Introduction to IS Operation and Maintenance
System Monitoring
• Monitoring the health and status of Windows Server 2012 roles, features, and services to ensure optimal
performance and availability
Purpose:
To identify hardware or software issues before they cause system outages. Examples (Windows Server
2012-specific):
Examples (windows server 2012-specific):
● Monitoring CPU, RAM, and disk usage via Performance Monitor.
● Viewing event logs via Event Viewer.
● Monitoring system uptime and logged-on users.
Tools and Features in Windows Server 2012:
● Performance Monitor ([Link]) – tracks performance metrics.
● Task Manager – provides real-time performance overview.
● Event Viewer ([Link]) – monitors application, security, and system logs.
● System Center operations Manager (SCOM) enterprise-level monitoring
HELPDESK SUPPORT
• Assisting users with troubleshooting system-related problems in an Active Directory domain managed by
Windows Server 2012.
Purpose:
To resolve user account issues, access problems, and software support requests. Examples (Windows Server
2012-specific):
● Resetting user passwords in Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC).
● Unlocking accounts or enabling disabled user profiles.
● Remote desktop assistance using Remote Assistance or Remote Desktop Services.
Tools and Features in Windows Server 2012:
- Active Directory Users and Computers ([Link])
- Remote Desktop Services (RDS)
- Windows Remote Assistance
- Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) for user environment control
Security Administration (Windows Server 2012) Managing and configuring security settings to protect Windows
Server 2012 infrastructure from unauthorized access or attacks
● infrastructure from unauthorized access or attacks.
Purpose:
To ensure data confidentiality, enforce user access controls, and secure network communications.
Examples (Windows Server 2m012-specific):
● Configuring and managing Windows Firewall with Advanced Security.
● Creating Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to enforce security policies.
● Managing user roles and privileges using Active Directory.
● Enabling BitLocker Drive Encryption for data protection.
Tools and Features in Windows Server 2012:
● Windows Firewall with Advanced Security ([Link])
● Group Policy Management ([Link])
● Active Directory Administrative Center (ADAC)
● BitLocker
● Security Configuration Wizard (SCW)
Performance Tuning (Windows Server 2012)
● Improving the responsiveness and resource utilization of the Windows Server 2012 environment
through configuration and optimization.
Purpose:
To ensure the server delivers the best performance with current workloads.
Examples (Windows Server 2012-specific):
● Adjusting page file size and memory settings.
● Disabling unnecessary services from [Link].
● Fine-tuning network performance using QoS (Quality of Service).
● Optimizing disk I/O performance using RAID configuration.
Tools and Features in Windows Server 2012:
● Performance Monitor and Resource Monitor
● Task Manager
● Server Manager for role-based performance management
● Data Collector Sets for custom monitoring
● PowerShell scripts for automation and performance testing
Backup and Recovery (Windows Server 2012)
• Creating system and file backups for recovery in case of data loss, system failure, or disaster.
Purpose:
To maintain data integrity and support business continuity.
Examples (Windows Server 2012-specific):
● Scheduling regular backups using Windows Server Backup.
● Creating System State Backups for Active Directory recovery.
● Performing bare-metal recovery using Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE).
● Storing backups on external drives or remote file shares.
Tools and Features in Windows Server 2012:
● Windows Server Backup ([Link])
● wbadmin command-line tool
● Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) for point-in-time snapshots
● System Center Data Protection Manager (DPM) – for enterprise backup management
● Hyper-V Checkpoints – for VM state backups
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Role in Accounting Information System
● In AIS, IS operations play a crucial role in processing financial data, ensuring data integrity, and maintaining
confidentiality and availability of sensitive financial records
➢ Transaction Processing: Automating journal entries and ledger updates.
➢ Data Integrity Checks: Running validation routines on financial inputs.
➢ Compliance Monitoring: Ensuring systems follow accounting standards.
➢ User Role Access Management: Preventing unauthorized access to ledgers and reports.
Overview of System Lifecycle Post-Deployment
● After a system is deployed, it enters the operations and maintenance phase of the System Development Life
Cycle (SDLC).
Key Phases Post-Deployment:
➢ Operations Phase: Running the system, monitoring for errors.
➢ Maintenance Phase: Applying patches, updates, minor enhancements.
➢ Evaluation Phase: Assessing if the system still meets goals.
➢ Retirement Phase: Phasing out systems no longer efficient or Secure.
Types of Maintenance
ØCorrective
• Fixing bugs or errors found in the system after it is
in operation.
• To correct faults and restore normal operation.
ØAdaptive
• Modifying the system to work in a changed
environment.
• To ensure the system continues to operate when there are changes in the business environment or technology.
ØPerfective
• Improving or enhancing system performance or user experience
• To increase system efficiency, maintainability, or usability based on user feedback.
ØPreventive
• Making changes to reduce the risk of future problems.
• To increase system reliability and reduce future corrective maintenance needs.
Overview of IS Operations
• Information Systems (IS)
operations refer to the day-to-
day activities required to ensure
that IS services are delivered
effectively and efficiently.
• This includes data processing,
system monitoring, backup,
security, and support services.
Key Functions
• System Monitoring: Ensuring systems are up and running.
• Helpdesk Support: Assisting users with system issues.
• Security Administration: Managing firewalls, user access, data privacy.
• Performance Tuning: Adjusting system
parameters for better performance.
• Backup and Recovery: Preparing for disaster recovery.
System Monitoring
• Tracks uptime, CPU, memory, disk, and network usage.
• Early issue detection, reduced downtime
• What happens if monitoring is
Ignored?
Help Desk Support
• First line of defense for user issues
• Tools: Freshdesk, Jira Service Desk
• Logs incidents, resolves problems, escalates when needed
Security Administration
• Manages firewalls, user access, and data privacy
• Enforces policies like least privilege and encryption
Tools: pfSense, Cisco ASA, Active Directory
Should all users have admin access?
Performance Tuning
• Optimizes system speed and responsiveness
• Techniques: Load balancing, query optimization, caching
Can performance tuning reduce hardware
costs?
Backup and Recovery
• Backup types: Full, incremental, differential
• Recovery strategies: RTO (Recovery Time
Objective), RPO (Recovery Point Objective)
What’s the difference between backup
and disaster recovery?