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Science Notes

The document outlines the steps involved in water treatment, including screening, settlement, filtration, and chlorination to ensure clean water. It also defines key concepts related to solubility, solutions, and types of mixtures, as well as the law of conservation of mass. Additionally, it touches on specialized cells and heart tissues relevant to biological processes.

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2 views2 pages

Science Notes

The document outlines the steps involved in water treatment, including screening, settlement, filtration, and chlorination to ensure clean water. It also defines key concepts related to solubility, solutions, and types of mixtures, as well as the law of conservation of mass. Additionally, it touches on specialized cells and heart tissues relevant to biological processes.

Uploaded by

a.zahid12056
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Water Treatment Plant

1. Screens to remove large objects such sticks, leaves

2. Settlement Special chemicals are added to clump the small


insoluble materials that pass through the screens and
are floating in the water. The clump settles down to the
bottom of the settlement tank and removed as sludge.

3. Filtration To remove insoluble solids from water by using


activated charcoal and sand.

Now water is passed through a special substance called


activated charcoal that removes chemicals that are
dissolved in water such as pesticides. Then water is
passed through a thick layer sand to remove any solid
particles that are still left in it.

4. Chlorination Finally, chlorine is added to the water to kill microbes


that could kill disease.

The water is then stored in covered reservoirs to keep it clean before it


leaves the treatment plant.
Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific
temperature.
Saturated solution: A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a
given temperature; any extra solute remains undissolved.
Unsaturated solution: A solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount possible at a
given temperature, so more solute can still dissolve.
Supersaturated solution: A solution that temporarily contains more dissolved solute than the normal
maximum at a given temperature; it is unstable and excess solute can crystallize out.

Law of conservation of mass - Mass of solute + Mass of solvent = mass of solution

Solubility of a solid = temperature + nature of solute

Specialised cells - Cells that have unique structures and functions with a multi - cellular organism. Examples
include nerve cells, red blood cells, and muscle cells

Heart tissues -
● Nerve tissue – carries signals that control heartbeat
● Muscle tissue – helps in pumping blood
● Fat tissue – outer layer that protects the heart

Two types of pure substances : element and compound

Respiration is the process in which oxygen is combined with nutrients and energy and carbon dioxide is
released.

Solution – a mixture where a solute is completely dissolved in a solvent.(clear or transparent)


Suspension – a mixture where particles are spread out but big enough to settle down if left standing.
Colloid – a mixture with very tiny particles that don’t settle and scatter light. (colloid is opaque)
Mixture – a physical combination of two or more substances that aren’t chemically bonded.

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