Total 19 465
Course Name: Geometry and Technical Drawing
Subject Credits Theory Practical Tutorial (Self- Studio/ Total
code learning) Module Hrs
2 4 0 0 4x 15
=60
Subject Mr. Mohammed Gofran/ Subject
Author Mr. Ishwar Singh Teachers
2. Course Description
The course introduces geometric principles and technical drawing methods, including geometric
patterns, tessellations, orthographic projections, and isometric views. Students develop precision,
spatial understanding, and drafting skills through structured exercises, enabling accurate
representation of three-dimensional forms on two-dimensional surfaces for design visualization
and technical communication.
3. Course Objectives (COs)
CO1: To introduce basic geometric constructions and patterns
CO2: To develop precision and accuracy in technical drawing
CO3: To understand projection systems and spatial representation
CO4: To build visualization skills for 3D to 2D translation
CO5: To develop drafting and technical communication skills
4. Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
CO
No. Learning Outcome (Verb + Observable Action)
CO1 Construct geometric patterns and tessellations
CO2 Apply orthographic projection techniques
CO3 Represent objects using isometric drawings
CO4 Demonstrate spatial understanding and accuracy
CO 5 Produce technical drawings with clarity and precision
5. Syllabus Structure
Unit Contents – (Topics and sub topics) Hrs
allocated
1 Introduction to Geometry and Drawing Tools 8
Introduction to Technical Drawing
● Importance of technical drawing in design and manufacturing
● Types of drawings
● Drawing standards and conventions
Drawing Instruments
● Drawing board, T-square, Set squares, Compass, Divider, Divider, Scale,
Protractor, French curves, Drafter
Line Types and Lettering
● Visible lines, Hidden lines, Centre lines, Dimension lines, Construction
lines, Technical lettering
Basic Geometric Constructions
● Bisecting lines and angles, Perpendicular and parallel lines, dividing lines
into equal parts, Triangle construction, Square construction
Case Studies / Examples:
● Simple geometric compositions
● Basic drafting exercises
● Technical lettering sheet
2 8
Plane Geometry and Constructions
Polygons
● Pentagon construction, Hexagon construction, Octagon construction,
Circles and Arcs
● Tangent circles, External and internal tangents, Arc construction methods
Conic Sections
● Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola
Case Studies / Examples:
● Polygon construction
● Pattern-based design exercises
● Geometric compositions
3 Geometric Patterns and Tessellations 12
Fundamentals of Patterns
● Pattern generation, Rhythm and repetition, Modular systems
Symmetry
● Reflection symmetry, Rotational symmetry, Translational symmetry, Glide
reflection
Islamic Geometry
● Star patterns, Polygonal grids, Traditional geometric ornamentation
Mathematical Patterns
● Golden ratio, Fibonacci sequence, Fractal geometry (Introduction)
Tessellations
● Regular tessellations, Semi-regular tessellations, Irregular tessellations
M.C. Escher Studies
● Interlocking forms, Visual transformations, Creative tessellation
development
Case Studies / Examples:
● Islamic geometric patterns
● M. C. Escher tessellations
4 12
Orthographic Projections
Introduction to Projection Systems
● Projection theory, Planes of projection, Reference lines
Orthographic Views
● Front view, Top view, Side view
Projection Methods
● First-angle projection, Third-angle projection, Projection of lines and dots
Projection of Geometric Solids
● Cube, Prism, Pyramid, Cylinder, Cone
Sectional Views
● Full section, Half section, Offset section
Orthographic projection exercise with AutoCad
Case Studies / Examples:
● Product components
5 8
Isometric and Axonometric Projections
Isometric Drawing Fundamentals
● Isometric axes, Isometric scale, Isometric dimensions
Drawing Basic Forms
● Cubes, Cylinders, Cones, Prisms
Complex Object Construction
● Combination solids, Product forms
Introduction to Axonometric Projections
● Isometric projection, Dimetric projection, Trimetric projection
Isometric projection exercise with AutoCad
Case Studies / Examples:
● Product visualization sketches in isometric views
6 4
Introduction to Perspective Drawing
Fundamentals of Perspective
● Horizon line, Eye level, Vanishing points
One-Point Perspective
● Interior views, Product placement
Two-Point Perspective
● Architectural forms, Product displays
Introduction to Three-Point Perspective
● Tall objects, Dynamic viewpoints
Shadows and Depth
● Perspective depth, Basic shading principles
Case Studies / Examples:
● Furniture , product in a plane
7 8
Integrated Technical Drawing Exercise
Design Object Selection (footwear, bags, furniture, etc)
● Selection of product
● Product analysis and Form breakdown
Drawing Development
● Orthographic views, Isometric representation,
Sheet Composition
● Layout planning, Annotation techniques, Dimensioning standards
Final Presentation
● Complete technical drawing sheet, Portfolio documentation
Developing the Technical sheet in AutoCad
Case Studies / Examples:
● Object representation from multiple views
● Design visualization sheet
6. Teaching – Learning delivery Methods, Pedagogy tools
● Studio-based drawing exercises
● Demonstration and guided practice
● Step-by-step construction methods
● Problem-solving exercises
● Peer review and feedback
7. Assessment & Evaluation
Component Weightage
Internal (assignments, studio work, 60%
participation)
External Jury (project, prototype, portfolio) 40%
Total 100%
8. Suggested Readings
● Ching, F. D. K. – Architectural Graphics
● Elam, K. – Geometry of Design
● Bertoline, G. R. – Engineering Graphics and Design
● N. D. Bhatt - Engineering Drawing
9. Industry & Community Integration (15 -20%)
● Guest lectures from industry leaders.
● Live projects/collaborations (e.g., with startups).
● Site visits