I Probability
Experiment An action that have one or more
well define outcomes
Experiment
Deterministic Ratndom
Experiment which gives which gives different
same result in identical results in identical
conditions experiment
Sample space It is set of all defined outcomes
Eg If two coins are tossed then sample
space is
4 eh H H T CT H T T
O If two dice are thrown together then find
sample space
C 1 fl 2 I 6
g 1 2,2 2 6
G D 3 2 3 6
6,1 6,2 o 6
151 31
O A coin is tossed if it shows head then
a dice is drawn If it shows tail then
again coin is tossed find sample space
s I l H 2 CH 3 CH 4 H S HG
CT H CT T
Event Event is subset of sample space
eg Throwing a dice and getting even no is
an event
9 Impossible Event
Throwing a dice and getting 8 is impossible
event
b Sure Event
Event for which subset is sample space
itself
Equally likely events Two events A and B
are said to be equally
likely events if their chances of occurance
is same
toss of coin and getting head
a or
eg
tail is equally probable event
Mutually Exclusive events
Two events A and B
are said to be mutually exclusive events
if their intersection is
eg An B d
a
eg throwing a dice
54 A 113 4
A 41 3 13 42,4 64
Mutually Exhaustive Events
Throw a dice
ey
A
A 013
41 3
4 1 2,3
54
4
B
5,64
42,4 64
S EEFIE
Two or more than two events are said to
be mutually exhaustive events if their union
is sample space
Ai Az An are said be mutually
exhaustive events if
A V Az V Az V An S
Definition of Probability If there are n
possible outcomes equally which are
likely mutuallyoutexclusive
exhaustive and
mutually
of these n outcomes
m are no of ways in favour of an
event A then probability of happening
event A equals to
PCA favourable case
My
Total case
i
O E M I n
o E E I
My
O E PLA E I
Probability of not happening A
PLA
And
I I PLA
PCA I
P A T PLA
Ii Probability of sure event is always 1
Lii Probability of impossible event o
Ciii Probability of equally likely events A B
s
PLA PLB
Iv A B mutually exclusive
PLAN B o
A B
mutually exhaustive event
P AUB
1,2 25
one no i's selected randomly then find
probability that selected no is a prime no
Total cases 25
favourable case 2,3 5,7 11 13 17 19,234
P 5
6.2 An old man while dialing a 7 digit no
suddenly forget
after dialing s digits heremember
the two digits but be that the
two digits are different so he randomly
dial two digits then what is the probability
that he dial the correct number
X X
10 9
Total 90 far I
p go
t 63 Two natural selected
from the set
nos
of
are
randomly
first 20 natural nos
Find the probability that
9 No are twin prime numbers
3,5 5,7 11,13 17,19
favourable cases 20
Total cases
20oz
P 2
2
b Sum of numbers is odd
10 even
Far cases log ive 10 odd
19 Ioc
P
20C
6 Sum of numbers is even numbers
favourable cases both even or both odd
p log T 102
2002
0.4 From first 6 natural nos two nos are
selected
nos
randomly then find
are nos
probability
coprime
au 4,1 1,2 l 67 2,3 2,5
C 4 3,5 4,5 5 6
4
P
E
05 3 to be
orange u apples are
arranged
then find probability that two extreme
fruits are
oranges
All
fruits are different
Total 7
tar ol 1 1 11
5
3 2 5
P
7 I
b fruits of same species are alike
Total 7
Ts
a
91
11
p
IIIs
0.63 vertices of a
regular
hexagon are
joined randomly then find probability that
an equilateral s is formed
Sod Total 603
fav cases 2
prob
Eg
07 Find the probality that the 4th power of
integer selected randomly ends with digit G
Sod Last digit
o
i
9
2 6 fav cases 4
3 I Total loses 10
4 6
p
s 5
6 6
t I
8 7 6
g I
0.8 OF IBID D D IR
7 diff balls marked with V I B G Y O R
ai find the probability that no ball goes to
its own colour box
far cases 7
I 34th to
1854
Prob 1854
7
b
Exactly 4 balls go to their own colour
box
all in
fav 7cg 1 3 ball are
wrong box
7
1
47033 I I
Igf Fez 2
0.9 If P and q are selected randomly with
replacement from the first to natural
numbers then find prob that roots of
ex pet party o are
as real b real distinct
So Cal D 0
p2 4920
P Ug P 9 E 41,2 103
P n p 2 P 3 P Y p 5
I 249 4249 9249 16249 25249
9 1,2 3,4 9 1 2,3 4,5 f
x q I 9 1,2
I case 2 case 4 case 6 case
D 6 10 7 D 8 P 9 P lo
3624g 10cal 10 case to case to case
9 1,2 e g
gcase
fav 62
Total 10C c
p
got
b D O
p 49
far cases 59
p 5
Question Based on Dice
2 dice thrown together
3 dice thrown together
sum cases sum cases
2 I 3
I
3 2 4
y 3 5
s U 6
6 5 7 15
7 6 8
8 5 s f
g U lo
lo 11 If
12 25
I 13 21
18
EE 3
0.1 In throwing of two dice find probability of
getting
a doublet
far Cases Cl 2,23 6,6
Prob I
b Even no on one dice and odd no on
other dice
far Bc Bc A2
p
I
6 Even no on both dice
30 39
p 36 I
d Odd no on both dice
p 39 34
36 I
e Sum of nos is less than 7
far cases sym 6 t Gym 5 Sym 4
Sym 3 Gym 2
p 544 3 2 7
36 1
f sum of no is a prime no
far sym 2 Sym 3 sym 5 SUM 7
KUM ID
p I 2 4 6 2
36
9 multiple of 2 on one dice and multiple
of 3 on another dice
fan Cases
4 2,3 216 4,3 4,0 63 G
312 6,2 314 6141 316
p 2 30 3C I
36
Coin based problems
O A coin is tossed u times then find
probability of getting
a H T come
alternatively
far cases HT HT THTH
p I
b No of heads no of tails
far cases 4h 32
3 HIT
YI Y
No two heads occur consecutively
far cases YT 1
3T H 4
27211
1141443
TH TH
P 8 16 12
d atleast 2 H occurs
UH I
p
3171T 4 g
242T 6
32
Cards 352
I t
Heart Club spade
Diamond xp
Black cards 26 Red cards 26
face cards or Court cards 12
41 40 45
Honoured cards 16
4kt 9044544A
0014 cards are drawn from a well shuffled
pack of 52 cards then
find probability
9 All cards are cards
face
p
II
b Atleast two cards are court cards
2 court cardt 2 others
12cg Hoc
3 court card 1 other
4
t
123
4 court card 12,4
p kg Yog t 123.4 t key
52cg
6 All cards are of same colour
p 2
265
d All cards are of same suit
II
p
G In a leap year find probability of getting
9 53
Sunday b Exactly 52 Sunday
Cl 53 Sunday and 53 Monday
d 53 Sunday and 53 wednesday
Sof Sunday Monday Mon Tue I Tues wed
1 Wed Thur 1 Thur Fri 1 Fri sat I Sat Sun
9 217 C 47
b 5 7 d O
0 Addition theorem
A B
PCAUB PLAST PLB PLAN B
Probability of happening A or B
Probability of happening at least
one
Planet peony
PLANB
Égff
Probability of happening A only
PLANE PLA PLANB
Eg
Probability of happening B only
P BAE PIB PLANB
IF
Probability of happening exactly one
event
PLANE T P BAE
PLA t PCB 2 PLAN B
PC no Probability of happening neither
A nor B
PLAN B I PLA VB
PLANE PLATUB ÉI
Probability of happening at least one
A B IC
PCAUBUC D LAST PLDT PCI PLANDS PLBAC
PCC NAIT PCAA BAC
Not O A B mutually exclusive
PLAN B O
then PLAV B PLA PCB
A B c pairwise mutually exclusive
PLAN B O P BAC O P CCAA O
PLA ABAC O
PLAV BUC PLA PCB PLC
Independent Event Two events are said to
be independent if happening
of one does not affect the other
Dependent Event Two events said to be
are
dependent events if happening of one
affects the other
Conditional Probability
PLAN B A B
PCA B
PCB
t
Probability of happening A
when B already occurs
PCB A PLAN B
PLA
PLA B PLAN B PCA B
PCB PSEEBI
Special case
If A and B are independent
events
PCA B PLA
A B Independent Events
PCA B PCAI
Plan B PLA
PCB
PLAN B PLA PCB
A B Independent Events
A B Independent
A B Independent
A B Independent
Deri PLA AI PLAS PLI
RI PCA P BT CI PLA CI PCB
I PA T P LB PLA PLD
I PLA TPLB PLAN B
AIB independent
2
I P CAU B
PLAUT
or
PLAN B
For 3 events A B C
Prob exactly one of A or B occurs p
Prob exactly one of B or C occurs p
Prob exactly one of C or a occurs p
Prob call three events occur simultaneously
p
A B C
mutually exhaustive
D
find
21h PLAIT PCB 2 PLAN B p
PCB PCC ZP BAC p
PLCS T PLA IP Anc p
PLAN BAC p
PLAV BUCS I
PCA PCB PLC PLAN B PEDALS PCAA
312
PLAN BAC
PLAV BUCS
32
1 p 321
213 P 2 3 0
0
217 4 p p 2
2 1 Dt2 0
P
p 2
0.2 There are 3 Clubs A B C in Kota city
with yo 50 60 Members respectively
to peoples are members of all 3 Clubs 70
are members in only I club A member
is randomly selected find probability that
he had membership of exactly 2 clubs
A
a d b
e
f
c
c
and gte 40
9 10
bed gtf 50
at btc 70
Efg ftc go
add atstct 2 dte f 30 150
dtett 25
fav cases 25C
Total atbtctdtefftg
70 25 10 105
p
3
Ed 9.3 PLA PCB PCA 1B Yy
I 3
find
PCAUB PLAN B PLANE
PCA B PLBIA PCA B
PLAIT PLATE
PCE 2
12 PLI 3
PLAUB 31 yt 72
PLAN B PCB PLAN B
3 ut it n't
PCA 75 PLAS PLAN B
I t y
PLA B
PYEF
3
43 4
P BIA
42 12
PCE B Yu
PEETA Ypg
PLA B 4 38
PEELE
87 PCA 15 PLEAD
PLI PLEIBI
PLAUB
I
PLI
tI
5 8
GY A B 5 Independent events
PCA 4 PLAUB 7
a PLAN B b P B
PLA T PCB PLA PIP
SOI PLAV B
7 y PCB 4 PLD
3 G PIB
P B 5
PLAN B UX 5 20
0.5 Find PCB A if
a A is subset of B
b A B disjoint
a ASB
PCAA B PIA
P BIA PLAN B
P A
b PLAN B 0
PCB A TO
0.6 If a dice is thrown then find prob
of occurance of composite no when
even no hasalready occurred
Ed Aas composite no 44,6
B 3 Even no 42,4 64
1 PLAN B 1
PCB 2 3
PLA B B
432
0.7 Probability that teacher takes surprise
test is 113 If a student remains
absent for 2 days then
9 He missed exactly I test
6 He missed atleast i test
He missed at most I test
T T t T T
13.33 3 t Ig
b
atleast a 1 no test miss
I I I 1 33 33 5g
MI T T t T T T T T
I I 51g
G IT Ttt
g Ig I