SYSTEMS LINEAR
EQUATIONS AND
INEQUALITIES
Objectives:
01 02 03 04
Provide a sufficient Solve linear equation Introduce the Graph the common
review on the by elimination, method of graphing solution of a system
principles of solving substitution, an inequality in one of inequalities in two
linear equations and equivalent equation, and two variables. variables.
inequalities Cramer's rule, and
graphical method.
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
A system of linear equation is the common
point of any two given linear equation
a1x + b1y = C1 > First equation
a2x + b2y = C2 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.1 Types of System of Linear Equations
1.1.1 Inconsistent – It has the empty set for its solution,
and the graphs consist of two parallel lines.
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝐶1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2
Example 1.1.1
4x + 2y = 16 > First equation
2x + y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.1 Types of System of Linear Equations
1.1.2 Dependent Equation – It contains an infinite number of
solutions, and the graphs are two coincident lines.
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝐶1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2
Example 1.1.2
2x + y = 6 > First equation
4x + 2y = 12 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.1 Types of System of Linear Equations
1.1.3 Consistent Equation – It contains one and only one
solution, and the graphs are if the two lines, which intersect at
one point.
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
Example 1.1.3
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.1 Elimination Method by addition and subtraction.
1.2.2 Substitution Method
1.2.3 Equivalent Equations
1.2.4 Cramer’s Rule
1.2.5 Graphical Method
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.1 Elimination Method by addition and subtraction.
Example 1.2.1
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.1 Elimination Method by addition and subtraction.
Summary of Steps
1. If the coefficients of the variables have the same coefficient, we proceed to second step. But if
the variables do not contain the same coefficients, we multiply one equation or both by a
number, which will make the coefficients of one variable equal.
2. Add or subtract the resulting equations and solve for the value of the remaining variable.
3. Substitute the value obtained in the second step to get the value of the second variable.
4. Check by substituting the values of the variables in the original equations
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.2 Substitution Method
Example 1.2.2
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.2 Substitution Method
Summary of Steps
1. Choose the simplier equation and solve for one variable in terms of the other.
2. Using the other equation, substitute the expression obtained in first step to find the value of the
other variable.
3. Substitute the value obtained in the second step to obtain the value of the second variable.
4. Check by substituting the values of the variables in the original equations.
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.3 Equivalent Equations
Example 1.2.3
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.3 Equivalent Equations
Summary of Steps
1. Choose one variable and solve for one variable in terms of the other.
2. Form a new equation from the equivalent equations and solve for the unknown.
3. Substitute the value obtained in the second step to obtain the value of the second variable.
4. Check by substituting the values of the variables in the original equations.
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.4 Cramer’s Rule
Formula
a1x + b1y = C1 > First equation
a2x + b2y = C2 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.4 Cramer’s Rule
𝐶1 𝑏1 𝑎1 𝐶1
𝐶1𝑏2 − 𝐶2𝑏1 𝑎1𝐶2 −𝑎2𝑐1
X= 𝐶2 𝑏2
𝑎1 𝑏1 = Y= 𝑎2 𝐶2
𝑎1 𝑏1 =
𝑎1𝑏2 −𝑎2𝑏1 𝑎1𝑏2 −𝑎2𝑏1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2
Provided that a1b2 – a2b1≠0
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.4 Cramer’s Rule
Example 1.2.4
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.4 Cramer’s Rule
Summary of Steps
1. Identify the values of a, b, and c.
2. Substitute the values of a b, and c for the general formula.
3. Check by substituting the obtained values of the variables in the original equations.
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.5 Graphical Method
Example 1.2.4
2x + y = 16 > First equation
x + 2y = 11 > Second equation
System of Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.2 Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
1.2.5 Graphical Method
Summary of Steps
1. Solve the two given equations for x and y values.
2. Graph each equation on the same Cartesian Coordinate Plane.
3. Find the point of intersection. The point of intersection is the solution set.
4. Check by substituting the obtained values of the variables in the original equations.
Inequalities
For any two real numbers a and b, (a<b) or
(b<a) if and only if (b-a) is a positive number,
that is, if and only if (b-a>0)
Inequalities
1. Properties of Inequalities
1.1 Trichotomy Property. For any real numbers a and b, exactly
one the following: a<b, a=b, a>b
Example: a=3 and b=5, given number 3<5
Inequalities
1. Properties of Inequalities
1.2 Addition Property. For any real numbers a, b, c:
if a<b, then a + c < b + c
if a>b, then a + c > b + c
Example: a = 10, b = 17, and c = 5
10 + 5 < 17 + 5 = 15 < 22
a = 19, b = 11, and c = 5
19 + 5 > 11 + 5 = 24 > 16
Inequalities
1. Properties of Inequalities
1.3 Multiplication Property. For any real numbers a, b, c:
if a<b, and c is positive then ac< bc
if a<b, and c is negative then ac>bc
Example: a = 10, b = 17, and c = 5
10 (5) < 17 (5) = 50 < 85
a = 10, b = 17, and c = -5
10 (-5) > 17 (-5) = -50 > -85
Inequalities
1. Properties of Inequalities
1.4 Division Property. For any real numbers a, b, c:
if a<b, and c is positive then a/c< b/c
if a<b, and c is negative then a/c>b/c
Example: a = 10, b = 15, and c = 5
10/5 < 15/5 = 2 < 3
a = 10, b = 15, and c = -5
10/-5 > 15/-5= -2 > -3
Inequalities
1. Properties of Inequalities
1.5 Exponential Property. For any real numbers a, b, c:
if a<b, and c is positive then a^c < b^c
if a<b, and c is negative then a^c > b^c
Example: a = 2, b = 3, and c = 4
2^4 < 3^4 = 16 < 81
a = 2, b = 3, and c = -4
2^-4 > 3^-4 = 1/16 > 1/81